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SB1099 • 2026

gender transition procedures; informed consent

SB1099 - (NOW: defamation; elements)

Elections Labor
Passed Legislature

This bill passed both chambers and reached final enrollment, even if later executive action is not shown here.

Sponsor
Frank Carroll, Hildy Angius, David Gowan, Kevin Payne, Janae Shamp, Beverly Pingerelli
Last action
2026-04-02
Official status
House committee of the whole
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The bill's summary and text do not provide information on how existing defamation cases will be affected.

Defamation Law Changes

This bill changes Arizona's defamation laws to define when someone can be sued for saying false and harmful things about another person.

What This Bill Does

  • Defines what it means to commit defamation if the plaintiff is a private figure, the matter is of private concern, and the statement is provable as false, reasonably perceived as stating actual facts, made with knowledge or reckless disregard of its falsity, and injures the plaintiff's reputation.
  • Explains that a private figure can sue for defamation if the statement is known to be false, acted upon with reckless disregard of its falsity, and causes harm to their reputation when examined within context.
  • States that a public figure can also sue for defamation under similar conditions but requires stricter proof requirements.
  • Sets a one-year time limit for filing a lawsuit after removing a defamatory online post from the internet site or platform where it was originally published.

Who It Names or Affects

  • People who might be sued or who want to sue others for defamation in Arizona.
  • Internet users and website owners where defamatory content may appear.

Terms To Know

Defamation
Saying false things about someone that harm their reputation.
Private figure
A person who is not a public figure and whose personal matters are usually private.
Internet-based platform
Online services like social media, content sharing sites, or cloud storage where users can interact and share information.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify what happens if the defamatory statement is not removed from an internet site.
  • It's unclear how this law will affect existing defamation cases in Arizona.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

Plain English: NM/NP 2/23/2026 (602) 926-3848 ARIZONA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FLOOR AMENDMENT EXPLANATION 57th Legislature, 2nd Regular Session Majority Research Staff SB 1099: NOW: defamation; elements NGUYEN FLOOR AMENDMENT 1.

  • NM/NP 2/23/2026 (602) 926-3848 ARIZONA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FLOOR AMENDMENT EXPLANATION 57th Legislature, 2nd Regular Session Majority Research Staff SB 1099: NOW: defamation; elements NGUYEN FLOOR AMENDMENT 1.
  • Stipulates that a statement that is published on the internet is considered republished each day that the statement remains on the internet.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Plain English: Fifty-seventh Legislature Judiciary and Elections Second Regular Session S.B.

  • Fifty-seventh Legislature Judiciary and Elections Second Regular Session S.B.
  • 1099 PROPOSED SENATE AMENDMENTS TO S.B.
  • 1099 (Reference to printed bill) Strike everything after the enacting clause and insert: 1 "Section 1.
  • Title 12, chapter 6, article 6, Arizona Revised 2 Statutes, is amended by adding section 12-651.01, to read: 3 12-651.01.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Plain English: Fifty-seventh Legislature Judiciary and Elections Second Regular Session S.B.

  • Fifty-seventh Legislature Judiciary and Elections Second Regular Session S.B.
  • 1099 COMMITTEE ON JUDICIARY AND ELECTIONS SENATE AMENDMENTS TO S.B.
  • 1099 (Reference to printed bill) Strike everything after the enacting clause and insert: 1 "Section 1.
  • Title 12, chapter 6, article 6, Arizona Revised 2 Statutes, is amended by adding section 12-651.01, to read: 3 12-651.01.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Plain English: Amendment explanation prepared by Zack Dean 2/25/2026 Bill Number: S.B.

  • Amendment explanation prepared by Zack Dean 2/25/2026 Bill Number: S.B.
  • 1099 Petersen Floor Amendment Reference to: JUDICIARY AND ELECTIONS S/E Committee Amendment Amendment drafted by: Zack Dean FLOOR AMENDMENT EXPLANATION 1.
  • Requires a defamation action involving a defamatory statement that is published on the internet to be commenced within one year of the date that the person removes the defamatory statement from the internet site or internet-based platform where the person originally published the defamatory statement.
  • 2.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-02 House

    House committee of the whole

  2. 2026-03-17 House

    House minority caucus

  3. 2026-03-17 House

    House majority caucus

  4. 2026-03-16 House

    House consent calendar

  5. 2026-03-05 House

    House second read

  6. 2026-03-04 House

    House Rules: C&P

  7. 2026-03-04 House

    House Judiciary: DP

  8. 2026-03-04 House

    House first read

  9. 2026-02-27 House

    Transmitted to House

  10. 2026-02-26 Senate

    Senate third read passed

  11. 2026-02-26 Senate

    Senate committee of the whole

  12. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Senate minority caucus

  13. 2026-02-25 Senate

    Senate majority caucus

  14. 2026-01-14 Senate

    Senate second read

  15. 2026-01-12 Senate

    Senate Rules: PFC

  16. 2026-01-12 Senate

    Senate Judiciary and Elections: DPA/SE

  17. 2026-01-12 Senate

    Senate Regulatory Affairs and Government Efficiency: W/D

  18. 2026-01-12 Senate

    Senate first read

Official Summary Text

SB1099 - 572R - Senate Fact Sheet

Assigned to
JUDE������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ AS
PASSED BY COW

