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HB178 • 2026

Public K-12 education; process for the consolidation of city school systems provided

Public K-12 education; process for the consolidation of city school systems provided

Education Elections
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Garrett
Last action
2026-04-17
Official status
Enacted
Effective date
2026-10-01

Plain English Breakdown

The law specifies that existing debts remain valid even after consolidation, but does not detail how specific financial disputes might be resolved beyond requiring a plan in the formal resolution.

Rules for Merging City School Systems

This law allows neighboring city school boards to merge into one system, but requires a public vote if at least 25 percent of voters in any affected area file a written protest within 30 days.

What This Bill Does

  • Allows two or more nearby (contiguous) city school boards to agree on merging their systems under one multi-city board.
  • Requires all agreeing boards to adopt and record an agreement, plus a formal resolution detailing debt payment, how the new board will operate, member roles, and the timeline for implementation.
  • Stops the merger from happening automatically if 25 percent of voters in any affected area submit a written protest within 30 days after the resolution is adopted.
  • Mandates that a public vote be held at the next regularly scheduled general election to approve or reject the merger if enough people file a protest.
  • Requires the State Board of Education to create rules needed to carry out this law.

Who It Names or Affects

  • City boards of education in neighboring cities
  • Voters living within the boundaries of city school systems proposing a merger
  • The Alabama State Board of Education

Terms To Know

Contiguous
Cities or areas that share a common border and are next to each other.
Qualified electors
People who live in the area and have the legal right to vote.
Referendum
A special election where voters decide yes or no on a specific question, such as merging schools.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The law does not say which cities must merge; it only sets the rules if they choose to do so.
  • It is unclear how much money will be needed for the new board until specific boards make their plans.
  • The exact details of the State Board's implementing rules are not included in this text.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

11I5AL3-1

R 236

Adopted

Plain English: This amendment creates a new process for merging two or more city school systems, including rules for how voters can protest and vote on the change.

  • City school boards must create a formal agreement that details debts, timelines, and which board will remain in control if they decide to merge.
  • If at least 25% of eligible voters submit a written protest within 30 days, the merger cannot happen unless approved by a majority vote in an election.
  • The law requires public notice through newspapers or school websites before any voter referendum takes place.
  • Even after merging, all original debts and legal obligations from before the consolidation must still be paid.
  • This amendment does not explain how specific details like teacher salaries or student transfers will be handled during a merger.
  • The State Board of Education is required to create additional rules later, so some implementation steps are not fully defined in this text yet.
V7RWFLL-1

R 237

Adopted

Plain English: This amendment changes who must vote to approve merging city schools by requiring a majority of voters in the entire combined area.

  • The rule now requires that more than half of all eligible voters living in the total merged territory must agree.
  • The amendment text only shows the new voting requirement and does not explain how to count votes or what happens if they disagree.
  • It is unclear from this short excerpt which specific cities are involved or when this rule would start.
9JHS1BM-1

R 1246 • Orr

Adopted

Plain English: This amendment updates the rules for merging city school systems to clarify how a new multi-city board will be formed, when voters must decide on it, and who is responsible for announcing the vote.

  • It clarifies that the plan must explain how one remaining controlling multi-city board of education will operate after cities merge.
  • It requires the formal resolution to define the specific roles and duties of members on this new combined school board.
  • It sets a rule that any vote (referendum) on merging schools must happen during the next regular general election date.
  • It assigns local sheriffs the duty of giving public notice about when these consolidation elections will take place.
  • The provided text only shows specific line replacements and does not include the full original bill, so some surrounding context is missing.
  • Because parts of sentences are cut off in the amendment list (such as 'within one month after the expiration of the 30-day'), the exact length of all waiting periods cannot be fully confirmed without seeing the complete document.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-17 House

    Enacted

  2. 2026-04-08 House

    Garrett Motion to Concur In and Adopt Senate Amendment - Adopted Roll Call 1327 (Yeas 104, Nays 0)

  3. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass as Amended - Adopted Roll Call 1247 (Yeas 32, Nays 0)

  4. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Orr motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 1246 (Yeas 32, Nays 0)

  5. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Third Reading in Second House (Yeas 32, Nays 0)

  6. 2026-04-08 House

    Delivered to Governor

  7. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Signature Requested

  8. 2026-04-08 House

    Enrolled

  9. 2026-04-08 House

    Ready to Enroll

  10. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Finance and Taxation Education 1st Amendment Offered

  11. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar

  12. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Reported Out of Committee Second House

  13. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Finance and Taxation Education 1st Amendment

  14. 2026-02-05 Senate

    Pending Committee Action in Second House

  15. 2026-02-05 Senate

    Read for the first time and referred to the Senate Committee on Finance and Taxation Education

