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SB178 • 2026

Trusts; amend Uniform Principal and Income Act, permit trustee to adjust between principal and income

Trusts; amend Uniform Principal and Income Act, permit trustee to adjust between principal and income

Elections
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Barfoot
Last action
2026-04-15
Official status
Enacted
Effective date
2026-10-01

Plain English Breakdown

The official source material does not provide specific details about factors trustees must consider when deciding to exercise their adjustment powers or detailed limitations on adjustments affecting tax benefits, fixed annuities, and charitable purposes.

Trusts; Allow Trustees to Adjust Between Principal and Income

This act amends the Uniform Principal and Income Act to allow trustees more flexibility in managing trust assets by adjusting between principal and income without needing specific permission from the trust terms.

What This Bill Does

  • Allows trustees to adjust receipts and disbursements between a trust's principal and income if they meet certain criteria, even if the trust does not explicitly give this power.
  • Removes the option for trustees or beneficiaries to seek court approval or make an affirmative election to be governed by these new rules prospectively.
  • Specifies that any terms in a trust that limit a trustee’s ability to adjust between principal and income only apply if it is clear from the trust's language that this power should be denied.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Trustees who manage trusts in Alabama
  • Beneficiaries of trusts

Terms To Know

Principal
The main part of a trust, usually the original investment or property.
Income
Earnings from investments or other sources within a trust that are typically distributed to beneficiaries.

Limits and Unknowns

  • Does not specify how often trustees can make adjustments between principal and income.
  • The effectiveness of the act depends on clear communication in trust documents about limiting adjustment powers.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-15 Senate

    Enacted

  2. 2026-04-08 House

    Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass - Adopted Roll Call 1299 (Yeas 103, Nays 0)

  3. 2026-04-08 House

    Third Reading in Second House (Yeas 102, Nays 0)

  4. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Delivered to Governor

  5. 2026-04-08 House

    Signature Requested

  6. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Enrolled

  7. 2026-04-08 Senate

    Ready to Enroll

  8. 2026-04-01 House

    Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar

  9. 2026-04-01 House

    Reported Out of Committee Second House

  10. 2026-03-19 House

    Pending Committee Action in Second House

  11. 2026-03-19 House

    Read for the first time and referred to the House Committee on Judiciary

  12. 2026-03-17 Senate

    Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass - Adopted Roll Call 934 (Yeas 27, Nays 0)

  13. 2026-03-17 Senate

    Third Reading in House of Origin (Yeas 27, Nays 0)

  14. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar

  15. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Reported Out of Committee House of Origin

