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HB0895 • 2026

Food Retailers and Third-Party Delivery Service Providers - Dynamic Pricing and Personal Data (Protection From Predatory Pricing Act)

Food Retailers and Third-Party Delivery Service Providers - Dynamic Pricing and Personal Data (Protection From Predatory Pricing Act)

Privacy Taxes
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
The Speaker (By Request - Administration ) and Delegates Acevero , Allen , Amprey , Behler , Bhandari , Boafo , Coley , Ebersole , Edelson , Fennell , Foley , Forbes , Griffith , Guyton , Harrison , Hill , Hornberger , Ivey , D. Jones , Kaufman , Kerr , Lewis , Mireku-North , Moon , Moreno , Palakovich Carr , Pasteur , Patterson , Phillips , Pruski , Roberts , Ruff , Simmons , Simpson , Solomon , Spiegel , Stewart , Taveras , Toles , Tomlinson , Turner , Vogel , Watson , White Holland , Wims , Woods , and Ziegler
Last action
2026-04-28
Official status
Approved by the Governor - Chapter 154
Effective date
2026-10-01

Plain English Breakdown

Using official source text because the generated explanation was unavailable or could not be confirmed against the official bill text.

Food Retailers and Third-Party Delivery Service Providers - Dynamic Pricing and Personal Data (Protection From Predatory Pricing Act)

Prohibiting a food retailer and a third-party delivery service provider from engaging in the practice of dynamic pricing or using consumer personal data to set a price for consumer goods or services; prohibiting a food retailer and a third-party delivery service provider from using protected class data to offer, advertise, or sell a consumer good or service under certain circumstances; making a certain violation of the Act an unfair, abusive, or deceptive trade practice that is subject to enforcement and penalties; etc.

What This Bill Does

  • Prohibiting a food retailer and a third-party delivery service provider from engaging in the practice of dynamic pricing or using consumer personal data to set a price for consumer goods or services; prohibiting a food retailer and a third-party delivery service provider from using protected class data to offer, advertise, or sell a consumer good or service under certain circumstances; making a certain violation of the Act an unfair, abusive, or deceptive trade practice that is subject to enforcement and penalties; etc.

Limits and Unknowns

  • This entry is temporarily using official source text because the generated explanation could not be confirmed against the official bill text during the last sync.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

373020/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 373020/1 Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENTS TO HOUSE BILL 895 (Third Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.

  • AMENDMENTS TO HOUSE BILL 895 (Third Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 On page 1, strike beginning with “Consumer” in line 4 down through “Data” in line 5 and substitute: “Food Retailers and Third–Party Delivery Service Providers – Dynamic Pricing and Personal Data”; in lines 7 and 10, in each instance, strike “food”; strike beginning with “prohibiting” in line 15 down through “statement;” in line 18; in line 18, after “making” insert “ a”; and in the same line, strike “violations” and substitute “violation”.
  • On page 2, strike beginning with “consumer” in line 2 down through “data” in line 3 and substitute “ the reg ulation of food retailers and third –party delivery service providers”; and in line 6, strike “and 13–322”.
  • AMENDMENT NO.
373526/1

None • Delegate Hartman

Floor Amendment { 373526/1 (Delegate Hartman) Rejected (36-90)

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO HOUSE BILL 895, AS AMENDED (First Reading File Bill) On page 2 of the bill, in line 20, after “ THE” insert “DISCRIMINATORY”; in the same line, after “ PRACTICE” insert “ OF OFFERING OR SETTI NG A PERSONALIZED PRICE FOR A GOOD OR SERVICE THAT IS SPECIFIC TO A CONSUMER BASED ON THE CONSUMER’S PERSONAL DATA , REGARDLESS OF WHETHE R THE SELLER COLLECTED OR PURCHASED THE PERSONAL DATA”; and strike beginning with “OF” in line 20 down through “FACTORS” in line 22.

  • AMENDMENT TO HOUSE BILL 895, AS AMENDED (First Reading File Bill) On page 2 of the bill, in line 20, after “ THE” insert “DISCRIMINATORY”; in the same line, after “ PRACTICE” insert “ OF OFFERING OR SETTI NG A PERSONALIZED PRICE FOR A GOOD OR SERVICE THAT IS SPECIFIC TO A CONSUMER BASED ON THE CONSUMER’S PERSONAL DATA , REGARDLESS OF WHETHE R THE SELLER COLLECTED OR PURCHASED THE PERSONAL DATA”; and strike beginning with “OF” in line 20 down through “FACTORS” in line 22.
  • On page 2 of the Economic Matters Committee Amendments (HB0895/643424/1), in line 3 of Amendment No.
  • 2, strike “ THE SAME ”; and strike lines 11 through 21 , inclusive, and substitute: “3.
  • A DIFFERENCE IN PRICE BASED ON COSTS OR DIFFERENCES IN SUPPLY OR DEMAND ASSOCIATED WITH PROVIDING OR SELLING A GOOD OR SERVICE IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OR GEOGRAPHIES; 4.
473426/1

None • Delegate Chisholm

Floor Amendment { 473426/1 (Delegate Chisholm) Rejected (37-92)

Plain English: AMENDMENTS TO HOUSE BILL 895, AS AMENDED (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.

