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HB226 • 2026

Habitual offender law; pleas of nolo contendere treated as a plea of guilty

Habitual offender law; pleas of nolo contendere treated as a plea of guilty

Crime
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Colvin
Last action
2026-04-15
Official status
Enacted
Effective date
2026-10-01

Plain English Breakdown

The candidate explanation includes details that are not explicitly supported by the official source material.

Habitual Offender Law Changes

This law changes how certain pleas are treated for habitual offenders, making them count the same as a guilty plea unless they have been expunged.

What This Bill Does

  • Changes the definition of 'convicted' to include any conviction from Alabama or other states.
  • Requires that pleas like nolo contendere (no contest), no contest, best interests plea, and Alford plea are treated as guilty pleas unless they have been expunged.

Who It Names or Affects

  • People who have committed felonies in Alabama or other states.
  • Courts that handle criminal cases involving habitual offenders.

Terms To Know

Nolo contendere
A plea where a defendant does not admit guilt but accepts punishment without admitting the crime was committed.
Expunged
When criminal records are erased or sealed, making them unavailable to the public.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The law only applies to convictions and pleas after October 1, 2026.
  • It does not change how past cases were handled before this date.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

L5NDPAW-1

R 356

Adopted

Plain English: L5NDPAW-1 02/04/2026 CMH (H) HSE 2026-225 House Judiciary Reported Substitute for HB226 Page 1 A BILL TO BE ENTITLED AN ACT Relating to crimes and offenses; to amend Section 13A-5-9, Code of Alabama 1975, to further provide for the meaning of nolo contendere pleas for purposes of the habitual offender law.

  • L5NDPAW-1 02/04/2026 CMH (H) HSE 2026-225 House Judiciary Reported Substitute for HB226 Page 1 A BILL TO BE ENTITLED AN ACT Relating to crimes and offenses; to amend Section 13A-5-9, Code of Alabama 1975, to further provide for the meaning of nolo contendere pleas for purposes of the habitual offender law.
  • BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA: Section 1.
  • Section 13A-5-9, Code of Alabama 1975, is amended to read as follows: "§13A-5-9 (a) In all cases when it is shown that a criminal defendant has been previously convicted of a Class A, Class B, or Class C felony and after the conviction has committed another Class A, Class B, or Class C felony, he or she must be punished as follows: (1) On conviction of a Class C felony, he or she must be punished for a Class B felony.
  • (2) On conviction of a Class B felony, he or she must be punished for a Class A felony.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.
5V7LRMM-1

R 357

Adopted

Plain English: 5V7LRMM-1 : 2/10/2026 : JC 1ST ROBBINS AMENDMENT TO HB226 OFFERED BY REPRESENTATIVE ROBBINS Page 1 Replace line 77 on page 3 with the following: guilty unless any of the foregoing pleas has been expunged.

  • 5V7LRMM-1 : 2/10/2026 : JC 1ST ROBBINS AMENDMENT TO HB226 OFFERED BY REPRESENTATIVE ROBBINS Page 1 Replace line 77 on page 3 with the following: guilty unless any of the foregoing pleas has been expunged.
  • " 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-15 House

    Enacted

  2. 2026-04-09 Senate

    Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass - Adopted Roll Call 1322 (Yeas 33, Nays 0)

  3. 2026-04-09 House

    Delivered to Governor

  4. 2026-04-09 Senate

    Signature Requested

  5. 2026-04-09 House

    Enrolled

  6. 2026-04-09 House

    Ready to Enroll

  7. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar

  8. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Reported Out of Committee Second House

  9. 2026-02-10 House

    Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass as Amended - Adopted Roll Call 358 (Yeas 105, Nays 0)

  10. 2026-02-10 House

    Motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 357 (Yeas 105, Nays 0)

  11. 2026-02-10 House

    Motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 356 (Yeas 103, Nays 0)

  12. 2026-02-10 House

    Third Reading in House of Origin (Yeas 101, Nays 0)

