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HB0289 • 2026

Civil Liability for the Wrongful Death of an Unborn Child

Civil Liability for the Wrongful Death of an Unborn Child

Abortion Children Crime Healthcare Labor Technology
Passed Legislature

This bill passed both chambers and reached final enrollment, even if later executive action is not shown here.

Sponsor
Civil Justice & Claims Subcommittee ; Greco ; (CO-INTRODUCERS) Bankson ; Barnaby ; Benarroch ; Kincart Jonsson ; Nix ; Overdorf ; Persons-Mulicka ; Plakon ; Robinson, W. ; Valdés
Last action
2026-03-13
Official status
Senate - Died in Rules
Effective date
2026-07-01

Plain English Breakdown

The bill text references section 775.021(5)(e) for the definition of 'unborn child,' but does not provide that specific definition within this document.

Civil Liability for the Wrongful Death of an Unborn Child

This bill allows parents to sue if their unborn child dies due to a wrongful act, while protecting mothers and health care providers from being sued in specific situations.

What This Bill Does

  • Updates the legal definition of 'survivors' to include the parents of an unborn child who can file a lawsuit.
  • Provides a definition for the term 'unborn child'.
  • Prohibits lawsuits against the mother for the wrongful death of her own unborn child.
  • Protects health care providers from lawsuits if they provided lawful medical care that met the standard of care with the mother's consent.
  • Allows parents to receive money damages for mental pain and suffering caused by the loss of an unborn child.
  • Prohibits recovery of certain financial losses, such as lost future earnings or savings (net accumulations), if the deceased is an unborn child.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Parents who lose an unborn child due to a wrongful act
  • Mothers whose children die before birth
  • Health care providers offering medical services during pregnancy
  • People or companies accused of causing the death of an unborn child

Terms To Know

Unborn child
A term defined by Florida law in section 775.021(5)(e).
Survivors
Family members who can file a lawsuit, now including the parents of an unborn child alongside spouses and other relatives.
Net accumulations
Money from income that would have been saved as part of an estate if the person had lived longer; this cannot be claimed for an unborn child under this bill.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The exact legal definition of 'unborn child' depends on a separate section of Florida law (775.021(5)(e)) not fully detailed in this text.
  • This bill does not explain how courts will decide if medical care was lawful or met the standard of care.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

711845

Floor amendment H 289 c1 • Harris

House: Failed 1/15/2026

Plain English: This amendment prevents lawsuits from being filed against mothers, doctors providing lawful care, and anyone performing a consensual abortion regarding the death of an unborn child.

  • It stops people from suing a mother for the wrongful death of her own unborn child.
  • It protects medical providers from lawsuits if they give legal medical care that follows safety standards with the mother's permission.
  • It prevents lawsuits against anyone who performs an abortion when the pregnant woman has agreed to it.
  • The amendment does not explain what happens in cases where a lawsuit is allowed, only which ones are blocked.
  • This change was voted down and failed on January 15, 2026, so it did not become law.
601709

Floor amendment H 289 c1 • Eskamani

House: Failed 1/15/2026

Plain English: This amendment would stop people from being sued for wrongful death if a pregnancy ends through legal abortion or assisted reproductive technology when the mother agrees to it.

  • It removes existing text and replaces it with new rules about who can be sued.
  • The amendment only covers cases where the mother gives consent, so it does not explain what happens if she did not agree.
  • Because this is a floor amendment that failed on January 15, 2026, these changes were never made into law.
557409

Floor amendment H 289 c1 • Eskamani

House: Failed 1/15/2026

Plain English: This amendment adds specific rules to stop lawsuits for the wrongful death of an unborn child from being filed against mothers, most healthcare providers, or anyone who does not have the mother's permission.

  • It prevents people from suing a mother if her fertilized egg, embryo, or fetus dies.
  • It stops lawsuits against doctors and other health care workers unless they were convicted of a crime related to their medical treatment.
  • This protection for health care providers includes those who offer assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.
  • No lawsuit can be started without the mother giving her consent.
  • The amendment text does not explain what happens if a doctor is convicted of a crime, only that they lose protection in that case.
  • This proposal failed to pass on January 15, 2026, so it did not become law.
800927

Floor amendment H 289 c1 • Campbell

House: Failed 1/15/2026

Plain English: This amendment adds specific protections that prevent lawsuits from being filed against mothers or healthcare providers who give lawful medical care with the mother's consent.

  • It stops people from suing a pregnant woman for the wrongful death of her unborn child.
  • It protects doctors and other health workers from lawsuits if they provide legal medical treatment that follows safety standards.
  • This protection includes treatments like assisted reproductive technology, as long as the mother agrees to them.
  • The amendment text does not show what rules were removed or replaced in lines 66-71 of the original bill.
  • It is unclear how this change affects cases where medical care was illegal, unsafe, or given without consent because those situations are not described.
443711

Floor amendment H 289 c1 • Nixon

House: Failed 1/15/2026

Plain English: This amendment changes the law to allow lawsuits for the wrongful death of an unborn child, but it specifically prevents those lawsuits from being filed against the biological mother or a gestational surrogate.

