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HB4645 • 2026

JUVENILE OFFICER-TRAINING

JUVENILE OFFICER-TRAINING

Children
Passed Legislature

This bill passed both chambers and reached final enrollment, even if later executive action is not shown here.

Sponsor
Maura Hirschauer
Last action
2026-04-17
Official status
Rule 19(a) / Re-referred to Rules Committee
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

Using official source text because the generated explanation was unavailable or could not be confirmed against the official bill text.

JUVENILE OFFICER-TRAINING

JUVENILE OFFICER-TRAINING

What This Bill Does

  • JUVENILE OFFICER-TRAINING

Limits and Unknowns

  • This entry is temporarily using official source text because the generated explanation could not be confirmed against the official bill text during the last sync.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-17 Illinois General Assembly

    Rule 19(a) / Re-referred to Rules Committee

  2. 2026-04-17 Illinois General Assembly

    House Floor Amendment No. 2 Rule 19(c) / Re-referred to Rules Committee

  3. 2026-04-14 Illinois General Assembly

    House Floor Amendment No. 2 Rules Refers to Police & Fire Committee

  4. 2026-04-10 Illinois General Assembly

    Second Reading - Short Debate

  5. 2026-04-10 Illinois General Assembly

    Held on Calendar Order of Second Reading - Short Debate

  6. 2026-04-09 Illinois General Assembly

    House Floor Amendment No. 2 Filed with Clerk by Rep. Maura Hirschauer

  7. 2026-04-09 Illinois General Assembly

    House Floor Amendment No. 2 Referred to Rules Committee

  8. 2026-03-26 Illinois General Assembly

    Do Pass / Short Debate Police & Fire Committee ; 011-002-000

  9. 2026-03-26 Illinois General Assembly

    House Committee Amendment No. 1 Tabled

  10. 2026-03-26 Illinois General Assembly

    Placed on Calendar 2nd Reading - Short Debate

  11. 2026-03-20 Illinois General Assembly

    House Committee Amendment No. 1 Rules Refers to Police & Fire Committee

  12. 2026-03-19 Illinois General Assembly

    House Committee Amendment No. 1 Filed with Clerk by Rep. Maura Hirschauer

  13. 2026-03-19 Illinois General Assembly

    House Committee Amendment No. 1 Referred to Rules Committee

  14. 2026-02-11 Illinois General Assembly

    Assigned to Police & Fire Committee

  15. 2026-02-03 Illinois General Assembly

    First Reading

  16. 2026-02-03 Illinois General Assembly

    Referred to Rules Committee

  17. 2026-01-28 Illinois General Assembly

    Filed with the Clerk by Rep. Maura Hirschauer

Official Summary Text

JUVENILE OFFICER-TRAINING

Current Bill Text

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Illinois General Assembly - Full Text of HB4645

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HB4645 - 104th General Assembly

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104TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY
State of Illinois
2025 and 2026
HB4645

Introduced 2/3/2026, by Rep. Maura Hirschauer

SYNOPSIS AS INTRODUCED:

50 ILCS 705/10.30 new
705 ILCS 405/1-3

from Ch. 37, par. 801-3
705 ILCS 405/5-105

Amends the Illinois Police Training Act. Requires the Illinois Law
Enforcement Training Standards Board to conduct or approve a training
program, including continuing educational requirements, for law
enforcement officers of local law enforcement agencies serving as juvenile
officers before an officer may serve as a juvenile officer or continue
serving as a juvenile officer. Requires the Board to issue a certificate
for satisfactory completion of the training program. Requires the Board to
set eligibility requirements for juvenile officers. Amends the Juvenile
Court Act of 1987. Defines "juvenile police officer" as an eligible sworn
police officer and an officer who has completed continuing educational
requirements.
LRB104 17314 RTM 30736 b

A BILL FOR

HB4645
LRB104 17314 RTM 30736 b
1

AN ACT concerning law enforcement.

