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SB1635 • 2026

unlawful alert; arrests

SB1635 - unlawful alert; arrests

Crime Privacy
Passed Legislature

This bill passed both chambers and reached final enrollment, even if later executive action is not shown here.

Sponsor
John Kavanagh
Last action
2026-04-14
Official status
House committee of the whole
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The official summary does not provide specific details on how the bill will be enforced or what fiscal impacts it may have, leaving these areas open to interpretation.

Unlawful Alerting to Avoid Arrest

This bill establishes a new criminal offense for knowingly communicating information to another person with intent to hinder their lawful arrest.

What This Bill Does

  • Establishes the criminal classification of unlawful alerting of another person to avoid arrest, which is committed by knowingly communicating information to another specific person with intent to hinder, delay or prevent their lawful arrest.
  • Specifies that unlawful alerting is a class 1 misdemeanor.
  • Lists exceptions where communication does not count as unlawful alerting, such as when an attorney gives legal advice or someone responds to a law enforcement request.

Who It Names or Affects

  • People who warn others about imminent arrests by law enforcement with the intent to hinder their arrest.
  • Law enforcement officers involved in making arrests.

Terms To Know

Unlawful alerting
The act of knowingly communicating information to another person with intent to hinder, delay or prevent their lawful arrest.
Imminent effort to arrest
A law enforcement activity that occurs contemporaneously with or immediately preceding an attempt to take a person into custody.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify how it will be enforced beyond the prosecution by the Attorney General or county attorney.
  • It is unclear if there are any fiscal impacts on state funds from this legislation.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

Plain English: NM/NP 4/14/2026 (602) 926-3848 ARIZONA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FLOOR AMENDMENT EXPLANATION 57th Legislature, 2nd Regular Session Majority Research Staff SB 1635: unlawful alert; arrests NGUYEN FLOOR AMENDMENT 1.

  • NM/NP 4/14/2026 (602) 926-3848 ARIZONA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FLOOR AMENDMENT EXPLANATION 57th Legislature, 2nd Regular Session Majority Research Staff SB 1635: unlawful alert; arrests NGUYEN FLOOR AMENDMENT 1.
  • Removes language specifying that imminent or ongoing effort to arrest includes surveillance, approach or execution of an arrest warrant by a law enforcement officer.
  • Fifty-seventh Legislature Nguyen Second Regular Session S.B.
  • 1635 NGUYEN FLOOR AMENDMENT HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AMENDMENTS TO S.B.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Plain English: Amendment explanation prepared by Zack Dean 2/25/26 Bill Number: S.B.

  • Amendment explanation prepared by Zack Dean 2/25/26 Bill Number: S.B.
  • 1635 Miranda Floor Amendment Reference to: printed bill Amendment drafted by: Leg.
  • Council FLOOR AMENDMENT EXPLANATION 1.
  • Requires each law enforcement agency in Arizona to adopt a written policy that: a) requires all peace officers to visibly display the officer's name or badge number, or both, when performing law enforcement duties; and b) prohibits all peace officers from performing law enforcement duties while wearing a facial covering that conceals the officer's identity.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Plain English: Amendment explanation prepared by Zack Dean 2/25/2026 Bill Number: S.B.

  • Amendment explanation prepared by Zack Dean 2/25/2026 Bill Number: S.B.
  • 1635 Kavanagh Floor Amendment Reference to: printed bill Amendment drafted by: Leg.
  • Council FLOOR AMENDMENT EXPLANATION 1.
  • Specifies that a person commits unlawful alerting of another person to avoid arrest if the person hinders, delays or prevents the lawful arrest of a specific person, rather than any person, by knowingly communicating prescribed information.
  • This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-14 House