  13. 2026-02-10 Senate

    Pending Committee Action in Second House

  14. 2026-02-10 Senate

    Read for the first time and referred to the Senate Committee on Judiciary

  15. 2026-02-10 House

    Engrossed

  16. 2026-02-10 House

    Robbins 1st Amendment Offered

  17. 2026-02-10 House

    Judiciary Engrossed Substitute Offered

  18. 2026-02-05 House

    Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar

  19. 2026-02-04 House

    Reported Out of Committee House of Origin

  20. 2026-01-14 House

    Pending Committee Action in House of Origin

  21. 2026-01-14 House

    Read for the first time and referred to the House Committee on Judiciary

Official Summary Text

This act amends Section 13A-5-9, Code of Alabama 1975, for purposes of the habitual offender law, to: (1) provide "convicted" includes a conviction from this state or out of this state; and (2) require treating a plea of nolo contendere, plea of no contest, a best interests plea, or an Alford plea in the same manner as a conviction based on a plea of guilty unless any of these pleas have been expunged.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
HB226 ENROLLED
Page 0
HB226
L5NDPAW-3
By Representatives Colvin, Faulkner, Simpson
RFD: Judiciary
First Read: 14-Jan-26
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HB226 Enrolled
Page 1
First Read: 14-Jan-26
Enrolled, An Act,
Relating to crimes and offenses; to amend Section
13A-5-9, Code of Alabama 1975, to further provide for the
meaning of nolo contendere pleas for purposes of the habitual
offender law.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA:
Section 1. Section 13A-5-9, Code of Alabama 1975, is
amended to read as follows:
"§13A-5-9
(a) In all cases when it is shown that a criminal
defendant has been previously convicted of a Class A, Class B,
or Class C felony and after the conviction has committed
another Class A, Class B, or Class C felony, he or she must be
punished as follows:
(1) On conviction of a Class C felony, he or she must
be punished for a Class B felony.
(2) On conviction of a Class B felony, he or she must
be punished for a Class A felony.
(3) On conviction of a Class A felony, he or she must
be punished by imprisonment for life or for any term of not
more than 99 years but not less than 15 years.
(b) In all cases when it is shown that a criminal
defendant has been previously convicted of any two felonies
that are Class A, Class B, or Class C felonies and after such
convictions has committed another Class A, Class B, or Class C
felony, he or she must be punished as follows:
(1) On conviction of a Class C felony, he or she must
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HB226 Enrolled
Page 2
(1) On conviction of a Class C felony, he or she must
be punished for a Class A felony.
(2) On conviction of a Class B felony, he or she must
be punished by imprisonment for life or for any term of not
more than 99 years but not less than 15 years.
(3) On conviction of a Class A felony, he or she must
be punished by imprisonment for life or for any term of not
less than 99 years.
(c) In all cases when it is shown that a criminal
defendant has been previously convicted of any three felonies
that are Class A, Class B, or Class C felonies and after such
convictions has committed another Class A, Class B, or Class C
felony, he or she must be punished as follows:
(1) On conviction of a Class C felony, he or she must
be punished by imprisonment for life or for any term of not
more than 99 years but not less than 15 years.
(2) On conviction of a Class B felony, he or she must
be punished by imprisonment for life or any term of not less
than 20 years.
(3) On conviction of a Class A felony, where the
defendant has no prior convictions for any Class A felony, he
or she must be punished by imprisonment for life or life
without the possibility of parole, in the discretion of the
trial court.
(4) On conviction of a Class A felony, where the
defendant has one or more prior convictions for any Class A
felony, he or she must be punished by imprisonment for life
without the possibility of parole.
(d) In all cases when it is shown that a criminal
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HB226 Enrolled
Page 3
(d) In all cases when it is shown that a criminal
defendant has been previously convicted of any two or more
felonies that are Class A or Class B felonies and after such
convictions has committed a Class D felony, upon conviction,
he or she must be punished for a Class C felony.
(e) In all cases when it is shown that a criminal
defendant has been previously convicted of any three or more
felonies and after such convictions has committed a Class D
felony, upon conviction, he or she must be punished for a
Class C felony.
(f) For purposes of this section, "convicted" includes
any conviction from this state or out of this state, and a
conviction based on a plea of nolo contendere, a plea of no
contest, a best interests plea, or an Alford plea shall be
treated in the same manner as a conviction based on a plea of
guilty unless any of the foregoing pleas has been expunged. "
Section 2. This act shall become effective on October
1, 2026.
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HB226 Enrolled
Page 4
1, 2026.
________________________________________________
Speaker of the House of Representatives
________________________________________________
President and Presiding Officer of the Senate
House of Representatives
I hereby certify that the within Act originated in and
was passed by the House 10-Feb-26.
John Treadwell
Clerk
Senate 09-Apr-26 Passed
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