  16. 2026-01-20 Senate

    Pending Committee Action in House of Origin

  17. 2026-01-20 Senate

    Read for the first time and referred to the Senate Committee on Judiciary

Official Summary Text

This act amends Section 19-3A-104, Code of Alabama 1975, to: (1) authorize trustees who satisfy certain criteria to adjust receipts and disbursements between a trust's principal and income, notwithstanding express authorization of such by the trust's terms; (2) remove the ability of a trustee or beneficiary to seek court approval, or affirmatively elect, to be governed by this section prospectively; and (3) provide that a trust's terms that limit trustees from adjusting between trust principal and income only govern if the intent to limit such power is clear.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
SB178 ENROLLED
Page 0
SB178
U9E1VXG-2
By Senator Barfoot
RFD: Judiciary
First Read: 20-Jan-26
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SB178 Enrolled
Page 1
First Read: 20-Jan-26
Enrolled, An Act,
Relating to trusts; to amend Section 19-3A-104, Code of
Alabama 1975, to permit trustees to adjust trust receipts and
disbursements between principal and income without express
authority of the terms of the trust instrument; and to make
nonsubstantive, technical revisions to update the existing
code language to current style.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF ALABAMA:
Section 1. Section 19-3A-104, Code of Alabama 1975, is
amended to read as follows:
"§19-3A-104
(a) A trustee may If the terms of the trust expressly
provide by specific reference to this section, then a trustee
may have the power to adjust receipts and disbursements
between principal and income to the extent the trustee
considers necessary if (1): (i) the trustee invests and
manages trust assets as a prudent investor; (2)(ii) the terms
of the trust describe the amount that may or must be
distributed to a beneficiary by referring to the trust's
income ,; and (3)(iii) the trustee determines, after applying
the rules in Section 19-3A-103(a), that the trustee is unable
to comply with Section 19-3A-103(b).
(b) In deciding whether and to what extent to exercise
the power conferred by subsection (a), a trustee shall
consider all factors relevant to the trust and its
beneficiaries, including, but not limited to:
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beneficiaries, including, but not limited to:
(1) The nature, purpose, and expected duration of the
trust;
(2) The intent of the settlor;
(3) The identity and circumstances of the
beneficiaries;
(4) The needs for liquidity for the trust;
(5) The regularity of income to the trust;
(6) The need for preservation and appreciation of
capital;
(7) The nature of the assets held in the trust and the
extent to which they consist of financial assets, interests in
closely held enterprises, tangible and intangible personal
property, or real property;
(8) The extent to which an asset is used by a
beneficiary;
(9) Whether an asset was purchased by the trustee or
received from the settlor;
(10) The net amount allocated to income under the other
sections of this chapter and the increase or decrease in the
value of the principal assets, which the trustee may estimate
as to assets for which market values are not readily
available;
(11) Whether and to what extent the terms of the trust
a.: (i) give the trustee the power to invade principal or
accumulate income , or b. ; or (ii) prohibit the trustee from
invading principal or accumulating income;
(12) The extent to which the trustee has exercised a
power from time to time to invade principal or accumulate
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power from time to time to invade principal or accumulate
income;
(13) The actual and anticipated effect of economic
conditions, inflation, and deflation upon principal and
income; and
(14) The anticipated income and transfer tax
consequences of an adjustment.
(c) Notwithstanding the power conferred by subsection
(a), a trustee may not make an adjustment:
(1) That diminishes the income interest in a trust that
requires all of the income to be paid at least annually to a
spouse and for which an estate tax or gift tax marital
deduction would be allowed, in whole or in part, if the
trustee did not have the power to make the adjustment;
(2) That reduces the actuarial value of the income
interest in a trust to which a person transfers property with
the intent to qualify the transfer for a gift tax exclusion;
(3) That changes the amount payable to a beneficiary as
a fixed annuity or a fixed fraction of the value of the trust
assets;
(4) That changes the amount that is permanently set
aside for charitable purposes under a will or the terms of a
trust, unless both income and principal are so set aside;
(5) If possessing or exercising the power to make an
adjustment causes an individual to be treated as the owner of
all or part of the trust for income tax purposes, and the
individual would not be treated as the owner if the trustee
did not possess the power to make an adjustment;
(6) If possessing or exercising the power to make an
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(6) If possessing or exercising the power to make an
adjustment causes all or part of the trust assets to be
included for estate tax purposes in the estate of an
individual who has the power to remove a trustee or appoint a
trustee, or both, and the assets would not be included in the
estate of the individual if the trustee did not possess the
power to make an adjustment;
(7) If the trustee is not a beneficiary, but the
adjustment would benefit the trustee directly or indirectly;
(8) If the trustee is a beneficiary of the trust; or
(9) If the trust is an express unitrust under Section
19-3A-105 (relating to express unitrusts) or is a unitrust by
reason of a conversion under Section 19-3A-106 (relating to
power to convert to unitrust) .
(d) If subsection subdivision (c)(5), subsection
(c)(6), subsection (c)(7), or subsection (c)(8) applies to a
trustee and there is more than one trustee, then the
co-trustee to whom the provision does not apply may make the
adjustment, unless the exercise of the power by the remaining
trustee or trustees is not permitted by the terms of the
trust.
(e) A trustee may release the entire power conferred by
subsection (a) or may release only the power to adjust from
income to principal or the power to adjust from principal to
income if the trustee is uncertain about whether possessing or
exercising the power will cause a result described in
subsection subdivisions (c)(1) through subsection (c)(7) or if
the trustee determines that possessing or exercising the power
will or may deprive the trust of a tax benefit or impose a tax
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will or may deprive the trust of a tax benefit or impose a tax
burden not described in subsection (c). The release may be
permanent or for a specified period, including a period
measured by the life of an individual.
(f) The trustee or any beneficiary of a trust covered
by this chapter (or a trust to be created from a decedent's
estate that is covered by this chapter) (1) may seek approval
from a court of competent jurisdiction to be governed
prospectively by this section, or (2) may at any time
affirmatively elect to be governed prospectively by this
section by obtaining the written consent of all of the current
income beneficiaries and the presumptive remainder
beneficiaries of the trust, and such written consent shall
conclusively bind all persons who may have any interest in the
affected trust, including all contingent remainder
beneficiaries and potential appointees of the trust. Terms of
a trust which limit the power of a trustee to make an
adjustment between principal and income do not affect the
application of this section unless it is clear from the terms
of the trust that the terms are intended to deny the trustee
the power of adjustment conferred by subsection (a). "
Section 2. This act shall become effective on October
1, 2026.
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1, 2026.
________________________________________________
President and Presiding Officer of the Senate
________________________________________________
Speaker of the House of Representatives
SB178
Senate 17-Mar-26
I hereby certify that the within Act originated in and passed
the Senate.
Patrick Harris,
Secretary.
House of Representatives
Passed: 08-Apr-26
By: Senator Barfoot
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