ARIZONA STATE SENATE

Fifty-Seventh
Legislature, Second Regular Session

AMENDED

FACT SHEET FOR
S.B. 1099

gender
transition procedures; informed consent

(
NOW: defamation; elements; review
)

Purpose

����������� Establishes
statutory criteria for determining when a person commits an act of defamation.

Background

����������� The
owner, licensee or operator of a visual or sound radio broadcasting station, or
affiliated agents and employees, are not liable for damages for a defamatory
statement published or uttered as part of a visual or sound radio broadcast by
someone other than the owner, licensee, operator, agent or employee thereof,
unless it is alleged and proved that the defendant has failed to exercise due
care to prevent publication or utterance of the defamatory statement. Owners,
licensees, operators, agents and employees of a station are likewise not liable
for damages for defamatory statements published or uttered over the station by
or on behalf of a candidate for public office (
A.R.S.
� 12-652
).

����������� Acts
that may constitute defamation are typically prosecuted under state tort law.
In order to establish defamation under Arizona common law, a publication must
be false and must bring the defamed person into disrepute, contempt, or
ridicule, or must impeach the plaintiff's honesty, integrity, virtue or
reputation (
Godbehere v. Phx. Newspapers, Inc.
, 162 Ariz. 335, 341
(1989)).

����������� There is no anticipated fiscal impact
to the state General Fund associated with this legislation.

Provisions

1.

States that a person commits defamation if the plaintiff is a private
figure, the matter is of private concern and the plaintiff shows all of the
following exist:

a)

the
person publishes a statement that is:

i.

provable as false;

ii.

reasonably perceived as stating actual facts about the plaintiff rather
than imaginative expression or rhetorical hyperbole; and

iii.

the person makes the statement with knowledge of its falsity, acts with
reckless disregard of the statement's falsity or negligently fails to ascertain
the statement's falsity; and

b)

the
statement, when examined within the full context in which it was made, injures
the plaintiff's reputation by doing any of the following:

i.

identifying the plaintiff by name;

ii.

including a description of or reference to the plaintiff so that those
who hear or read the statement reasonably understand the plaintiff to be the
subject of the statement; and

iii.

implying a clearly defamatory meaning that, when examined within its
context, causes the average person to perceive a defamatory message.

2.

States that a person commits defamation if the plaintiff is a private
figure, the matter is of public concern and the plaintiff shows all of the
following exist:

a)

the
person publishes a statement that the person knows to be false, acts with
reckless disregard of the statement's falsity or negligently fails to ascertain
the statement's falsity;

b)

the
person publishes a statement that, when examined within the full context in
which it was made, injures the plaintiff's reputation by:

i.

identifying the plaintiff by name;

ii.

including a description of or reference to the plaintiff so that those
who hear or read the statement reasonably understand the plaintiff to be the
subject of the statement; and

iii.

implying a clearly defamatory meaning that, when examined within its
context, causes the average person to perceive a defamatory message; and

c)

the published statement is both
:

i.

provable as false; and

ii.

reasonably perceived as stating actual facts about the plaintiff rather
than imaginative expression or rhetorical hyperbole
.

3.

States that a person commits if the plaintiff is a public figure, the matter
is of public concern and the plaintiff shows all of the following exist:

a)

the
person publishes a statement that the person knows to be false or acts with
reckless disregard of the statement's truth;

b)

the
person publishes a statement that, when examined within the full context in
which it was made, injures the plaintiff's reputation by:

i.

identifying the plaintiff by name;

ii.

including a description of or reference to the plaintiff so that those
who hear or read the statement reasonably understand the plaintiff to be the
subject of the statement; and

iii.

implying
a clearly defamatory meaning that, when examined within its context, causes the
average person to perceive a defamatory message; and

c)

the
published statement is both:

i.

provable as false; and

ii.

reasonably perceived as stating actual facts about the plaintiff rather
than imaginative expression or rhetorical hyperbole.

4.

Requires a defamation action involving a defamatory statement that is
published on the internet to be commenced within one year of the date the
person removes the defamatory statement from the internet site of internet
-based platform where the person originally published the defamatory statement.

5.

Defines

internet-based platform
as a:

a)

digital
service that facilitates user interaction, content creation or information
exchange;

b)

social
media service;

c)

content
sharing service; or

d)

cloud
based service.