2

Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
3
represented in the General Assembly:

4

Section 5.
The Illinois Police Training Act is amended by
5
adding Section 10.30 as follows:

6

(50 ILCS 705/10.30 new)
7

Sec. 10.30.
Training; eligibility; juvenile officers.
8

(a) The Board shall conduct or approve a training program,
9
including continuing educational requirements, for law
10
enforcement officers of local law enforcement agencies serving
11
as Juvenile Officers pursuant to the respective provisions of
12
the Juvenile Court Act. Only law enforcement officers who
13
successfully complete the training program, including
14
continuing educational requirements, may be assigned or
15
continue as juvenile officers. Satisfactory completion of the
16
training program shall be evidenced by a certificate issued to
17
the law enforcement officer by the Illinois Law Enforcement
18
Training Standards Board.
19

(b) The Board shall set eligibility requirements for law
20
enforcement officers entering an initial training program
21
under subsection (a).

22

Section 10.
The Juvenile Court Act of 1987 is amended by

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1
changing Sections 1-3 and 5-105 as follows:

2

(705 ILCS 405/1-3)

(from Ch. 37, par. 801-3)
3

Sec. 1-3.
Definitions.
Terms used in this Act, unless the
4
context otherwise requires, have the following meanings
5
ascribed to them:
6

(1) "Adjudicatory hearing" means a hearing to determine
7
whether the allegations of a petition under Section 2-13,
8
3-15, or 4-12 that a minor under 18 years of age is abused,
9
neglected, or dependent, or requires authoritative
10
intervention, or addicted, respectively, are supported by a
11
preponderance of the evidence or whether the allegations of a
12
petition under Section 5-520 that a minor is delinquent are
13
proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
14

(2) "Adult" means a person 21 years of age or older.
15

(3) "Agency" means a public or private child care facility
16
legally authorized or licensed by this State for placement or
17
institutional care or for both placement and institutional
18
care.
19

(4) "Association" means any organization, public or
20
private, engaged in welfare functions which include services
21
to or on behalf of children but does not include "agency" as
22
herein defined.
23

(4.05) Whenever a "best interest" determination is
24
required, the following factors shall be considered in the
25
context of the child's age and developmental needs:

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(a) the physical safety and welfare of the child,
2

including food, shelter, health, and clothing;
3

(b) the development of the child's identity;
4

(c) the child's background and ties, including
5

familial, cultural, and religious;
6

(d) the child's sense of attachments, including:
7

(i) where the child actually feels love,
8

attachment, and a sense of being valued (as opposed to
9

where adults believe the child should feel such love,
10

attachment, and a sense of being valued);
11

(ii) the child's sense of security;
12

(iii) the child's sense of familiarity;
13

(iv) continuity of affection for the child;
14

(v) the least disruptive placement alternative for
15

the child;
16

(e) the child's wishes and long-term goals, including
17

the child's wishes regarding available permanency options
18

and the child's wishes regarding maintaining connections
19

with parents, siblings, and other relatives;
20

(f) the child's community ties, including church,
21

school, and friends;
22

(g) the child's need for permanence which includes the
23

child's need for stability and continuity of relationships
24

with parent figures, siblings, and other relatives;
25

(h) the uniqueness of every family and child;
26

(i) the risks attendant to entering and being in

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substitute care; and
2

(j) the preferences of the persons available to care
3

for the child, including willingness to provide permanency
4

to the child, either through subsidized guardianship or
5

through adoption.
6

(4.08) "Caregiver" includes a foster parent. Beginning
7
July 1, 2025, "caregiver" includes a foster parent as defined
8
in Section 2.17 of the Child Care Act of 1969, certified
9
relative caregiver, as defined in Section 2.36 of the Child
10
Care Act of 1969, and relative caregiver as defined in Section
11
4d of the Children and Family Services Act.
12

(4.1) "Chronic truant" shall have the definition ascribed
13
to it in Section 26-2a of the School Code.
14

(5) "Court" means the circuit court in a session or
15
division assigned to hear proceedings under this Act.
16

(6) "Dispositional hearing" means a hearing to determine
17
whether a minor should be adjudged to be a ward of the court,
18
and to determine what order of disposition should be made in
19
respect to a minor adjudged to be a ward of the court.
20

(6.5) "Dissemination" or "disseminate" means to publish,
21
produce, print, manufacture, distribute, sell, lease, exhibit,
22
broadcast, display, transmit, or otherwise share information
23
in any format so as to make the information accessible to
24
others.
25

(7) "Emancipated minor" means any minor 16 years of age or
26
over who has been completely or partially emancipated under

