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HB0563 • 2026

Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

Crime
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Delegates Behler , Cardin , Valentine , Phillips , Stinnett , Simmons , McComas , Moreno , Arikan , Mangione , Moon , Conaway , and Woods
Last action
2026-05-12
Official status
Approved by the Governor - Chapter 402
Effective date
2026-10-01

Plain English Breakdown

The candidate explanation included a claim that was not supported by the official source material, specifically removing old rules about hurting animals used by law enforcement units. The bill does not explicitly mention removal of existing laws but rather adds new prohibitions and definitions.

Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal Protection

This law makes it illegal to harm, harass, or interfere with emergency response animals like police dogs and horses while they are working.

What This Bill Does

  • Prohibits a person from harassing, interfering with, injuring, or causing serious physical injury to an emergency response animal during the lawful performance of its duties.
  • Defines what an 'emergency response animal' is, including dogs and horses used for police work and search and rescue efforts.
  • Sets penalties of up to 2 years in jail or a fine of up to $10,000 for violating this rule.

Who It Names or Affects

  • People who might harm emergency response animals
  • Law enforcement units that use animals

Terms To Know

Emergency Response Animal
A dog or horse used by a law enforcement unit in the state for law enforcement work, trained and under control of an officer.
Serious Physical Injury
An injury that causes permanent or prolonged disfigurement, loss of function of any bodily member or organ, or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.

Limits and Unknowns

  • Self-defense is allowed as an excuse for harming these animals in certain situations.
  • The penalties are different depending on the type and severity of violation.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

403227/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 403227/1 Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO HOUSE BILL 563 (Third Reading File Bill) On pages 1 and 2, strike in their entirety the lines beginning with line 18 on page 1 through line 1 on page 2, inclusive.

  • AMENDMENT TO HOUSE BILL 563 (Third Reading File Bill) On pages 1 and 2, strike in their entirety the lines beginning with line 18 on page 1 through line 1 on page 2, inclusive.
  • On page 4, in line 11, after “ WORK;” insert “ OR”; strike beginning with the semicolon in line 14 down through “ ARTICLE” in line 19; in line 20, strike “(4)” and substitute “(3)”; in line 27, strike “EXCEPT IN THE CASE OF SELF–DEFENSE, A” and substitute “(1) A”; strike beginning with the colon in line 27 down through “(1)” in line 28; and in line 30, strike the semicolon and substitute a period.
  • On page 5, in line 1, after “(2)” insert “A PERSON MAY NOT”; in line 2, strike the semicolon and substitute a period; in line 3, after “(3)” insert “A PERSON MAY NOT”; in the same line, strike “ITEM” and substitute “PARAGRAPH”; in line 4, strike “; OR” and substitute a period; in line 5, after “(4)” insert “A PERSON MAY NOT”; in line 20, after “(E)” insert “(1) NOTHING IN THIS SECTI ON PROHIBITS A DEFEN DANT FROM ASSERTING THE DEFENS E OF NECESSITY TO A CHARGE OF VIOLATING THIS SECTION.
  • (2)”; and strike in their entirety lines 24 through 29, inclusive.
733720/1

None • Senator Henson

Floor Amendment { 733720/1 (Senator Henson) Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO HOUSE BILL 563 (Third Reading File Bill) In line 3 of the Judicial Proceedings Committee Amendments (HB0563/403227/1), strike “ OR”; in line 4, strike “(4)”; in line 5, strike “(3)”; and in line 13, after “NECESSITY” insert “OR SELF–DEFENSE”.

  • AMENDMENT TO HOUSE BILL 563 (Third Reading File Bill) In line 3 of the Judicial Proceedings Committee Amendments (HB0563/403227/1), strike “ OR”; in line 4, strike “(4)”; in line 5, strike “(3)”; and in line 13, after “NECESSITY” insert “OR SELF–DEFENSE”.
  • On page 4 of the bill, in line 14, after “INDIVIDUAL” insert “; OR (IV) A HORSE USED IN A SEAR CH AND RESCUE EFFORT DIRECTED BY A STATE AGENCY OR POLIT ICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE TO LOCATE OR RESCUE A LOST, INJURED, OR DECEASED INDIVIDUAL.
  • (3) “LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT ” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 10–101 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ARTICLE”.
  • On page 5 of the bill, in line 11, after “(B)(3)” insert “OR (B)(4)”; in line 13, strike “$15,000” and substitute “$10,000”; strike in their entirety lines 1 4 through 19, inclusive; and in line 20, strike “(E)” and substitute “(D)”.
953127/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 953127/1 Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENTS TO HOUSE BILL 563 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.