    House committee of the whole

  2. 2026-03-24 House

    House minority caucus

  3. 2026-03-24 House

    House majority caucus

  4. 2026-03-23 House

    House consent calendar

  5. 2026-03-09 House

    House second read

  6. 2026-03-05 House

    House Rules: C&P

  7. 2026-03-05 House

    House Judiciary: DP

  8. 2026-03-05 House

    House first read

  9. 2026-03-02 House

    Transmitted to House

  10. 2026-03-02 Senate

    Senate third read passed

  11. 2026-03-02 Senate

    Senate failed

  12. 2026-03-02 Senate

    Senate committee of the whole

  13. 2026-02-26 Senate

    Senate committee of the whole

  14. 2026-02-23 Senate

    Senate minority caucus

  15. 2026-02-23 Senate

    Senate majority caucus

  16. 2026-02-23 Senate

    Senate consent calendar

  17. 2026-02-04 Senate

    Senate second read

  18. 2026-02-03 Senate

    Senate Rules: PFC

  19. 2026-02-03 Senate

    Senate Judiciary and Elections: DP

  20. 2026-02-03 Senate

    Senate first read

Official Summary Text

SB1635 - 572R - Senate Fact Sheet

Assigned to
JUDE������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ AS
PASSED BY COW

ARIZONA STATE SENATE

Fifty-Seventh
Legislature, Second Regular Session

AMENDED

FACT SHEET FOR
S.B. 1635

unlawful alert; arrests

Purpose

Establishes the criminal classification of
unlawful alerting of
another person to avoid arrest
, which a person commits by knowingly
communicating information to another specific person with intent to hinder,
delay or prevent the lawful arrest of the other specific person.

Background

A person commits
hindering prosecution
if the person renders
assistance to another person with intent to hinder the apprehension,
prosecution, conviction or punishment of the other person. Acts that constitute

hindering prosecution
include: 1) harboring or concealing the other
person;

2) warning the other person of impending discovery apprehension, prosecution or
conviction;

3) providing the other person with money, transportation, a weapon, a disguise
or other similar means of avoiding discovery and apprehension; 4) preventing or
obstructing an act that might aid in the discovery or apprehension of a person
by means of force, deception or intimidation;

5) suppressing evidence that might aid in discovery or apprehension by an act
of concealment, alteration or destruction; or 6) concealing the identity of the
person.
Hindering prosecution
in the first degree is a class 5 felony,
or a class 3 felony if the offense involves terrorism, murder or intent to
promote or assist a criminal street gang.
Hindering prosecution
in the
second degree

is a class 1 misdemeanor if the offense is a misdemeanor
or a petty offense (A.R.S. ��
13-2510
;

13-2511
;
and
13-2512
).

There is no anticipated fiscal impact to the state
General Fund associated with this legislation.

Provisions

1.

Establishes
the criminal classification of
unlawful alerting of another person to avoid
arrest
if the person, with intent to hinder, delay or prevent the lawful
arrest of the other specific person, knowingly communicates information to the
other specific person that alerts them of a real-time, imminent or ongoing
effort by law enforcement to execute an arrest of the other person

2.

Classifies

unlawful alerting of another person to avoid arrest
as a class 1
misdemeanor.

3.

Specifies
that this criminal classification does not apply to:

a)

an attorney who provides lawful legal advice to the attorney's client;

b)

a person who provides information in response to a lawful request by a
local, state or federal peace officer;

c)

a person's communication that is made without knowledge that the person
warned is the subject of an arrest; and

d)

a
person's communication that is made without the intent to hinder, delay or
prevent the lawful arrest of another specific person.

4.

Allows the Attorney General or the appropriate county attorney to
prosecute violations.

5.

Defines
communicates
as an electronic communication, a gesture, a
verbal statement, a signal

or the use of amplified sound bells, whistles
or similar devices used for intentional signaling, written messages and any
other method of conveying information.

6.

Defines
imminent or ongoing effort to arrest
as a law enforcement
activity that occurs contemporaneously with or immediately preceding an attempt
to take a person into custody, including surveillance, approach, pursuit or
execution of an arrest warrant.