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1
the Emancipation of Minors Act or under this Act.
2

(7.03) "Expunge" means to physically destroy the records
3
and to obliterate the minor's name from any official index,
4
public record, or electronic database.
5

(7.05) "Foster parent" includes a relative caregiver
6
selected by the Department of Children and Family Services to
7
provide care for the minor.
8

(8) "Guardianship of the person" of a minor means the duty
9
and authority to act in the best interests of the minor,
10
subject to residual parental rights and responsibilities, to
11
make important decisions in matters having a permanent effect
12
on the life and development of the minor and to be concerned
13
with the minor's general welfare. It includes but is not
14
necessarily limited to:
15

(a) the authority to consent to marriage, to
16

enlistment in the armed forces of the United States, or to
17

a major medical, psychiatric, and surgical treatment; to
18

represent the minor in legal actions; and to make other
19

decisions of substantial legal significance concerning the
20

minor;
21

(b) the authority and duty of reasonable visitation,
22

except to the extent that these have been limited in the
23

best interests of the minor by court order;
24

(c) the rights and responsibilities of legal custody
25

except where legal custody has been vested in another
26

person or agency; and

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(d) the power to consent to the adoption of the minor,
2

but only if expressly conferred on the guardian in
3

accordance with Section 2-29, 3-30, or 4-27.
4

(8.1) "Juvenile court record" includes, but is not limited
5
to:
6

(a) all documents filed in or maintained by the
7

juvenile court pertaining to a specific incident,
8

proceeding, or individual;
9

(b) all documents relating to a specific incident,
10

proceeding, or individual made available to or maintained
11

by probation officers;
12

(c) all documents, video or audio tapes, photographs,
13

and exhibits admitted into evidence at juvenile court
14

hearings; or
15

(d) all documents, transcripts, records, reports, or
16

other evidence prepared by, maintained by, or released by
17

any municipal, county, or State agency or department, in
18

any format, if indicating involvement with the juvenile
19

court relating to a specific incident, proceeding, or
20

individual.
21

(8.2) "Juvenile law enforcement record" includes records
22
of arrest, station adjustments, fingerprints, probation
23
adjustments, the issuance of a notice to appear, or any other
24
records or documents maintained by any law enforcement agency
25
relating to a minor suspected of committing an offense, and
26
records maintained by a law enforcement agency that identifies

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1
a juvenile as a suspect in committing an offense, but does not
2
include records identifying a juvenile as a victim, witness,
3
or missing juvenile and any records created, maintained, or
4
used for purposes of referral to programs relating to
5
diversion as defined in subsection (6) of Section 5-105.
6

(9) "Legal custody" means the relationship created by an
7
order of court in the best interests of the minor which imposes
8
on the custodian the responsibility of physical possession of
9
a minor and the duty to protect, train and discipline the minor
10
and to provide the minor with food, shelter, education, and
11
ordinary medical care, except as these are limited by residual
12
parental rights and responsibilities and the rights and
13
responsibilities of the guardian of the person, if any.
14

(9.1) "Mentally capable adult relative" means a person 21
15
years of age or older who is not suffering from a mental
16
illness that prevents the person from providing the care
17
necessary to safeguard the physical safety and welfare of a
18
minor who is left in that person's care by the parent or
19
parents or other person responsible for the minor's welfare.
20

(10) "Minor" means a person under the age of 21 years
21
subject to this Act.
22

(11) "Parent" means a father or mother of a child and
23
includes any adoptive parent. It also includes a person (i)
24
whose parentage is presumed or has been established under the
25
law of this or another jurisdiction or (ii) who has registered
26
with the Putative Father Registry in accordance with Section

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1
12.1 of the Adoption Act and whose paternity has not been ruled
2
out under the law of this or another jurisdiction. It does not
3
include a parent whose rights in respect to the minor have been
4
terminated in any manner provided by law. It does not include a
5
person who has been or could be determined to be a parent under
6
the Illinois Parentage Act of 1984 or the Illinois Parentage
7
Act of 2015, or similar parentage law in any other state, if
8
that person has been convicted of or pled nolo contendere to a
9
crime that resulted in the conception of the child under
10
Section 11-1.20, 11-1.30, 11-1.40, 11-11, 12-13, 12-14,
11
12-14.1, subsection (a) or (b) (but not subsection (c)) of
12
Section 11-1.50 or 12-15, or subsection (a), (b), (c), (e), or
13
(f) (but not subsection (d)) of Section 11-1.60 or 12-16 of the
14
Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012, or similar
15
statute in another jurisdiction unless upon motion of any
16
party, other than the offender, to the juvenile court
17
proceedings the court finds it is in the child's best interest
18
to deem the offender a parent for purposes of the juvenile
19
court proceedings.
20