  • AMENDMENTS TO HOUSE BILL 563 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 On page 1, in the sponsor line, strike “ and Cardin ” and substitute “ Cardin, Valentine, Phillips, Stinnett, Simmons, McComas, Moreno, Arikan, Mangione, Moon, Conaway, and Woods”.
  • AMENDMENT NO.
  • 2 On page 1, after line 17, insert: “BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, Article - Criminal Procedure Section 10–101(a) and (g) Annotated Code of Maryland (2025 Replacement Volume)”.

Bill History

  1. 2026-05-12 Post Passage

    Approved by the Governor - Chapter 402

  2. 2026-04-06 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Judicial Proceedings

  3. 2026-03-26 House

    House Concurs Senate Amendments

  4. 2026-03-26 House

    Third Reading Passed (133-0)

  5. 2026-03-26 House

    Passed Enrolled

  6. 2026-03-23 Senate

    Floor Amendment { 733720/1 (Senator Henson) Adopted

  7. 2026-03-23 Senate

    Third Readings Passed with Amendments (44-0)

  8. 2026-03-21 Senate

    Motion Special Order until Next Session (Senator Henson) Adopted

  9. 2026-03-20 House

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Judiciary

  10. 2026-03-20 Senate

    Motion Special Order until 4/9 (Senator Henson) Adopted

  11. 2026-03-18 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments { 403227/1 Adopted

  12. 2026-03-18 Senate

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  13. 2026-03-09 House

    Third Reading Passed (125-0)

  14. 2026-03-07 House

    Favorable with Amendments { 953127/1 Adopted

  15. 2026-03-07 House

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  16. 2026-03-07 Senate

    Referred Judicial Proceedings

  17. 2026-02-02 House

    Hearing 2/19 at 1:00 p.m.

  18. 2026-01-28 House

    First Reading Judiciary

  19. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - First - Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

  20. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - House - Committee - Judiciary

  21. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Third - Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

  22. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - Senate - Committee - Judicial Proceedings

  23. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Enrolled - Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

  24. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Chapter - Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

Official Summary Text

Repealing the prohibition against intentionally inflicting bodily harm, permanent disability, or death on an animal owned or used by a law enforcement unit; prohibiting a person from harassing, interfering with, injuring, or killing or causing serious physical injury to an emergency response animal; and establishing that a person who violates the Act is guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to imprisonment for up to 2 years, or a fine of up to $10,000, or both upon conviction.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MATTER ADDED TO EXISTING LAW.
[Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
Underlining indicates amendments to bill.
Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by
amendment.
Italics indicate opposite chamber/conference committee amendments.
*hb0563*

HOUSE BILL 563
E1 (6lr0899)
ENROLLED BILL
— Judiciary/Judicial Proceedings —
Introduced by Delegates Behler and Cardin, Cardin, Valentine, Phillips, Stinnett,
Simmons, McComas, Moreno, Arikan, Mangione, Moon, Conaway, and
Woods

Read and Examined by Proofreaders:

_______________________________________________
Proofreader.
_______________________________________________
Proofreader.

Sealed with the Great Seal and presented to the Governor, for his approval this

_______ day of _______________ at ________________________ o’clock, ________M.

______________________________________________
Speaker.

CHAPTER ______

AN ACT concerning 1

Criminal Law – Emergency Response Animal – Prohibited Actions Against 2

FOR the purpose of repealing the prohibition against intentionally inflicting bodily harm, 3
permanent disability, or death on an animal owned or used by a law enforc ement 4
unit; prohibiting a person from harassing, interfering with, injuring, or killing or 5
causing serious physical injury to an emergency response animal; and generally 6
relating to law enforcement animals. 7

BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 8
Article – Criminal Law 9
Section 10–606 10
Annotated Code of Maryland 11
(2021 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 12
2 HOUSE BILL 563

BY adding to 1
Article – Criminal Law 2
Section 10–606.1 3
Annotated Code of Maryland 4
(2021 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 5

BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 6
Article – Criminal Procedure 7
Section 10–101(a) and (g) 8
Annotated Code of Maryland 9
(2025 Replacement Volume) 10

SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 11
That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 12

Article – Criminal Law 13

10–606. 14

(a) (1) In this section, “sexual contact with an animal” means any act: 15

(i) involving: 16

1. a person touching the sex organ or anus of an animal; 17

2. contact between: 18

A. the sex organ or anus of a person and the mouth, sex 19
organ, or anus of an animal; or 20

B. the sex organ or anus of an animal, and the mouth, sex 21
organ, or anus of a person; or 22

3. insertion of: 23

A. any part of the body of a person into the opening of the 24
vagina or anus of an animal; 25

B. any part of an animal’s body into the opening of the vagina 26
or anus of a person; or 27

C. any object into the opening of the vagina or anus of an 28
animal; and 29

(ii) committed for the purpose of sexual arousal, sexual gratification, 30
abuse, or financial gain. 31
HOUSE BILL 563 3

(2) “Sexual contact with an animal” does not include: 1

(i) an accepted veterinary practice; 2

(ii) artificial insemination of an animal for reproductive purposes; 3

(iii) accepted animal husbandry practices, including: 4

1. grooming; 5

2. raising; 6

3. breeding; 7

4. assisting with the birthing process; or 8

5. any other activity that provides care for an animal; or 9

(iv) generally accepted practices relating to the judging of breed 10
confirmation. 11

(b) A person may not: 12

(1) intentionally: 13

(i) mutilate an animal; 14

(ii) torture an animal; 15

(iii) cruelly beat an animal; 16

(iv) cruelly kill an animal; or 17

(v) engage in sexual contact with an animal; OR 18

(2) cause, procure, or authorize an act prohibited under item (1) of this 19
subsection[; or 20

(3) except in the case of self –defense, intentionally inflict bodily harm, 21
permanent disability, or death on an animal owned or used by a law enforcement unit]. 22

(c) (1) A person who violates this s ection is guilty of the felony of aggravated 23
cruelty to animals and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a 24
fine not exceeding $5,000 or both. 25

4 HOUSE BILL 563

(2) As a condition of sentencing, the court may: 1

(i) order a defendant convicted of violating this section to: 2

1. participate in and pay for psychological counseling; and 3

2. pay, in addition to any other fines and costs, all reasonable 4
costs incurred in removing, housing, treating, or euthanizing an animal confiscated from 5
the defendant; and 6

(ii) prohibit a defendant from owning, possessing, or residing with 7
an animal for a specified period of time. 8

10–606.1. 9

(A) (1) IN THIS SECTION THE F OLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE MEANINGS 10
INDICATED. 11

(2) “EMERGENCY RESPONSE ANIMAL” MEANS: 12

(I) A DOG USED BY A LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT IN THE STATE 13
THAT IS TRAINED FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT WORK AND IS SUBJECT TO THE CONTROL 14
OF A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER WHO HAS COMP LETED HANDLER TRAINI NG IN 15
ACCORDANCE WITH THE POLICIES OF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT THAT EMPLOYS 16
THE OFFICER; 17

(II) A HORSE USED BY A LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT IN THE STATE 18
FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT WORK; OR OR 19

(III) A SEARCH AND RESCUE DOG TRAINED FOR OR ENGAGED IN 20
AN EFFORT DIRECTED B Y A STATE AGENCY OR A POL ITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE 21
STATE TO LOCATE OR RESCUE A LOST, INJURED, OR DECEASED INDIVIDUAL; OR 22

(IV) A HORSE USED IN A SEARCH AND RESCUE EFFORT DIRECTED 23
BY A STATE AGENCY OR A POL ITICAL SUBDIVISION O F THE STATE TO LOCATE OR 24
RESCUE A LOST, INJURED, OR DECEASED INDIVIDUAL. 25

(3) “LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT ” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 26
10–101 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ARTICLE; OR 27

(IV) A HORSE USED IN A SE ARCH AND RESCUE EFFO RT 28
DIRECTED BY A STATE AGENCY OR A POL ITICAL SUBDIVISION O F THE STATE TO 29
LOCATE OR RESCUE A LOST, INJURED, OR DECEASED INDIVIDUAL. 30

