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HB635 • 2026

CRIME: Provides relative to criminal activity committed by an agent of a foreign adversary or an agent of a foreign terrorist organization (EN SEE FISC NOTE GF EX)

CRIME: Provides relative to criminal activity committed by an agent of a foreign adversary or an agent of a foreign terrorist organization (EN SEE FISC NOTE GF EX)

Crime
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Dodie Horton
Last action
2026-05-22
Official status
Signed by the Governor - Act 308
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The effectiveness of penalties for enforcing foreign laws over U.S. or Louisiana laws remains uncertain.

Protection Against Foreign Threats

This law makes it illegal for agents of foreign adversaries or terrorist organizations to commit certain crimes in Louisiana that interfere with constitutional rights and freedoms, and sets penalties for such actions.

What This Bill Does

  • Defines terms like 'agent of a foreign adversary' and 'foreign terrorist organization'.
  • Makes it against the law for agents of foreign adversaries or terrorists to commit certain crimes in Louisiana if they are trying to influence people's behavior or stop them from exercising their constitutional rights.
  • Adds penalties for anyone who tries to enforce laws from other countries instead of U.S. or Louisiana laws.

Who It Names or Affects

  • People working as agents for foreign governments or terrorist organizations in Louisiana.
  • Anyone who tries to enforce foreign laws instead of U.S. or Louisiana laws.

Terms To Know

Agent of a foreign adversary
A person, entity, or organization directed or controlled by a foreign adversary or who is the proxy of a foreign adversary.
Foreign terrorist organization
An entity designated as a foreign terrorist organization in accordance with 8 U.S.C. 1189 or any similar law promulgated by the United States Department of State, or an entity designated as a 'specially designated national' under 31 CFR 515.306.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The specific training programs to be developed and who will receive them are not detailed.
  • It is unclear how the law will be enforced in practice.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

Plain English: HFLBHB635 2395 1904 HOUSE FLOOR AMENDMENTS 2026 Regular Session Amendments proposed by Representative Horton on behalf of the Legislative Bureau to Engrossed House Bill No.

  • HFLBHB635 2395 1904 HOUSE FLOOR AMENDMENTS 2026 Regular Session Amendments proposed by Representative Horton on behalf of the Legislative Bureau to Engrossed House Bill No.
  • 635 by Representative Horton 1 AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 2 On page 5, line 21, following "Section" change "1" to "2" Page 1 of 1 CODING: Words in struck through type are deletions from existing law; words underscored are additions.

Plain English: HCAHB635 4274 3305 HOUSE COMMITTEE AMENDMENTS 2026 Regular Session Amendments proposed by House Committee on Administration of Criminal Justice to Original House Bill No.

  • HCAHB635 4274 3305 HOUSE COMMITTEE AMENDMENTS 2026 Regular Session Amendments proposed by House Committee on Administration of Criminal Justice to Original House Bill No.
  • 635 by Representative Horton 1 AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 2 On page 3, line 9, change "31 CFR 500.306" to "31 CFR 515.306" Page 1 of 1 CODING: Words in struck through type are deletions from existing law; words underscored are additions.

Plain English: HCAHB635 4274 2144 HOUSE COMMITTEE AMENDMENTS 2026 Regular Session Amendments proposed by House Committee on Administration of Criminal Justice to Original House Bill No.

  • HCAHB635 4274 2144 HOUSE COMMITTEE AMENDMENTS 2026 Regular Session Amendments proposed by House Committee on Administration of Criminal Justice to Original House Bill No.
  • 635 by Representative Horton 1 AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 2 On page 3, line 9, change "31 CFR 500.306" to "31 CFR 515.306" Page 1 of 1 CODING: Words in struck through type are deletions from existing law; words underscored are additions.

Bill History

  1. 2026-05-22 H

    Effective date: 05/22/2026.

  2. 2026-05-22 H

    Signed by the Governor. Becomes Act No. 308.

  3. 2026-05-19 H

    Sent to the Governor for executive approval.

  4. 2026-05-19 S

    Signed by the President of the Senate.

  5. 2026-05-19 H

    Enrolled and signed by the Speaker of the House.

  6. 2026-05-19 H

    Received from the Senate without amendments.

  7. 2026-05-18 S

    Rules suspended. Read by title, passed by a vote of 26 yeas and 9 nays, and ordered returned to the House. Motion to reconsider tabled.

  8. 2026-05-07 S

    Reported without Legislative Bureau amendments. Read by title and passed to third reading and final passage.

  9. 2026-05-06 S

    Read by title and referred to the Legislative Bureau.

  10. 2026-05-05 S

    Rules suspended. Reported favorably.

  11. 2026-04-27 S

    Read second time by title and referred to the Committee on Judiciary C.

  12. 2026-04-22 S

    Received in the Senate. Read first time by title and placed on the Calendar for a second reading.

