Read the full stored bill text
Enrolled SB 133
LAWS OF ALASKA
2025
Source Chapter No.
CSSB 133(L&C) _______
AN ACT
Relating to prior authorization requests for medical care cover ed by a health care insurer;
relating to a prior authorization application programming inter face; relating to step therapy;
and providing for an effective date.
_______________
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF ALASKA:
THE ACT FOLLOWS ON PAGE 1
-1- Enrolled SB 133
AN ACT
Relating to prior authorization requests for medical care cover ed by a health care insurer; 1
relating to a prior authorization application programming inter face; relating to step therapy; 2
and providing for an effective date. 3
_______________ 4
* Section 1. AS 21.07.080 is amended to read: 5
Sec. 21.07.080. Religious nonmedical providers. AS 21.07.005 - 21.07.090 6
[THIS CHAPTER] may not be construed to 7
(1) restrict or limit the right of a health care insurer to in clude services 8
provided by a religious nonmedical provider as medical care ser vices covered by the 9
health care insurance policy; 10
( 2 ) r e q u i r e a h e a l t h c a r e i n s u r er, when determining coverage f or 11
services provided by a religious nonmedical provider, to 12
(A) apply medically based eligibility standards; 13
(B) use health care providers to determine access by a covered 14
Enrolled SB 133 -2-
person; 1
(C) use health care providers in making a decision on an 2
internal or external appeal; or 3
(D) require a covered person to be examined by a health care 4
provider as a condition of coverage; or 5
(3) require a health care insurance policy to exclude coverage for 6
services provided by a religious nonmedical provider because th e religious 7
nonmedical provider is not providing medical or other data required from a health care 8
provider if the medical or other data is inconsistent with the religious nonmedical 9
treatment or nursing care being provided. 10
* Sec. 2. AS 21.07 is amended by adding new sections to read: 11
Article 2. Prior Authorizations. 12
Sec. 21.07.100. Prior authorization requests. (a) A health care insurer 13
offering a health plan issued or renewed on or after January 1, 2027, shall designate a 14
prior authorization process that complies with the standards for prior authorizations for 15
medical care and prescription drugs in AS 21.07.100 - 21.07.180 . The process must be 16
reasonable and efficient and minimize administrative burdens on health care providers 17
and facilities. 18
(b) If a health care provider submits a prior authorization re quest that contains 19
the information necessary to make a determination, a health car e insurer shall make a 20
determination and notify the provider of the decision within 21
(1) 72 hours after receiving a standard request submitted by a method 22
other than facsimile; 23
(2) 72 hours, excluding weekends , after receiving a standard r equest 24
submitted by facsimile; or 25
(3) 24 hours after receiving an expedited request. 26
(c) If a health care provider submits a prior authorization re quest that does not 27
contain the information necessa ry to make a determination, the health care insurer 28
shall request specific additiona l information from the covered person's health care 29
provider within 30
(1) one calendar day after receiving an expedited request; or 31
-3- Enrolled SB 133
(2) three calendar days after receiving a standard request. 1
(d) If a health care insurer determines that the information p rovided by a 2
health care provider is not sufficient to make a determination under (b) of this section, 3
the health care insurer may requ est additional information. The health care insurer 4
may establish a due date of not less than five nor more than 14 working days after 5
receiving the prior authorization request by which the addition al information must be 6
submitted. The health care insurer must notify the health care provider and covered 7
person of the due date along with the request for additional in formation and specify 8
the additional information needed to complete the request. 9
(e) A health care insurer that receives a prior authorization request from a 10
health care provider shall provi de to the health care provider confirmation of receipt 11
that shows the date and time the request was received by the health care insurer. 12
(f) A prior authorization request submitted under this section is considered 13
approved if the health care insurer fails to provide a written denial, approval, or 14
request for additional information within the time specified under this section. 15
Sec. 21.07.110. Prior authorization standards. (a) A health care insurer shall 16
make its most current prior author ization standards available t o a covered person and 17
health care provider on the health care insurer's Internet webs ite, including 18
information or documentation to b e submitted by the covered per son or health care 19
provider or facility. If the health care insurer provides a por tal, the insurer shall also 20
make the prior authorization st andards available on the portal. A health care insurer 21
shall describe the standards in detailed, easily understood language. 22
(b) A health care insurer's prior authorization standards must include prior 23