HOUSE BILL 563 5

(3) “LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT ” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 1
10–101 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ARTICLE. 2

(3) (4) “SERIOUS PHYSICAL INJU RY” MEANS PHYSICAL INJUR Y 3
THAT CAUSES PERMANENT OR PROTRACTED: 4

(I) DISFIGUREMENT; 5

(II) LOSS OF THE FUNCTION OF A NY BODILY MEMBER OR 6
ORGAN; OR 7

(III) IMPAIRMENT OF THE FU NCTION OF ANY BODILY MEMBER 8
OR ORGAN. 9

(B) (1) (1) A EXCEPT IN THE CASE OF SELF–DEFENSE, A A PERSON MAY 10
NOT: 11

(1) INTENTIONALLY HARASS OR INTERFERE WITH AN EMERGENCY 12
RESPONSE ANIMAL DURI NG THE LAWFUL PERFOR MANCE OF THE EMERGEN CY 13
RESPONSE ANIMAL’S DUTIES.;. 14

(2) A PERSON MAY NOT A PERSON MAY NOT INTENTIONALLY INJURE 15
AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE ANIMAL.;. 16

(3) A PERSON MAY NOT A PERSON MAY NOT VIOLATE PARAGRAPH 17
ITEM PARAGRAPH (1) OR (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION D URING THE COMMISSION OF A 18
CRIME.; OR. 19

(4) A PERSON MAY NOT A PERSON MAY NOT INTENTIONALLY KILL OR 20
CAUSE SERIOUS PHYSICAL INJURY TO AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE ANIMAL. 21

(C) (1) A PERSON WHO VIOLATES SUBSECTION (B)(1) OR (2) OF THIS 22
SECTION IS GUILTY OF A MISDEMEANOR AND ON CONVICTION IS SUBJEC T TO 23
IMPRISONMENT NOT EXC EEDING 1 YEAR OR A FINE NOT E XCEEDING $5,000 OR 24
BOTH. 25

(2) A PERSON WHO VIOLATES SUBSECTION (B)(3) OR (4) OF THIS 26
SECTION IS GUILTY OF A MISDEMEANOR AND ON CONVICTION IS SUBJEC T TO 27
IMPRISONMENT NOT EXC EEDING 2 YEARS OR A FINE NOT EXCEEDING $15,000 28
$10,000 OR BOTH. 29

6 HOUSE BILL 563

(3) A PERSON WHO VIOLATES SUBSECTION (B)(4) OF THIS SECTION IS 1
GUILTY OF A MISDEMEA NOR AND ON CONVICTION IS SUBJEC T TO IMPRISONMENT 2
NOT EXCEEDING 5 YEARS OR A FINE NOT EXCEEDING $10,000 OR BOTH. 3

(D) A SENTENCE IMPOSED UND ER THIS SECTION MAY BE IMPOSED 4
SEPARATE FROM AND CO NSECUTIVE TO OR CONC URRENT WITH A SENTEN CE FOR 5
ANY CRIME BASED ON THE ACT ESTABLISHING THE VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION. 6

(E) (D) (1) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION PROHIBITS A DEFENDANT FROM 7
ASSERTING THE DEFENS E OF NECESSITY OR SELF –DEFENSE TO A CHARGE OF 8
VIOLATING THIS SECTION. 9

(2) IT IS AN AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE TO A CHARGE OF VIOLATING THIS 10
SECTION THAT THE DEFENDANT ACTED REASONABLY TO PREVENT PHYSICAL HARM 11
RESULTING FROM A VIOLATION OF THE MARYLAND USE OF FORCE STATUTE UNDER 12
§ 3–524 OF THE PUBLIC SAFETY ARTICLE. 13

Article – Criminal Procedure 14

10–101. 15

(a) In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated. 16

(g) “Law enforcement unit” means a State, county, or municipal police 17
department or unit, the office of a sheriff, the office of a State’s Attorney, the Office of the 18
State Prosecutor, or the Office of the Attorney General of the State. 19

SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 20
October 1, 2026. 21

Approved:
________________________________________________________________________________
Governor.
________________________________________________________________________________
Speaker of the House of Delegates.
________________________________________________________________________________
President of the Senate.