(11.1) "Permanency goal" means a goal set by the court as
21
defined in subsection (2.3) of Section 2-28.
22

(11.2) "Permanency hearing" means a hearing to set the
23
permanency goal and to review and determine (i) the
24
appropriateness of the services contained in the plan and
25
whether those services have been provided, (ii) whether
26
reasonable efforts have been made by all the parties to the

HB4645
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1
service plan to achieve the goal, and (iii) whether the plan
2
and goal have been achieved.
3

(12) "Petition" means the petition provided for in Section
4
2-13, 3-15, 4-12, or 5-520, including any supplemental
5
petitions thereunder in Section 3-15, 4-12, or 5-520.
6

(12.1) "Physically capable adult relative" means a person
7
21 years of age or older who does not have a severe physical
8
disability or medical condition, or is not suffering from
9
alcoholism or drug addiction, that prevents the person from
10
providing the care necessary to safeguard the physical safety
11
and welfare of a minor who is left in that person's care by the
12
parent or parents or other person responsible for the minor's
13
welfare.
14

(12.2) "Post Permanency Sibling Contact Agreement" has the
15
meaning ascribed to the term in Section 7.4 of the Children and
16
Family Services Act.
17

(12.3) "Residential treatment center" means a licensed
18
setting that provides 24-hour care to children in a group home
19
or institution, including a facility licensed as a child care
20
institution under Section 2.06 of the Child Care Act of 1969, a
21
licensed group home under Section 2.16 of the Child Care Act of
22
1969, a qualified residential treatment program under Section
23
2.35 of the Child Care Act of 1969, a secure child care
24
facility as defined in paragraph (18) of this Section, or any
25
similar facility in another state. "Residential treatment
26
center" does not include a relative foster home or a licensed

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LRB104 17314 RTM 30736 b
1
foster family home.
2

(13) "Residual parental rights and responsibilities" means
3
those rights and responsibilities remaining with the parent
4
after the transfer of legal custody or guardianship of the
5
person, including, but not necessarily limited to, the right
6
to reasonable visitation (which may be limited by the court in
7
the best interests of the minor as provided in subsection
8
(8)(b) of this Section), the right to consent to adoption, the
9
right to determine the minor's religious affiliation, and the
10
responsibility for the minor's support.
11

(14) "Shelter" means the temporary care of a minor in
12
physically unrestricting facilities pending court disposition
13
or execution of court order for placement.
14

(14.05) "Shelter placement" means a temporary or emergency
15
placement for a minor, including an emergency foster home
16
placement.
17

(14.1) "Sibling Contact Support Plan" has the meaning
18
ascribed to the term in Section 7.4 of the Children and Family
19
Services Act.
20

(14.2) "Significant event report" means a written document
21
describing an occurrence or event beyond the customary
22
operations, routines, or relationships in the Department of
23
Children of Family Services, a child care facility, or other
24
entity that is licensed or regulated by the Department of
25
Children of Family Services or that provides services for the
26
Department of Children of Family Services under a grant,

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1
contract, or purchase of service agreement; involving children
2
or youth, employees, foster parents, or relative caregivers;
3
allegations of abuse or neglect or any other incident raising
4
a concern about the well-being of a minor under the
5
jurisdiction of the court under Article II of the Juvenile
6
Court Act of 1987; incidents involving damage to property,
7
allegations of criminal activity, misconduct, or other
8
occurrences affecting the operations of the Department of
9
Children of Family Services or a child care facility; any
10
incident that could have media impact; and unusual incidents
11
as defined by Department of Children and Family Services rule.
12

(15) "Station adjustment" means the informal handling of
13
an alleged offender by a juvenile police officer.
14

(16) "Ward of the court" means a minor who is so adjudged
15
under Section 2-22, 3-23, 4-20, or 5-705, after a finding of
16
the requisite jurisdictional facts, and thus is subject to the
17
dispositional powers of the court under this Act.
18

