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HB178 • 2026

Public K-12 education; process for the consolidation of city school systems provided

Public K-12 education; process for the consolidation of city school systems provided

Education Elections
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Garrett
Last action
2026-04-17
Official status
Enacted
Effective date
2026-10-01

Plain English Breakdown

The official source material does not provide information on the specific outcomes if a referendum fails or how many city school boards have decided to consolidate since the law was passed.

Process for Consolidating City School Systems

This law allows two or more neighboring city school boards to merge into one multi-city board, but requires voter approval if at least 25% of voters protest the merger.

What This Bill Does

  • Allows two or more contiguous city school boards to combine into one multi-city board.
  • Requires that if 25 percent of qualified electors in any affected area object within 30 days, a referendum must be held for voter approval.
  • Specifies how the consolidation process should work and what details need to be included in the agreement between schools.
  • Gives the State Board of Education authority to create rules for implementing this law.

Who It Names or Affects

  • City school boards that want to consolidate their systems.
  • Voters who live within areas affected by proposed consolidations.

Terms To Know

Contiguous
Connected or touching each other, like neighboring cities.
Qualified electors
Voters who are eligible to vote in an election.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The law does not specify what happens if the referendum fails.
  • It is unclear how many city school boards have actually decided to consolidate since this law was passed.
  • The State Board of Education has yet to adopt rules for implementing this act as required.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

11I5AL3-1

R 236

Adopted

Plain English: 11I5AL3-1 01/20/2026 OW (L)OW 2025-3152 SUB HB178 WAYS AND MEANS EDUCATION SUBSTITUTE TO HB178 OFFERED BY REPRESENTATIVE ELLIS Page 1 SYNOPSIS: This bill would provide a process for two or more city boards of education to form a consolidated school system.

  • 11I5AL3-1 01/20/2026 OW (L)OW 2025-3152 SUB HB178 WAYS AND MEANS EDUCATION SUBSTITUTE TO HB178 OFFERED BY REPRESENTATIVE ELLIS Page 1 SYNOPSIS: This bill would provide a process for two or more city boards of education to form a consolidated school system.
  • This bill would provide a procedure for protesting the proposed consolidation of two or more city school systems.
  • This bill would also require the State Board of Education to adopt rules as necessary for implementation.
  • A BILL TO BE ENTITLED AN ACT Relating to public K-12 education; to provide a process for the creation of a consolidated city school system by merging two or more city boards of education; to provide a procedure for protesting a proposed consolidation of two or more city school systems; and to require the State Board of Education to adopt rules.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.
V7RWFLL-1

R 237

Adopted

Plain English: V7RWFLL-1 : 2/3/2026 : OW 1ST GARRETT AMENDMENT TO HB178 OFFERED BY REPRESENTATIVE GARRETT Page 1 Replace lines 48 through 49 on page 2 with the following: majority of the qualified electors residing in the combined territory wherein all affected city school systems are located 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

  • V7RWFLL-1 : 2/3/2026 : OW 1ST GARRETT AMENDMENT TO HB178 OFFERED BY REPRESENTATIVE GARRETT Page 1 Replace lines 48 through 49 on page 2 with the following: majority of the qualified electors residing in the combined territory wherein all affected city school systems are located 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.
9JHS1BM-1

R 1246 • Orr

Adopted

Plain English: 9JHS1BM-1 : 2/24/2026 : OW 1ST FINANCE AND TAXATION EDUCATION AMENDMENT TO HB178 OFFERED BY SENATOR ORR Page 1 Replace line 19 on page 1 with the following: one remaining controlling multi-city board of education, each city Replace lines 25 through 27 on page 1 with the following: take place, identify how the remaining controlling multi-city board of education will operate, provide for the roles and duties of the resulting multi-city board members, and designate Replace lines 41 through 45 on page 2 with the following: (2) The referendum election shall be held on the date of the next regularly scheduled general election.

  • 9JHS1BM-1 : 2/24/2026 : OW 1ST FINANCE AND TAXATION EDUCATION AMENDMENT TO HB178 OFFERED BY SENATOR ORR Page 1 Replace line 19 on page 1 with the following: one remaining controlling multi-city board of education, each city Replace lines 25 through 27 on page 1 with the following: take place, identify how the remaining controlling multi-city board of education will operate, provide for the roles and duties of the resulting multi-city board members, and designate Replace lines 41 through 45 on page 2 with the following: (2) The referendum election shall be held on the date of the next regularly scheduled general election.
  • The order setting the election shall be entered by the judge of probate of each county in which an affected city school system is located within one month after the expiration of the 30-day Replace lines 46 through 48 on page 2 with the following: time period provided in subdivision (1).
  • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 9JHS1BM-1 : 2/24/2026 : OW 1ST FINANCE AND TAXATION EDUCATION AMENDMENT TO HB178 OFFERED BY SENATOR ORR Page 2 time period provided in subdivision (1).
  • Replace lines 50 through 55 on page 2 with the following: are scheduled to be held, the sheriff of each county in which an affected city school system is located shall give notice of the election.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-17 House

    Enacted

  2. 2026-04-08 House

    Garrett Motion to Concur In and Adopt Senate Amendment - Adopted Roll Call 1327 (Yeas 104, Nays 0)

  3. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass as Amended - Adopted Roll Call 1247 (Yeas 32, Nays 0)

  4. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Orr motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 1246 (Yeas 32, Nays 0)