  • The bill would stop people from suing the mother of an unborn child if that child dies.
  • This amendment only shows changes to specific lines and does not explain who else can be sued or what actions cause liability.
  • Because this is a partial text, it is unclear how the rest of the bill defines wrongful death or sets rules for other people.
301915

Floor amendment H 289 c1 • Rayner

House: Failed 1/15/2026

Plain English: This amendment changes who can be sued for the wrongful death of an unborn child by removing restrictions on suing the mother.

  • The text removes line 67 from the bill to change how lawsuits are handled.
  • The provided amendment text is incomplete and cuts off mid-sentence, so it does not show exactly what new words replace the removed line.
  • Because the full replacement sentence is missing, we cannot explain who else might be affected or if other rules were changed.
308391

Floor amendment H 289 c1 • Rayner

House: Failed 1/15/2026

Plain English: This amendment changes who can be sued for the wrongful death of an unborn child by removing restrictions on suing the mother.

  • The text removes line 66 from the bill to change how lawsuits are handled.
  • The provided amendment text is incomplete and cuts off mid-sentence, so it does not show exactly who can be sued or what new rules replace the old ones.
  • Because the full sentence is missing, we cannot explain the complete legal change this amendment would make.
591157

Floor amendment H 289 c1 • Bartleman

House: Failed 1/15/2026

Plain English: This amendment stops people who were involved with a pregnancy through rape, incest, or human trafficking from filing a lawsuit for the wrongful death of an unborn child.

  • It adds a rule that says no one can bring a wrongful death action if their connection to the pregnancy was caused by rape.
  • The amendment text does not explain what happens in other situations or define specific legal terms like 'involvement' beyond listing those three crimes.
  • This amendment failed on January 15, 2026, so it did not become part of the final law.
562551

Floor amendment H 289 c1 • Rayner

House: Failed 1/15/2026

Plain English: This amendment stops people who abused the pregnant mother from filing a lawsuit for the wrongful death of her unborn child.

  • It prevents anyone who caused physical, sexual, emotional, or psychological abuse to the mother from suing for wrongful death.
  • The law requires that this abuse be confirmed by a statement directly from the mother.
  • This amendment was voted down and failed in the House on January 15, 2026, so it did not become part of the final bill.
  • The text does not explain what happens if the mother is unable to provide a statement.

Bill History

  1. 2026-03-13 Senate

    • Died in Rules

  2. 2026-01-22 Senate

    • Received

  3. 2026-01-16 Senate

    • Referred to Rules

  4. 2026-01-15 House

    • Read 2nd time • Amendment 711845 Failed • Amendment 601709 Failed • Amendment 557409 Failed • Amendment 800927 Failed • Amendment 443711 Failed • Amendment 308391 Failed • Amendment 301915 Failed • Amendment 591157 Failed • Amendment 562551 Failed • Added to Third Reading Calendar • Read 3rd time • CS passed; YEAS 76, NAYS 34

  5. 2026-01-15 Senate

    • In Messages

  6. 2026-01-13 House

    • 1st Reading (Original Filed Version) • 1st Reading (Committee Substitute 1)

  7. 2026-01-12 House

    • Bill added to Special Order Calendar (1/15/2026)

  8. 2025-12-02 House

    • Favorable by Judiciary Committee • Reported out of Judiciary Committee • Bill released to House Calendar

  9. 2025-11-24 House

    • Added to Judiciary Committee agenda

  10. 2025-11-19 House

    • Referred to Judiciary Committee • Now in Judiciary Committee

  11. 2025-11-18 House

    • Favorable with CS by Civil Justice & Claims Subcommittee • Reported out of Civil Justice & Claims Subcommittee • Laid on Table under Rule 7.18(a) • CS Filed

  12. 2025-11-07 House

    • PCS added to Civil Justice & Claims Subcommittee agenda

  13. 2025-11-04 House

    • Referred to Civil Justice & Claims Subcommittee • Referred to Judiciary Committee • Now in Civil Justice & Claims Subcommittee

  14. 2025-10-31 House

    • Filed

Official Summary Text

Civil Liability for the Wrongful Death of an Unborn Child; Revises definition of term "survivors" to include parents of unborn child; provides definition for term "unborn child"; prohibits right of action against mother for wrongful death of unborn child or against health care provider for lawful medical care provided in certain circumstances; authorizes parents of unborn child to recover certain damages; prohibits recovery of certain damages if decedent is unborn child.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
CS/HB 289 2026