  13. 2026-04-21 H

    Read third time by title, amended, roll called on final passage, yeas 75, nays 20. Finally passed, title adopted, ordered to the Senate.

  14. 2026-04-21 H

    Called from the calendar.

  15. 2026-04-20 H

    Scheduled for floor debate on 04/21/2026.

  16. 2026-04-20 H

    Notice given.

  17. 2026-04-20 H

    Read by title, returned to the calendar.

  18. 2026-04-20 H

    Called from the calendar.

  19. 2026-04-14 H

    Scheduled for floor debate on 04/20/2026.

  20. 2026-04-14 H

    Notice given.

  21. 2026-04-14 H

    Read by title, returned to the calendar.

  22. 2026-04-13 H

    Scheduled for floor debate on 04/14/2026.

  23. 2026-04-09 H

    Read by title, amended, ordered engrossed, passed to 3rd reading.

  24. 2026-04-08 H

    Reported with amendments (8-0).

  25. 2026-03-09 H

    Read by title, under the rules, referred to the Committee on Administration of Criminal Justice.

  26. 2026-02-27 H

    First appeared in the Interim Calendar on 2/27/2026.

  27. 2026-02-27 H

    Under the rules, provisionally referred to the Committee on Administration of Criminal Justice.

  28. 2026-02-27 H

    Prefiled.

Official Summary Text

CRIME: Provides relative to criminal activity committed by an agent of a foreign adversary or an agent of a foreign terrorist organization (EN SEE FISC NOTE GF EX)