  5. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Third Reading in Second House (Yeas 32, Nays 0)

  6. 2026-04-08 House

    Delivered to Governor

  7. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Signature Requested

  8. 2026-04-08 House

    Enrolled

  9. 2026-04-08 House

    Ready to Enroll

  10. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Finance and Taxation Education 1st Amendment Offered

  11. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar

  12. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Reported Out of Committee Second House

  13. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Finance and Taxation Education 1st Amendment

  14. 2026-02-05 Senate

    Pending Committee Action in Second House

  15. 2026-02-05 Senate

    Read for the first time and referred to the Senate Committee on Finance and Taxation Education

  16. 2026-02-03 House

    Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass as Amended - Adopted Roll Call 238 (Yeas 104, Nays 0)

  17. 2026-02-03 House

    Motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 237 (Yeas 104, Nays 0)

  18. 2026-02-03 House

    Motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 236 (Yeas 103, Nays 0)

  19. 2026-02-03 House

    Third Reading in House of Origin (Yeas 99, Nays 0)

  20. 2026-02-03 House

    Engrossed

  21. 2026-02-03 House

    Garrett 1st Amendment Offered

  22. 2026-02-03 House

    Ways and Means Education 1st Substitute Offered

  23. 2026-01-21 House

    Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar

  24. 2026-01-21 House

    Reported Out of Committee House of Origin

  25. 2026-01-21 House

    Ways and Means Education 1st Substitute

  26. 2026-01-13 House

    Pending Committee Action in House of Origin

  27. 2026-01-13 House

    Read for the first time and referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means Education

Official Summary Text

This act: (1) authorizes two or more contiguous city boards of education to consolidate the administration of their city school systems under one multi-city board of education; (2) provides that if 25 percent of the qualified electors of a school system submit written objection within 30 days after the decision to consolidate, a consolidation only becomes operative after approval at a referendum for the total affected area; and (3) requires the state board to adopt rules to implement this act.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
HB178 ENROLLED
Page 0
HB178
11I5AL3-3
By Representative Garrett
RFD: Ways and Means Education
First Read: 13-Jan-26
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HB178 Enrolled
Page 1
First Read: 13-Jan-26
Enrolled, An Act,
Relating to public K-12 education; to provide a process
for the creation of a consolidated city school system by
merging two or more city boards of education; to provide a
procedure for protesting a proposed consolidation of two or
more city school systems; and to require the State Board of
Education to adopt rules.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA:
Section 1. (a) Whenever two or more contiguous city
boards of education deem it advisable to consolidate the
administration of their respective city school systems under
one remaining controlling multi-city board of education, each
city board of education shall adopt and record within the
minutes of each board an agreement providing for the
consolidation. A formal resolution adopted by all members of
the agreeing boards shall detail and provide for the payment
of their respective indebtedness, specify how the
consolidation will take place, identify how the remaining
controlling multi-city board of education will operate,
provide for the roles and duties of the resulting multi-city
board members, and designate the time frame during which the
consolidation will be implemented. Subject to subsection (b),
the consolidation shall be finalized as designated in the
formal resolution.
(b)(1) If, within 30 days after the adoption of the
formal resolution, 25 percent of the qualified electors
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HB178 Enrolled
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formal resolution, 25 percent of the qualified electors
residing within the boundaries of any of the school systems
proposing consolidation submit a protest, in writing, to any
of the affected city boards of education, the consolidation
may not occur unless the consolidation is approved by a
majority of the qualified electors residing in the combined
territory wherein all affected city school systems are located
who vote in a referendum election as provided in this
subsection.
(2) The referendum election shall be held on the date
of the next regularly scheduled general election. The order
setting the election shall be entered by the judge of probate
of each county in which an affected city school system is
located within one month after the expiration of the 30-day
time period provided in subdivision (1).
(3) At least 30 days before the referendum elections
are scheduled to be held, the sheriff of each county in which
an affected city school system is located shall give notice of
the election.
(4) The elections shall be held and the results shall
be canvassed in the same manner as regular elections for city
officers.
(5) The ballots shall have printed at the top a
statement of the purpose of the referendum elections and
directly underneath, in plain type and on different lines, the
words, "For Consolidation" and "Against Consolidation".
(6) If a majority of the qualified electors voting in
the combined territory of the affected city school systems
vote to approve the consolidation, the consolidation shall be
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HB178 Enrolled
Page 3
vote to approve the consolidation, the consolidation shall be
finalized as designated in the formal resolution.
(c) The consolidation shall not operate to relieve any
board of education, or other governing body, of liability for
obligations previously incurred, or to impair rights existing
prior to the consolidation. The agreement and formal
resolution shall be binding on all parties. If a consolidation
occurs, the multi-city board of education shall have the right
to compel the execution of contractual obligations made to any
of the boards before the consolidation.
(d) The State Board of Education shall adopt rules as
necessary to provide for the implementation of this section.
Section 2. This act shall become effective on October
1, 2026.
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HB178 Enrolled
Page 4
1, 2026.
________________________________________________
Speaker of the House of Representatives
________________________________________________
President and Presiding Officer of the Senate
House of Representatives
I hereby certify that the within Act originated in and
was passed by the House 03-Feb-26, as amended.
John Treadwell
Clerk
Senate 08-Apr-26 Amended and Passed
House 08-Apr-26 Concurred in Senate
Amendment
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