CODING: Words stricken are deletions; words underlined are additions.
hb289-01-c1
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F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S

A bill to be entitled 1
An act relating to civil liability for the wrongful 2
death of an unborn child; reordering and amending s. 3
768.18, F.S.; revising the definition of the term 4
"survivors" to include the parents of an unborn child; 5
providing a definition for the term "unborn child"; 6
amending s. 768.19, F.S.; prohibiting a right of 7
action against the mother for the wrongful death of an 8
unborn child or against a health care provider for 9
lawful medical care provided in certain circumstances; 10
amending s. 768.21, F.S.; authorizing parents of an 11
unborn child to recover certain damages; prohibiting 12
the recovery of certain damages if the decedent is an 13
unborn child; conforming a cross-reference; providing 14
an effective date. 15
16
Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida: 17
18
Section 1. Section 768.18, Florida Statutes, is reordered 19
and amended to read: 20
768.18 Definitions.—As used in ss. 768.16-768.26: 21
(1)(2) "Minor children" means children under 25 years of 22
age, notwithstanding the age of majority. 23
(2)(5) "Net accumulations" means the part of the 24
decedent's expected net business or salary income, including 25

CS/HB 289 2026

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F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S

pension benefits, that the decedent probably would have retained 26
as savings and left as part of her or his estate if the decedent 27
had lived her or his normal life expectancy. "Net business or 28
salary income" is the part of the decedent's probable gross 29
income after taxes, excluding income from investments continuing 30
beyond death, that remains after deducting the decedent's 31
personal expenses and support of survivors, excluding 32
contributions in kind. 33
(3)(4) "Services" means tasks, usually of a household 34
nature, regularly performed by the decedent that will be a 35
necessary expense to the survivors of the decedent. These 36
services may vary according to the identity of the decedent and 37
survivor and shall be determined under the particular facts of 38
each case. 39
(4)(3) "Support" includes contributions in kind as well as 40
money. 41
(5)(1) "Survivors" means the decedent's spouse, children, 42
parents, and, when partly or wholly dependent on the decedent 43
for support or services, any blood relatives and adoptive 44
brothers and sisters. It includes the child born out of wedlock 45
of a mother, but not the child born out of wedlock of the father 46
unless the father has recognized a responsibility for the 47
child's support. It also includes the parents of an unborn 48
child. 49
(6) "Unborn child" has the same meaning as in s. 50

CS/HB 289 2026

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F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S

775.021(5)(e). 51
Section 2. Section 768.19, Florida Statutes, is amended to 52
read: 53
768.19 Right of action.— 54
(1) When the death of a person is caused by the wrongful 55
act, negligence, default, or breach of contract or warranty of 56
any person, including those occurring on navigable waters, and 57
the event would have entitled the person injured to maintain an 58
action and recover damages if death had not ensued, the person 59
or watercraft that would have been liable in damages if death 60
had not ensued shall be liable for damages as specified in this 61
act notwithstanding the death of the person injured, although 62
death was caused under circumstances constituting a felony. 63
(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of this act, a 64
wrongful death action for the death of an unborn child may not 65
be brought against the mother of the unborn child, or against a 66
health care provider as defined in s. 766.202, for lawful 67
medical care provided in compliance with the applicable standard 68
of care, including, but not limited to, care related to assisted 69
reproductive technologies as defined in s. 742.13, provided with 70
the consent of the mother. 71
Section 3. Subsection (4) and paragraph (a) of subsection 72
(6) of section 768.21, Florida Statutes, are amended to read: 73
768.21 Damages.—All potential beneficiaries of a recovery 74
for wrongful death, including the decedent's estate, shall be 75

CS/HB 289 2026

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F L O R I D A H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S

identified in the complaint, and their relationships to the 76
decedent shall be alleged. Damages may be awarded as follows: 77
(4) Each parent of a deceased minor child or an unborn 78
child may also recover for mental pain and suffering from the 79
date of injury. Each parent of an adult child may also recover 80
for mental pain and suffering if there are no other survivors. 81
(6) The decedent's personal representative may recover for 82
the decedent's estate the following: 83
(a) Loss of earnings of the deceased from the date of 84
injury to the date of death, less lost support of survivors 85
excluding contributions in kind, with interest. Loss of the 86
prospective net accumulations of an estate, which might 87
reasonably have been expected but for the wrongful death, 88
reduced to present money value, may also be recovered: 89
1. If the decedent's survivors include a surviving spouse 90
or lineal descendants; or 91
2. If the decedent is not a minor child or an unborn child 92
as those terms are defined in s. 768.18 s. 768.18(2), there are 93
no lost support and services recoverable under subsection (1), 94
and there is a surviving parent. 95
96
Evidence of remarriage of the decedent's spouse is admissible. 97
Section 4. This act shall take effect July 1, 2026. 98
99