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
ENROLLED
2026 Regular Session
HOUSE BILL NO. 635
BY REPRESENTATIVES HORTON AND EDMONSTON AND SENATOR HODGES
1 AN ACT
2 To enact Part IV-A of Chapter 2 of Title 14 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes of 1950, to be
3 comprised of R.S. 14:391 through 391.3, and R.S. 40:2405.10, relative to offenses
4 affecting organized government; to provide for legislative intent; to provide for
5 definitions; to provide for types of conduct that constitute criminal activity; to
6 provide for penalties; to authorize certain training programs; to provide for an
7 effective date; and to provide for related matters.
8 Be it enacted by the Legislature of Louisiana:
9 Section 1. Part IV-A of Chapter 2 of Title 14 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes of
10 1950, comprised of R.S. 14:391 through 391.3, is hereby enacted to read as follows:
11 PART IV-A. PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTIES
12 IN LOUISIANA ACT
13 §391. Legislative intent; short title
14 A. The legislature hereby finds that certain foreign adversaries and foreign
15 terrorist organizations pose a growing threat to the citizens and residents of this state
16 based on the practice of extranational enforcement of foreign laws, foreign
17 directives, or foreign religious tenets that are contrary to the Constitution of the
18 United States and the Constitution of Louisiana and are invoked as a substitute for
19 federal or state law. The purpose of this Part is to counter this threat by protecting
20 persons in this state from the harassment and repression of liberty and freedom
21 caused by these extranational practices.
22 B. This Part shall be known and may be cited as the "Protection of
23 Constitutional Liberties in Louisiana Act".
24 §391.1. Definitions
25 For the purposes of this Part, the following terms have the following
26 meanings:
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1 (1) "Agent of a foreign adversary" means a person, entity, or organization
2 directed or controlled by a foreign adversary or who is the proxy of a foreign
3 adversary.
4 (2) "Agent of a foreign terrorist organization" means a person, entity, or
5 group directed or controlled by a foreign terrorist organization or who is the proxy
6 of a foreign terrorist organization.
7 (3) "Constitutionally protected conduct" means any action or behavior that
8 is lawful under the laws of this state or the United States and constitutes the free
9 exercise of any of the following:
10 (a) Freedom of religion, as protected by the First Amendment of the
11 Constitution of the United States of America and Article I, Section 8, of the
12 Constitution of Louisiana.
13 (b) Freedom of speech or expression, as protected by the First Amendment
14 of the Constitution of the United States and Article I, Section 7, of the Constitution
15 of Louisiana.
16 (c) The right of assembly or to petition any federal, state, or local
17 government entity for the redress of grievances as protected by the First Amendment
18 of the Constitution of the United States and Article I, Section 9, of the Constitution
19 of Louisiana.
20 (4) "Foreign adversary" means any country specified in 15 CFR 791.4 or any
21 similar regulation that is subsequently promulgated in the Code of Federal
22 Regulations.
23 (5) "Foreign law" means any law, rule, or legal code or system established
24 and used or applied by a foreign adversary or foreign terrorist organization in a
25 jurisdiction outside of the states or territories of the United States.
26 (6) "Foreign terrorist organization" means any of the following:
27 (a) An entity designated as a foreign terrorist organization in accordance
28 with 8 U.S.C. 1189 or any similar law that is subsequently promulgated by the
29 United States Department of State.
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HB NO. 635 ENROLLED
1 (b) An entity designated as a "specially designated national" in accordance
2 with 31 CFR 515.306 or any similar regulation that is subsequently promulgated in
3 the Code of Federal Regulations by the United States Department of the Treasury.
4 (7) "Transnational repression" means an act emanating from or attributable
5 to a foreign adversary or foreign terrorist organization that is committed by an agent
6 of that foreign adversary or foreign terrorist organization with the intent to harass,
7 intimidate, censor, or otherwise extend the ability of the foreign adversary or foreign
8 terrorist organization to influence, control, or impose its preferences on the behavior
9 of people outside of the territorial jurisdiction of the foreign adversary through either
10 of the following means:
11 (a) Directly by means of physical contact, threats, or electronic targeting.
12 (b) Indirectly by means of actual or credible threats of collective punishment,
13 financial coercion, abuse of administrative processes, selective prosecution of laws
14 of general application, the use or direction of social media or telecommunication
15 entities, or harassment of others.
16 §391.2. Violation; penalties
17 A.(1) No agent of a foreign adversary or agent of a foreign terrorist
18 organization shall commit any criminal offense in this state while knowingly acting
19 at the direction of, on behalf of, or under the influence of a foreign adversary or
20 foreign terrorist organization with the intent to do any of the following:
21 (a) Coerce a person to act on behalf of a foreign adversary or foreign terrorist
22 organization.
23 (b) Coerce a person to leave the United States or cause another person to
24 leave the United States.
25 (c) Cause a person to refrain from engaging in constitutionally protected
26 conduct.
27 (d) Retaliate against a person for engaging in constitutionally protected
28 conduct.
29 (2) No person shall intentionally engage in the obstruction, detection,
30 investigation, monitoring, or surveillance of another person or governmental entity
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HB NO. 635 ENROLLED
1 with the intent to enforce or institute the prosecution of a foreign law in violation of
2 the laws of this state or of the United States.
3 B.(1) Any person who violates the provisions of Paragraph (A)(1) of this
4 Section by committing a criminal offense that is a noncapital felony shall, in addition
5 to the penalty for commission of the underlying offense, be punished as follows:
6 (a) If the underlying offense is punishable by imprisonment for a term of not
7 more than five years, the offender shall be imprisoned with or without hard labor for
8 an additional period of one year. The additional penalty imposed pursuant to this
9 Subparagraph shall be served consecutively to the sentence imposed for the
10 underlying offense.
11 (b) If the underlying offense is punishable by imprisonment for a term of
12 more than five years but less than fifteen years, the offender shall be imprisoned with
13 or without hard labor for an additional period of two years. The additional penalty
14 imposed pursuant to this Subparagraph shall be served consecutively to the sentence
15 imposed for the underlying offense.
16 (2) Whoever violates the provisions of Paragraph (A)(2) of this Section shall
17 be punished as follows:
18 (a) If the offender was acting as an agent of a foreign adversary or an agent
19 of a foreign terrorist organization at the time of the violation, the offender shall be
20 fined not more than ten thousand dollars, imprisoned with or without hard labor for
21 not less than three years nor more than six years, or both.
22 (b) If the offender was not acting as an agent of a foreign adversary or an
23 agent of a foreign terrorist organization at the time of the violation, the offender shall
24 be fined not more than five thousand dollars, imprisoned with or without hard labor
25 for not less than two years nor more than four years, or both.
26 §391.3. Application of foreign law; unenforceability
27 Any decision from a court, arbitrator, tribunal, or administrative agency that
28 is based in whole or in part on foreign law is void and unenforceable in this state if
29 it denies a party a liberty, right, or privilege guaranteed by the Constitution of the
30 United States or the Constitution of Louisiana.
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HB NO. 635 ENROLLED
1 Section 2. R.S. 40:2405.10 is hereby enacted to read as follows:
2 §2405.10. Transnational repression recognition and response; training and education
3 The Department of Justice, office of the attorney general, Louisiana Bureau
4 of Investigation, may provide or adopt a training program for transnational
5 repression recognition and response. The program may be obtained from another
6 state or federal governmental entity or from a nongovernmental entity that
7 specializes in training and educating law enforcement. The training may be updated
8 to address emerging threats and specific information on tactics used by specific
9 foreign adversaries or foreign terrorist organizations.
10 Section 3. The Department of Justice, office of the attorney general, Louisiana
11 Bureau of Investigation may implement the training program authorized in R.S. 40:2405.10
12 as enacted by Section 2 of this Act on or before July 1, 2027.
13 Section 4. This Act shall become effective upon signature by the governor or, if not
14 signed by the governor, upon expiration of the time for bills to become law without signature
15 by the governor, as provided by Article III, Section 18 of the Constitution of Louisiana. If
16 vetoed by the governor and subsequently approved by the legislature, this Act shall become
17 effective on the day following such approval.
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE
GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF LOUISIANA
APPROVED:
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