(17) "Juvenile police officer" means
an eligible

a
sworn
19
police officer who has completed a Basic Recruit Training
20
Course, has been assigned to the position of juvenile police
21
officer by the officer's chief law enforcement officer and has
22
completed the necessary juvenile officers training
, including
23
continuing educational requirements,
as prescribed by the
24
Illinois Law Enforcement Training Standards Board, or in the
25
case of a State police officer, juvenile officer training
26
approved by the Director of the Illinois State Police.
As used

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LRB104 17314 RTM 30736 b
1
in this paragraph, "eligible sworn police officer" means a
2
sworn police officer who meets the eligibility requirements as
3
prescribed by the Illinois Law Enforcement Training Standards
4
Board.

5

(18) "Secure child care facility" means any child care
6
facility licensed by the Department of Children and Family
7
Services to provide secure living arrangements for children
8
under 18 years of age who are subject to placement in
9
facilities under the Children and Family Services Act and who
10
are not subject to placement in facilities for whom standards
11
are established by the Department of Corrections under Section
12
3-15-2 of the Unified Code of Corrections. "Secure child care
13
facility" also means a facility that is designed and operated
14
to ensure that all entrances and exits from the facility, a
15
building, or a distinct part of the building are under the
16
exclusive control of the staff of the facility, whether or not
17
the child has the freedom of movement within the perimeter of
18
the facility, building, or distinct part of the building.
19
(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21; 103-22, eff. 8-8-23;
20
103-564, eff. 11-17-23; 103-1061, eff. 2-5-25.)

21

(705 ILCS 405/5-105)
22

Sec. 5-105.
Definitions.
As used in this Article:
23

(1) "Aftercare release" means the conditional and
24

revocable release of an adjudicated delinquent juvenile
25

committed to the Department of Juvenile Justice under the

HB4645
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LRB104 17314 RTM 30736 b
1

supervision of the Department of Juvenile Justice.
2

(1.5) "Court" means the circuit court in a session or
3

division assigned to hear proceedings under this Act, and
4

includes the term Juvenile Court.
5

(2) "Community service" means uncompensated labor for
6

a community service agency as hereinafter defined.
7

(2.5) "Community service agency" means a
8

not-for-profit organization, community organization,
9

church, charitable organization, individual, public
10

office, or other public body whose purpose is to enhance
11

the physical or mental health of a delinquent minor or to
12

rehabilitate the minor, or to improve the environmental
13

quality or social welfare of the community which agrees to
14

accept community service from juvenile delinquents and to
15

report on the progress of the community service to the
16

State's Attorney pursuant to an agreement or to the court
17

or to any agency designated by the court or to the
18

authorized diversion program that has referred the
19

delinquent minor for community service.
20

(3) "Delinquent minor" means any minor who prior to
21

the minor's 18th birthday has violated or attempted to
22

violate an Illinois State, county, or municipal law or
23

ordinance.
24

(4) "Department" means the Department of Human
25

Services unless specifically referenced as another
26

department.

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1

(5) "Detention" means the temporary care of a minor
2

who is alleged to be or has been adjudicated delinquent
3

and who requires secure custody for the minor's own
4

protection or the community's protection in a facility
5

designed to physically restrict the minor's movements,
6

pending disposition by the court or execution of an order
7

of the court for placement or commitment. Design features
8

that physically restrict movement include, but are not
9

limited to, locked rooms and the secure handcuffing of a
10

minor to a rail or other stationary object. In addition,
11

"detention" includes the court ordered care of an alleged
12

or adjudicated delinquent minor who requires secure
13

custody pursuant to Section 5-125 of this Act.
14

(6) "Diversion" means the referral of a juvenile,
15

without court intervention, into a program that provides
16

services designed to educate the juvenile and develop a
17

productive and responsible approach to living in the
18

community.
19

(7) "Juvenile detention home" means a public facility
20

with specially trained staff that conforms to the county
21

juvenile detention standards adopted by the Department of
22

Juvenile Justice.
23

(8) "Juvenile justice continuum" means a set of
24

delinquency prevention programs and services designed for
25

the purpose of preventing or reducing delinquent acts,
26

including criminal activity by youth gangs, as well as

HB4645
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LRB104 17314 RTM 30736 b
1