authorization requirements used b y the insurer and by the insur er's utilization review 24
organizations. The prior authoriz ation requirements must be bas ed on peer-reviewed, 25
evidence-based clinical review criteria and be consistently app lied by all sources, 26
including utilization review organizations, to avoid discrepanc ies or conflicts. The 27
health care insurer shall eval uate and, if necessary, update th e clinical review criteria 28
at least annually. 29
(c) If the prior authorizati on standards published by the heal th care insurer 30
differ from those published by the health care insurer's utiliz ation review organization, 31
Enrolled SB 133 -4-
the health care insurer shall use the prior authorization stand ard most favorable to the 1
covered person. 2
(d) A health care insurer shall indicate on its Internet websi te, for each service 3
subject to prior authorization, 4
( 1 ) w h e t h e r a s t a n d a r d i z e d e l e c tronic prior authorization requ est 5
transaction process is available; and 6
(2) the date the prior authorization requirement 7
(A) became effective for a policy issued or delivered in this 8
state; and 9
(B) was first listed on the health care insurer's Internet website. 10
Sec. 21.07.120. Peer review of prior authorization request. (a) A health care 11
insurer shall establish a process for a health care provider to r e q u e s t a c l i n i c a l p e e r 12
review of a prior authorization request. 13
(b) A peer reviewer must have relevant clinical expertise in t he specialty area 14
or be of an equivalent specialty as the health care provider su bmitting the prior 15
authorization request. A peer reviewer shall attest, in writing or electronically, that the 16
reviewer has personally reviewed and considered all medical not es and relevant 17
clinical information submitted as part of the prior authorization request. 18
(c) A health care insurer shall provide to a health care provi der at the 19
provider's request the qualifica tions of a peer reviewer issuin g an adverse decision on 20
a prior authorization request, including the specialty and rele vant board certifications 21
of the peer reviewer. 22
Sec. 21.07.130. Period of validity of prior authorization. ( a ) A p r i o r 23
authorization for a chronic cond ition is valid for a period of not less than 12 months 24
while the covered person remains covered by the health care pol icy. If the treatment 25
plan for a chronic condition is unchanged and the covered perso n's health care 26
provider submits to the health care insurer certification of co mpliance with the current 27
treatment plan, the health care insurer shall automatically ren ew the prior 28
authorization approval for the chronic condition for an additional 12-month period. 29
(b) Except for a prior authorization for a chronic condition s ubject to (a) of 30
this section, a prior authorization is valid for a period of 90 calendar days or a duration 31
-5- Enrolled SB 133
that is clinically appropriate, whichever is longer. If a healt h care insurer intends to 1
implement a new prior authoriza tion requirement or restriction, or amend an existing 2
requirement or restriction, the health care insurer shall provi de a participating health 3
care provider written notice of the new or amended requirement or restriction not less 4
than 60 days before the requirement or restriction is implement ed. The health care 5
insurer shall post notice on the health care insurer's public f acing, accessible Internet 6
website not less than 60 days bef ore implementation of the requ irement or restriction. 7
If a health care provider agrees in advance to receive notices electronically, the written 8
notice may be provided in an electronic format. The health care insurer may not 9
implement a new or amended requirement until the Internet websites of both the health 10
care insurer and the utilization review organization have been updated to reflect the 11
new or amended requirement or restriction. 12
Sec. 21.07.140. Adverse determinations. If a health care insurer makes an 13
adverse prior authorization dete rmination, the health care insu rer shall notify the 14
covered person and the covered person's health care provider and provide each 15
( 1 ) a c l e a r e x p l a n a t i o n o f t h e reasons for the adverse determi nation, 16
including the specific evidence-based reasons and criteria used to make the 17
determination and a description of any specific missing or insufficient information that 18
contributed to the adverse determination; 19
(2) a statement of the covered person's right to appeal the ad verse 20
determination; 21
(3) instructions on how to file an appeal, including a clear e xplanation 22
of the appeals process, the appeal timeline, and the direct tel ephone number and 23
electronic and physical mailing addresses for appeals. 24
Sec. 21.07.150. Prior authorization application programming interface. A 25
health care insurer shall maintain a prior authorization applic ation programming 26
interface that automates the process for health care providers to determine whether a 27
prior authorization is required for medical care, identify prio r authorization 28