7.

Defines
intentional signaling
as a deliberate use of sound,
light, movement or other conduct that is made for the purpose of conveying a
warning to or alerting another person.

8.

Defines
law enforcement officer
and
lawful arrest
.

9.

Contains a severability clause.

10.

Becomes
effective on the general effective date.

Amendments Adopted by
Committee of the Whole

1.

Specifies that a person commits
unlawful alerting of another person
to avoid arrest
if the person hinders, delays or prevents the lawful arrest
of a specific person, rather than any person, by knowingly communicating
prescribed information.

2.

Specifies that
unlawful alerting
only applies to a real-time,
imminent effort by law enforcement to execute an arrest, rather than an ongoing
effort by law enforcement.

3.

Makes technical changes.

Senate Action

JUDE �������� 2/18/26 ���� DP ����� 4-3-0

Prepared by Senate Research

February 26, 2026

ZD/ci

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
SB1635 - 572R - S Ver

Senate Engrossed

unlawful alert;
arrests

State of Arizona

Senate

Fifty-seventh Legislature

Second Regular Session

2026

SENATE BILL 1635

AN
ACT

AMENDING Title 13, chapter 25, ARIZONA
REVISED STATUTES, BY ADDING SECTION 13-2515; RELATING TO ESCAPE AND
RELATED OFFENSES.

(TEXT OF BILL BEGINS ON NEXT PAGE)

Be it
enacted by the Legislature of the State of Arizona:

Section
1.
1. Title
13, chapter 25, Arizona Revised Statutes, is amended by adding section 13-2515,
to read:

START_STATUTE
13-2515.

Unlawful alerting of another person to avoid arrest;
classification; definitions

A. A person commits unlawful alerting
of another person to avoid arrest if the person, with the intent to hinder,
delay or prevent the lawful arrest of the other
specific person,
knowingly communicates information to
that other person
that alerts or warns
that other person of a real-time,
imminent effort to arrest
that other person by a local,
state or federal law enforcement officer.

B. This section does not apply to:

1. An attorney who provides lawful
legal advice to the attorney's client.

2. A person who provides information
in response to a lawful request by a local, state or federal law enforcement
officer.

3. A person's Communication that is
made without knowledge that the person warned is the subject of an arrest.

4. A person's communication that is
made without the intent to hinder, delay or prevent the lawful arrest of
another
specific person.

C. The attorney general or the county
attorney of the county in which the offense occurs may prosecute violations of
this section.

D. Unlawful alerting of another
person to avoid arrest is a class 1 misdemeanor.

E. For the purposes of this section:

1. "Communicates" includes:

(
a
) An
electronic communication.

(
b
) A gesture.

(
c
)
A verbal
statement.

(
d
)
A signal or the use of amplified sounds
, bells,
whistles or similar devices when used as intentional signaling.

(
e
) A written
message.

(
f
) Any other
method of conveying information that is not listed in subdivision (
a
), (
b
), (
c
), (
d
) or (
e
) of this paragraph.

2. "Imminent or ongoing effort
to arrest":

(
a
) Means a law
enforcement activity that occurs contemporaneously with or immediately
preceding an attempt to take a person into custody.

(
b
) Includes
surveillance, approach, pursuit or execution of an arrest warrant by a law
enforcement officer.

3. "Intentional signaling"
means a person's deliberate use of sound, light, movement or other conduct that
is made for the purpose of conveying a warning to or alerting another person.

4. "Law
enforcement officer" means an individual who is authorized by law to
engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation or enforcement
of laws and who is employed by or acting on behalf of a local, state or federal
governmental entity.

5. "Lawful arrest" means an
arrest that is supported by legal authority and probable cause even if a
warrant has not been issued.
END_STATUTE

Sec.
2.
2.
Severability

If a provision of this act or its
application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does
not affect other provisions or applications of the act that can be given effect
without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of
this act are severable.