  16. 2026-02-03 House

    Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass as Amended - Adopted Roll Call 238 (Yeas 104, Nays 0)

  17. 2026-02-03 House

    Motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 237 (Yeas 104, Nays 0)

  18. 2026-02-03 House

    Motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 236 (Yeas 103, Nays 0)

  19. 2026-02-03 House

    Third Reading in House of Origin (Yeas 99, Nays 0)

  20. 2026-02-03 House

    Engrossed

  21. 2026-02-03 House

    Garrett 1st Amendment Offered

  22. 2026-02-03 House

    Ways and Means Education 1st Substitute Offered

  23. 2026-01-21 House

    Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar

  24. 2026-01-21 House

    Reported Out of Committee House of Origin

  25. 2026-01-21 House

    Ways and Means Education 1st Substitute

  26. 2026-01-13 House

    Pending Committee Action in House of Origin

  27. 2026-01-13 House

    Read for the first time and referred to the House Committee on Ways and Means Education

Official Summary Text

This act: (1) authorizes two or more contiguous city boards of education to consolidate the administration of their city school systems under one multi-city board of education; (2) provides that if 25 percent of the qualified electors of a school system submit written objection within 30 days after the decision to consolidate, a consolidation only becomes operative after approval at a referendum for the total affected area; and (3) requires the state board to adopt rules to implement this act.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
HB178 ENROLLED
Page 0
HB178
11I5AL3-3
By Representative Garrett
RFD: Ways and Means Education
First Read: 13-Jan-26
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HB178 Enrolled
Page 1
First Read: 13-Jan-26
Enrolled, An Act,
Relating to public K-12 education; to provide a process
for the creation of a consolidated city school system by
merging two or more city boards of education; to provide a
procedure for protesting a proposed consolidation of two or
more city school systems; and to require the State Board of
Education to adopt rules.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA:
Section 1. (a) Whenever two or more contiguous city
boards of education deem it advisable to consolidate the
administration of their respective city school systems under
one remaining controlling multi-city board of education, each
city board of education shall adopt and record within the
minutes of each board an agreement providing for the
consolidation. A formal resolution adopted by all members of
the agreeing boards shall detail and provide for the payment
of their respective indebtedness, specify how the
consolidation will take place, identify how the remaining
controlling multi-city board of education will operate,
provide for the roles and duties of the resulting multi-city
board members, and designate the time frame during which the
consolidation will be implemented. Subject to subsection (b),
the consolidation shall be finalized as designated in the
formal resolution.
(b)(1) If, within 30 days after the adoption of the
formal resolution, 25 percent of the qualified electors
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HB178 Enrolled
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formal resolution, 25 percent of the qualified electors
residing within the boundaries of any of the school systems
proposing consolidation submit a protest, in writing, to any
of the affected city boards of education, the consolidation
may not occur unless the consolidation is approved by a
majority of the qualified electors residing in the combined
territory wherein all affected city school systems are located
who vote in a referendum election as provided in this
subsection.
(2) The referendum election shall be held on the date
of the next regularly scheduled general election. The order
setting the election shall be entered by the judge of probate
of each county in which an affected city school system is
located within one month after the expiration of the 30-day
time period provided in subdivision (1).
(3) At least 30 days before the referendum elections
are scheduled to be held, the sheriff of each county in which
an affected city school system is located shall give notice of
the election.
(4) The elections shall be held and the results shall
be canvassed in the same manner as regular elections for city
officers.
(5) The ballots shall have printed at the top a
statement of the purpose of the referendum elections and
directly underneath, in plain type and on different lines, the
words, "For Consolidation" and "Against Consolidation".
(6) If a majority of the qualified electors voting in
the combined territory of the affected city school systems
vote to approve the consolidation, the consolidation shall be
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HB178 Enrolled
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vote to approve the consolidation, the consolidation shall be
finalized as designated in the formal resolution.
(c) The consolidation shall not operate to relieve any
board of education, or other governing body, of liability for
obligations previously incurred, or to impair rights existing
prior to the consolidation. The agreement and formal
resolution shall be binding on all parties. If a consolidation
occurs, the multi-city board of education shall have the right
to compel the execution of contractual obligations made to any
of the boards before the consolidation.
(d) The State Board of Education shall adopt rules as
necessary to provide for the implementation of this section.
Section 2. This act shall become effective on October
1, 2026.
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HB178 Enrolled
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1, 2026.
________________________________________________
Speaker of the House of Representatives
________________________________________________
President and Presiding Officer of the Senate
House of Representatives
I hereby certify that the within Act originated in and
was passed by the House 03-Feb-26, as amended.
John Treadwell
Clerk
Senate 08-Apr-26 Amended and Passed
House 08-Apr-26 Concurred in Senate
Amendment
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