6.

Defines
internet
.

7.

Becomes effective on the general effective date.

Amendments Adopted by
Committee of the Whole

1.

Requires a defamation action involving a defamatory statement that is
published on the internet to be commenced within one year of the date that the
person removes the defamatory statement from the internet site or
internet-based platform where the person originally published the defamatory
statement.

2.

Defines

internet-based platform
as a:

a) digital service that facilitates
user interaction, content creation or information exchange;

b) social media service;

c) content sharing service; or

d)
cloud-based service.

3.

Removes the specification that a plaintiff's showing in certain
defamation cases is subject to appellate review.

4.

Makes technical changes.

Senate Action

RAGE������������ 2/17/26����� W/D���

JUDE������������� 2/20/26����� DPA/SE��� 4-3-0

Prepared by Senate Research

February 26, 2026

ZD/mg

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
SB1099 - 572R - S Ver

Senate Engrossed

gender
transition procedures; informed consent

(now: defamation;
elements)

State of Arizona

Senate

Fifty-seventh Legislature

Second Regular Session

2026

SENATE BILL 1099

AN
ACT

Amending title 12, chapter 6, article 6,
Arizona Revised Statutes, by adding section 12-651.01; relating to civil
actions.

(TEXT OF BILL BEGINS ON NEXT PAGE)

Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Arizona:

Section 1. Title 12, chapter 6, article 6,
Arizona Revised Statutes, is amended by adding section 12-651.01, to read:

START_STATUTE
12-651.01.

Defamation; statute of limitations; definitions

A. A person commits defamation if the
plaintiff is a private figure
, the matter is of private
concern and the plaintiff shows all of the following exist:

1. The person publishes a statement
that is:

(
a
) Provable as
false.

(
b
) Reasonably
perceived as stating actual facts about the plaintiff rather than imaginative
expression or rhetorical hyperbole.

2.

The person
makes the statement with knowledge of its falsity, acts with reckless disregard
of the statement's falsity or negligently fails to ascertain the statement's
falsity.

3.

The
statement, when examined within the full context in which it was made, injures
the plaintiff's reputation by doing any of the following:

(
a
) Identifying
the plaintiff by name.

(
b
) Including a
description of or reference to the plaintiff so that those who hear or read the
statement reasonably understand the plaintiff to be the subject of the
statement.

(
c
) Implying a
clearly defamatory meaning that, when examined within its context, causes the
average person to PERCEIVE a defamatory message.

B. A person commits defamation if the
plaintiff is a private figure
, the matter is of public
concern and the plaintiff shows all of the following exist:

1. The person publishes a statement
that the person knows to be false, acts with reckless disregard of the
statement's falsity or negligently fails to ascertain the statement's falsity.

2. The person publishes a statement
that, when examined within the full context in which it was made, injures the
plaintiff's reputation by doing any of the following:

(
a
) Identifying
the plaintiff by name.

(
b
) Including a
description of or reference to the plaintiff so that those who hear or read the
statement reasonably understand the plaintiff to be the subject of the
statement.

(
c
) Implying a
clearly defamatory meaning that, when examined within its context, causes the
average person to PERCEIVE a defamatory message.

3. The published statement is both:

(
a
) Provable as
false.

(
b
) Reasonably
perceived as stating actual facts about the plaintiff rather than imaginative
expression or rhetorical hyperbole.

C. A person commits defamation if the
plaintiff is a public figure
, the matter is of public
concern and the plaintiff shows all of the following exist:

1. The person publishes a statement
that the person knows to be false or acts with reckless disregard of
the statement's truth.

2. The person publishes a statement
that, when examined within the full context in which it was made, injures the
plaintiff's reputation by:

(
a
) Identifying
the plaintiff by name.

(
b
) Including a
description of or reference to the plaintiff so that those who hear or read the
STATEMENT reasonably understand the plaintiff to be the subject of the
statement.

(
c
) Implying a
clearly defamatory meaning that, when examined within its context, causes the
average person to PERCEIVE a defamatory message.

3. The statement is both:

(
a
) Provable as
false.

(
b
) Reasonably
perceived as stating actual facts about the plaintiff rather than imaginative
expression or rhetorical hyperbole.

D. A defamation action under this
section involving a defamatory statement that is published on the internet
shall be commenced within one year from the date the person removes the
defamatory statement from the internet site or internet-based platform
where the person originally published the defamatory statement.

E. FOr the purposes of this
subsection:

1. "internet" has the same
meaning prescribed in section 18-501.

2. "Internet-based
platform" includes:

(
a
) A digital
service that facilitates user interaction, content creation or information
exchange.

(
b
) A social
media service.

(
c
) A content
sharing service.

(
d
) A cloud
based service.
END_STATUTE