information and documentation requirements, and facilitate the exchange of prior 29
authorization requests and determinations from its electronic health records or practice 30
management system. The application programming interface must b e consistent with 31
Enrolled SB 133 -6-
the technical standards and implementation dates established in t h e C e n t e r s f o r 1
Medicare and Medicaid Services rules on interoperability and pa tient access. The 2
application programming interfac e must support the exchange of prior authorization 3
requests and determinations for m edical care and prescription d rugs, including 4
information on covered alterna tive prescription drugs. The appl ication programming 5
interface must indicate that a p rior authorization denial, an a uthorization of medical 6
care less intensive than the medical care included in the origi nal request, or an 7
authorization of a prescription drug other than the one include d in the original prior 8
authorization request is an adver se benefit determination and i s subject to the health 9
care insurer's grievance and appeal process under AS 21.07.005. 10
Sec. 21.07.160. Step therapy restr ictions and exceptions. (a) A health care 11
insurer that provides coverage under a health care insurance policy for the treatment of 12
Stage 4 advanced metastatic cancer may not limit or exclude coverage under the health 13
benefit plan for a drug that is approved by the United States F ood and Drug 14
Administration and that is on the insurer's prescription drug f ormulary by mandating 15
that a covered person with Stage 4 advanced metastatic cancer u ndergo step therapy if 16
the use of the approved drug is an approved indication by the U nited States Food and 17
Drug Administration or on the National Comprehensive Cancer Net work Drugs and 18
Biologics Compendium as an indi cation for the treatment of Stag e 4 advanced 19
metastatic cancer consistent with Category 1 or Category 2A of evidence and 20
consensus or peer-reviewed medical literature. 21
(b) If coverage of a prescription drug for the treatment of an y medical 22
condition is restricted by a health care insurer or utilization review organization 23
because of a step therapy protocol, the health care insurer or utilization review 24
organization must provide a cove red person and the covered pers on's health care 25
provider with access to a clear, convenient, and readily access ible process for 26
requesting an exception to appli cation of the step therapy prot ocol. A health care 27
insurer or utilization review organization may use its existing medical exceptions 28
process to satisfy this requireme nt. The health care insurer or utilization review 29
organization shall disclose the process to the covered person a nd the covered person's 30
health care provider, along with the information needed to proc ess the request, and 31
-7- Enrolled SB 133
make the process available on the health care insurer's Internet website for the plan. 1
(c) A health care insurer or utilization review organization s hall grant a step 2
therapy exception under this sec tion if the covered person has tried the prescription 3
drugs required under the step therapy protocol while under a current or previous health 4
care insurance policy or health benefit plan, including a health care insurance policy or 5
health benefit plan offered by a different insurer or payor, an d the prescription drugs 6
were discontinued because of lack of efficacy or effectiveness, diminished effect, or 7
an adverse event or if the covered person's health care provider attests that coverage of 8
the prescribed prescription drug is necessary to save the life of the covered person. 9
Use of drug samples from a pharmacy may not be considered trial a n d f a i l u r e o f a 10
preferred prescription drug required under a step therapy protocol. 11
(d) The health care insurer or utilization review organization may request 12
relevant information from the c overed person or the covered per son's health care 13
provider to support a step therapy exception request made under this section. Upon 14
granting a step therapy exception request, the health care insu rer or utilization review 15
organization shall authorize di spensation of and coverage for t he prescription drug 16
prescribed by the covered person 's health care provider if the drug is a covered drug 17
under the health care insurance policy. 18
(e) This section may not be construed to prevent a 19
(1) health care insurer or utilization review organization from requiring 20
a covered person to try a generic equivalent or other brand nam e drug before 21
providing coverage for the requested prescription drug; or 22
(2) health care provider from prescribing a prescription drug that the 23
provider determines is medically appropriate. 24
Sec. 21.07.170. Annual report. A health care insurer shall submit an annual 25
report to the director, on a form prescribed by the director, d etailing compliance with 26
the requirements of AS 21.07.100 - 21.07.180. The report must include 27
(1) documentation of compliance with prior authorization respo nse 28
times and other prior authorization requirements; 29
(2) evidence of transparency and accessibility of prior author ization 30
