Official Summary Text
AN ACT TO AMEND TITLE 10, TITLE 11, AND TITLE 19 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO CRIME VICTIMS AND WITNESSES.
Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 99 (152nd General Assembly) created the Victims’ Bill of Rights Committee (VBR Committee) to perform a comprehensive review of the Victims’ Bill of Rights (VBR) and make recommendations to clarify the VBR, strengthen protections for victims, and ensure that state agencies have the necessary mechanisms, administration, and funding to successfully implement the VBR. To facilitate in-depth review and discussion, the VBR formed the following 4 subgroups: The Victim Safety Subgroup, The Rights of Special Victims Subgroup, The Victims’ Rights to Information and Notification Procedures Subgroup, and the Victims’ Compensation and Administration Subgroup.
This Act revises the Victims’ Bill of Rights and the Victims’ Compensation Assistance Program based on the recommendations in the February 27, 2024, Victims’ Bill of Rights Committee Final Report.
Section 1 revises Chapter 94 of Title 11 (“this chapter”), the Victims’ Bill of Rights, by making technical changes for clarity and by adding substantive policy provisions that either codify existing practices or create new rights and responsibilities as follows:
Substantive changes that establish the following new rights or responsibilities:
1. To extend these rights to more victims, adds additional offenses to the definition of "crime" for this chapter and includes any offense that is the basis for abuse, domestic violence, or a sexual violence protective order.
2. Adds a complaint process that a victim or witness can use if a law-enforcement agency fails to comply with this chapter.
3. Adds the victim’s or witness’s school to the personal information that must be kept confidential.
4. Provides victims the right to have a victim advocate present, if available, at all proceedings related to the crime.
5. Requires that victim services professionals inform a victim if the victim services professional is required to share information disclosed by the victim that is relevant to the investigation and to whom that information must be disclosed.
6. Provides a right to review portions of recordings derived from body-worn cameras that includes statements made by the victim.
7. Provides a right to make a statement that is separate from the victim-impact statement under the pre-sentence report process.
8. Updates the manner in which victims receive notifications under this chapter by allowing law-enforcement agencies to send notifications electronically and requiring DELJIS to create the mechanism by which law-enforcement agencies can send these notifications by email. Victims will be able to indicate and change their preferred method of contact by law-enforcement agencies, including a preference not to be contacted, and law-enforcement agencies must use the victim’s preferred method of contact when possible.
9. Requires that the Department of Justice create a website where the rights of victims and witnesses under this chapter are explained in a user-friendly manner, in English and in Spanish, and in a format that is as accessible as possible for individuals with disabilities. This website must include information about rights victims or witnesses have under other sections of the Code.
10. Strengthens the annual report requirements for law-enforcement agencies regarding compliance with this chapter by adding specific information that must be included in each report. The individual law-enforcement agency reports must be compiled by the Criminal Justice Council (CJC) into 1 final report and posted on the CJC webpage.
11. Extends to witnesses the current requirement that the court to provide a waiting area for victims that is separate and secure from the defendant, the defendant’s relatives, and defense witnesses.
12. Provides witnesses with the same right to the prompt return of property from law-enforcement that currently exists for victims.
13. Consistent with the notice requirements to victims of an application for parole, requires that notice to be provided to victims of crimes under this chapter when an application is filed for a pardon, including for an adjudication not terminated in favor of the child, or when an application for discretionary expungement of an adjudication not terminated in favor of the child is filed.
Substantive changes that codify existing practices:
1. Updates the definition of “law-enforcement agencies” to include police, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Correction, including probation and parole.
2. Expands the definition of “representative of the victim” to include members of the victim’s family if the victim is deceased and the parent, guardian, or custodian of a victim who is unable to meaningfully participate in proceedings. It also clarifies the representative of the victim if the victim or the deceased victim’s sibling is in the custody of the Department of ‘Services for Children, Youth, and their Families.
3. Revises and expands the definition of victim services to include the broad array of assistance that is available to victims of crime.
4. States that the remedy for a victim or witness if a law-enforcement agency fails to comply with this chapter is to file a writ of mandamus under § 564 of Title 10.
5. Provides victims and witnesses the right to express safety concerns while attending proceedings at court and to request reasonable measures to ensure their safety, including modifications to standard practices, policies, and procedures.