intervention, rehabilitation, and prevention services
2

targeted at minors who have committed delinquent acts, and
3

minors who have previously been committed to residential
4

treatment programs for delinquents. The term includes
5

children-in-need-of-services and
6

families-in-need-of-services programs; aftercare and
7

reentry services; substance abuse and mental health
8

programs; community service programs; community service
9

work programs; and alternative-dispute resolution programs
10

serving youth-at-risk of delinquency and their families,
11

whether offered or delivered by State or local
12

governmental entities, public or private for-profit or
13

not-for-profit organizations, or religious or charitable
14

organizations. This term would also encompass any program
15

or service consistent with the purpose of those programs
16

and services enumerated in this subsection.
17

(9) "Juvenile police officer" means
an eligible

a

18

sworn police officer who has completed a Basic Recruit
19

Training Course, has been assigned to the position of
20

juvenile police officer by the officer's chief law
21

enforcement officer and has completed the necessary
22

juvenile officers training
, including continuing
23

educational requirements,
as prescribed by the Illinois
24

Law Enforcement Training Standards Board, or in the case
25

of a State police officer, juvenile officer training
26

approved by the Director of the Illinois State Police.
As

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LRB104 17314 RTM 30736 b
1

used in this paragraph, "eligible sworn police officer"
2

means a sworn police officer who meets the eligibility
3

requirements as prescribed by the Illinois Law Enforcement
4

Training Standards Board.

5

(10) "Minor" means a person under the age of 21 years
6

subject to this Act.
7

(11) "Non-secure custody" means confinement where the
8

minor is not physically restricted by being placed in a
9

locked cell or room, by being handcuffed to a rail or other
10

stationary object, or by other means. "Non-secure custody"
11

may include, but is not limited to, electronic monitoring,
12

foster home placement, home confinement, group home
13

placement, or physical restriction of movement or activity
14

solely through facility staff.
15

(12) "Public or community service" means uncompensated
16

labor for a not-for-profit organization or public body
17

whose purpose is to enhance physical or mental stability
18

of the offender, environmental quality or the social
19

welfare and which agrees to accept public or community
20

service from offenders and to report on the progress of
21

the offender and the public or community service to the
22

court or to the authorized diversion program that has
23

referred the offender for public or community service.
24

"Public or community service" does not include blood
25

donation or assignment to labor at a blood bank. For the
26

purposes of this Act, "blood bank" has the meaning

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LRB104 17314 RTM 30736 b
1

ascribed to the term in Section 2-124 of the Illinois
2

Clinical Laboratory and Blood Bank Act.
3

(13) "Sentencing hearing" means a hearing to determine
4

whether a minor should be adjudged a ward of the court and
5

to determine what sentence should be imposed on the minor.
6

It is the intent of the General Assembly that the term
7

"sentencing hearing" replace the term "dispositional
8

hearing" and be synonymous with that definition as it was
9

used in the Juvenile Court Act of 1987.
10

(14) "Shelter" means the temporary care of a minor in
11

physically unrestricting facilities pending court
12

disposition or execution of court order for placement.
13

(15) "Site" means a not-for-profit organization,
14

public body, church, charitable organization, or
15

individual agreeing to accept community service from
16

offenders and to report on the progress of ordered or
17

required public or community service to the court or to
18

the authorized diversion program that has referred the
19

offender for public or community service.
20

(16) "Station adjustment" means the informal or formal
21

handling of an alleged offender by a juvenile police
22

officer.
23

(17) "Trial" means a hearing to determine whether the
24

allegations of a petition under Section 5-520 that a minor
25

is delinquent are proved beyond a reasonable doubt. It is
26

the intent of the General Assembly that the term "trial"

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LRB104 17314 RTM 30736 b
1

replace the term "adjudicatory hearing" and be synonymous
2

with that definition as it was used in the Juvenile Court
3

Act of 1987.
4

The changes made to this Section by Public Act 98-61 apply
5
to violations or attempted violations committed on or after
6
January 1, 2014 (the effective date of Public Act 98-61).
7
(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21; 103-22, eff. 8-8-23;
8
103-27, eff. 1-1-24; 103-605, eff. 7-1-24.)

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