requirements and clinical review criteria; 31
Enrolled SB 133 -8-
(3) information on the implement ation and functioning of any p rior 1
authorization application programming interfaces; 2
( 4 ) r e c o r d s o f a n y p r i o r a u t h o r i zation denials and the associa ted 3
appeals process, including the number of prior authorization ap provals and denials, 4
reasons for denials, number of appeals, appeal outcomes, and, for the insurer's 20 most 5
frequently billed codes, average approval times by diagnosis co de and demographic 6
information of the covered persons; 7
(5) any other information required by the director. 8
Sec. 21.07.180. Compliance and enforcement. (a) The director shall monitor 9
compliance with the provisions of AS 21.07.100 - 21.07.180. 10
(b) The director shall conduct ex aminations of health care ins urers in 11
accordance with AS 21.06.120 - 21.06.230 to ensure compliance w ith AS 21.07.100 - 12
21.07.180. At least once every two years, the director shall co nduct the examinations, 13
which may include reviewing 14
(1) prior authorization respons e times and adherence to specif ied time 15
frames; 16
(2) accuracy and completeness of prior authorization requirements and 17
restrictions published on the Internet website of the health care insurer; and 18
(3) consistency of prior author ization practices by all vendor s, 19
utilization review organizations, and third-party contractors. 20
(c) If a health care insurer does not comply with AS 21.07.100 - 21.07.180, 21
the director may impose penalties, including a penalty for each instance of 22
noncompliance, an order to rectify deficiencies within a specif ied time frame, or, for 23
persistent or severe violations, suspension or revocation of th e health care insurer's 24
certificate of authority. The director shall impose penalties b ased on the nature and 25
severity of the noncompliance, w ith consideration given to the health care insurer's 26
history of adherence to the requirements of AS 21.07.100 - 21.0 7.180 and efforts to 27
remedy violations. 28
(d) The director shall adopt reg ulations establishing penaltie s for 29
noncompliance with AS 21.07.100 - 21.07.180. The civil penalty for a single instance 30
of noncompliance may not exceed $25,000. 31
-9- Enrolled SB 133
* Sec. 3. AS 21.07.250 is amended by adding new paragraphs to read: 1
(15) "chronic condition" means a medical condition or disease 2
expected to last at least 12 mont hs or expected to persist over the lifetime of an 3
individual, requiring ongoing med ical care to manage symptoms o r prevent 4
progression; 5
(16) "covered person" means a policyholder, subscriber, enroll ee, or 6
other individual participating in a health care insurance policy; 7
(17) "expedited request" means a request by a health care prov ider for 8
approval of medical care or a prescription drug when the covered person is undergoing 9
a current course of treatment using a nonformulary drug or for which the passage of 10
time 11
(A) could jeopardize the life or health of the covered person; 12
(B) could jeopardize the ability of a covered person to regain 13
maximum function; or 14
(C) would, as determined by a health care provider with 15
knowledge of the covered person 's medical condition, subject th e covered 16
person to severe pain that cannot be adequately managed without the medical 17
care or prescription drug that is the subject of the request; 18
(18) "prior authorization" means the process used by a health care 19
insurer to determine the medical necessity or medical appropria teness of covered 20
medical care before the medical care is provided; 21
(19) "standard request" means a request by a health care provi der for 22
approval of medical care or a pre scription drug for which the r equest is made in 23
advance of the covered person's obtaining medical care or a pre scription drug that is 24
not required to be expedited; 25
(20) "step therapy protocol" means a protocol, policy, or prog ram used 26
by a health care insurer or utilization review organization tha t establishes which 27
prescription drugs are medically appropriate for a particular c overed person and the 28
specific sequence in which the p rescription drugs should be adm inistered for a 29
specified medical condition, whethe r by self-administration or administration by a 30
health care provider, under a pharmacy or medical benefit of a health care insurance 31
Enrolled SB 133 -10-
plan; 1
(21) "utilization review organization" means an entity, other than a 2
health care insurer performing utilization review for the healt h care insurer's own 3
health insurance policy, that conducts any part of utilization review. 4
* Sec. 4. The uncodified law of the State of Alaska is amended by adding a new section to 5
read: 6
TRANSITION: REGULATIONS. The director of the division of insurance may adopt 7
regulations necessary to implement this Act. The regulations ta ke effect under AS 44.62 8
(Administrative Procedure Act), but not before the effective da te of the law implemented by 9
the regulation. 10
* Sec. 5. Section 4 of this Act takes effect immediately under AS 01.10.070(c). 11
* Sec. 6. Except as provided in sec. 5 of this Act, this Act takes effect January 1, 2027. 12