6. Provides the right for immigrant victims and witnesses not to be detained by law enforcement or turned over to federal immigration authorities unless there is a judicial warrant.
7. Requires that the Delaware Criminal Justice Information System (DELJIS) provide a summary of a crime victim’s rights and information about victim services that is printed on the back of the victim’s copy of the initial incident report.
8. Repeals the applicability of this chapter to qualifying neighborhood or homeowners’ associations.
9. Requires the Board of Pardons to provide notice of all applications for a pardon to the Superior Court and the Department of Justice.
Technical changes:
1. Reorganizes existing provisions so that rights of all victims are in subchapter I. by transferring the rights of victims with cognitive disabilities from subchapter II.
2. Reorganizes existing provisions so that rights of all witnesses are in subchapter II. by transferring the rights of witnesses from subchapter I and correspondingly redesignates subchapter II as the Rights of Witnesses to Crime. The rights provided to victims and witnesses with cognitive disabilities are incorporated in the applicable subchapter.
3. When possible, instead of listing each specific offense included in the definition of “crime”, offenses are included in this definition by subchapter or subpart.
4. Transfers rights applicable to all crime victims under § 9404 through § 9408 of Title 11 to § 9403 of Title 11.
5. Repeals unnecessary definitions and language that repeats rights provided in another section of this chapter or elsewhere in the Code.
Sections 2 through 4 revise Chapter 90 of Title 11, the Victims’ Compensation Assistance Program, as follows:
• Section 2 revises § 9002 of Title 11 to combine funeral and burial expenses into 1 category of pecuniary loss to simplify approval of payments for these expenses.
• Section 3 makes corresponding changes to the job title of the victim services personnel who are members of the Victims’ Compensation Assistance Program Advisory Council under § 9003 of Title 11 and adds standard language regarding the conduct of meetings by public bodies, including requirements for quorum and when a member designates another individual to attend a meeting.
• Section 4 repeals the requirement that unencumbered balances in excess of $6,000,000 in the Victims’ Compensation Fund at the end of each fiscal year be deposited in the General Fund.
Section 5 through Section 12 make the following corresponding technical changes to other Code sections to align with Chapter 94 of Title 11:
• Section 5 revises § 3512 of Title 11 to contain the exceptions in current § 9407 of Title 11 and reference the definition of “member of the victim’s family” in § 9401 of Title 11.
• Section 6 revises § 4331 of Title 11 so it is consistent with the victim’s right to make a statement under § 9406(8)b. of Title 11. Section 6 also repeals the reference to § 4209A of Title 11 that the Revisors have noted in the Code as “[repealed]” because the version of § 4209A that was in the Code when this sentence was enacted in 1991 was repealed in 1989 but this corresponding reference was not repealed.
• Sections 7 and 8 revise § 4347 and § 4361 of Title 11 so that the Board of Parole and the Board of Pardons must send notice to victims and witnesses in the manner and under the procedures established in § 9414 of Title 11.
• Sections 9 and 10 revise § 1018 of Title 10 and § 4374 of Title 11 so that victims are contacted about petitions for discretionary expungement under the procedures established in § 9414 of Title 11.
• Section 11 requires that the regulations adopted by the Police Offer Standards and Training Commission under § 8404 of Title 11 include the victim’s right to review portions of recordings derived from body-worn cameras that include statements made by the victim.
• Section 12 increases notice to employers about the current law prohibiting an employer from discharging or disciplining a victim or representative of a victim because the individual participated in the preparation for or attended proceedings by adding a reference to § 9409(a) of Title 11 to § 711(i) of Title 19, which lists unlawful employment practices.
Section 13 provides a delayed implementation date to provide the Department of Justice time to create the informational websites for victims and witnesses required under § 9414(c) and (d) of Title 11.
Section 14 makes the requirement under § 9414(a)(4) of Title 11 that DELJIS create the mechanism by which law-enforcement agencies can send notifications by email contingent upon an appropriation of the funds necessary to fulfill this requirement and then provides 18 months to implement this requirement.
In addition to the recommendations in the Victims’ Bill of Rights Committee Final Report, this Act also revises the membership of the Victims’ Compensation Assistance Program Advisory Council, based on suggestions that arose after the conclusion of the VBR Committee’s work, by adding the Child Advocate and an additional member from the mental health profession.
This Act also makes additional technical corrections to conform existing law to the standards of the Delaware Legislative Drafting Manual.