  • AMENDMENTS TO HOUSE BILL 895, AS AMENDED (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 On page 1 of the bill, in line 6, strike “or using consumer surveillance data”; and in the same line, strike “set” and substitute “increase”.
  • On page 1 of the Economic Matters Committee Amendments (HB0895/643424/1), in line 6 of Amendment No.
  • 1, strike “personal”.
493323/1

None • Senator Beidle

Floor Amendment { 493323/1 (Senator Beidle) Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO HOUSE BILL 895, AS AMENDED (Third Reading File Bill) On page 3 of the bill, in line 1, strike “ (I)”; and strike in their entirety lines 6 through 31, inclusive.

  • AMENDMENT TO HOUSE BILL 895, AS AMENDED (Third Reading File Bill) On page 3 of the bill, in line 1, strike “ (I)”; and strike in their entirety lines 6 through 31, inclusive.
  • On page 2 of the Finance Committee Amendments (HB0895/373020/01) , in Amendment No.
  • 2, strike beginning with “ 3.” in line 3 down through “ PRICE;” in line 15; and in line 16, strike “8.” and “9.” and substitute “3.” and “4.”.
  • On page 4 of the bill, in line 18, after “(B)” insert “(1) THIS SUBSECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO: (I) USING PROMOTIONAL PRICING OFFERS, LOYALTY PROGRAM BENEFITS , OR OTHER TEMPORARY D ISCOUNTS OR CHANGES TO PRICING RELATED TO RETENTION OF EXISTING CUSTOMERS; (II) SETTING A DIFFERENT PRICE BASED ON OBJEC TIVE COSTS ATTRIBUTABLE T O PROVIDING CONSUMER GOODS OR SE RVICES TO DIFFERENT CONSUMERS, SUCH AS A DIFFERENCE IN PRICE CAUSED BY SHIPPING COSTS OR TAXES BASED ON A CONSUMER’S PHYSICAL LOCATION; (III) SETTING A DIFFERENT PRICE BASED ON COSTS OR DIFFERENCES IN SUPPLY OR DEMAND ASSOCIATED WITH PROVIDING OR SELLING A GOOD OR SERVICE IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OR GEOGRAPHIES; (IV) SETTING A DIFFERENT PRICE BASED ON COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE AVAILABILITY OR SUPPLY OF THE GOOD OR SERVICE; HB0895/493323/1 BY: Senator Beidle HB0895/493323/01 Beidle Amendments to HB 895 Page 2 of 2 (V) OFFERING A PRICE TO A CONSUMER THROUG H A LOYALTY, MEMBERSHIP, OR REWARDS PROGRAM IN WHICH ANY CONSUMER MAY VOLUNTARILY ENROLL OR CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE; (VI) OFFERING A PRICE TO A CONSUMER IN CON NECTION WITH A SUBSCRIPTION–BASED CONTRACT OR AGREEMENT; (VII) OFFERING A PRICE TO A CONSUMER WHO CONSENTS TO PROVIDING PERSONAL D ATA OR OTHER INFORMA TION IN EXCHANGE FOR OBTAINING THE PRICE; (VIII) CORRECTING A PRICE RESULTING FROM A PRI CING ERROR; OR (IX) RESETTING A PRICE FOLLOWING A SYSTEM OR NETWORK OUTAGE.
643424/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 643424/1 Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENTS TO HOUSE BILL 895 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.

  • AMENDMENTS TO HOUSE BILL 895 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 On page 1, at the top of the page, strike “EMERGENCY BILL”; strike beginning with “Food” in line 2 down through “Agreements” in line 3 and substitute “Consumer Protection – Price Setting of Consumer Goods and Services and Use of Protected Class Data”; in lines 5 and 7, in each instance, after “retailer” insert “ and a third –party food delivery service provider ”; in line 6, strike “surveillance” and substitute “ personal”; strike beginning with “prohibiting” in line 8 down through “circumstances;” in line 11 and substitute “prohibiting a merchant from setting the price of consumer goods or services using certain dynamic pricing or personal data and issuing a certain communication in a certain manner unless the merchant includes a certain clear and conspicuous disclosure statement;”; in line 11, strike “a”; in line 12, strike “violation” and substitute “violations”; in line 14, strike “the regulation of food retailers” and substitute “consumer protections regarding the setting of prices for consumer goods and services and the use of protected class data ”; in line 17, after “13–321” insert “and 13–322”; and in line 22, after “Section” insert “13–408 and”.
  • On page 2, after line 1, insert: “BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, Article - Commercial Law Section 14–4701(a) and (w) Annotated Code of Maryland (2025 Replacement Volume)”; and strike in their entirety lines 2 through 6, inclusive.
  • AMENDMENT NO.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-28 Post Passage

    Approved by the Governor - Chapter 154

  2. 2026-04-10 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Finance

  3. 2026-03-28 House

    House Concurs Senate Amendments

  4. 2026-03-28 House

    Third Reading Passed (100-31)

  5. 2026-03-28 House

    Passed Enrolled

  6. 2026-03-24 Senate

    Floor Amendment { 493323/1 (Senator Beidle) Adopted

  7. 2026-03-24 Senate

    Third Readings Passed with Amendments (41-1)

  8. 2026-03-23 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments { 373020/1 Adopted

  9. 2026-03-23 Senate

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  10. 2026-03-20 House

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Economic Matters

  11. 2026-03-09 House

    Third Reading Passed (96-32)

  12. 2026-03-08 House

    Floor Amendment { 473426/1 (Delegate Chisholm) Rejected (37-92)

  13. 2026-03-08 House

    Floor Amendment { 373526/1 (Delegate Hartman) Rejected (36-90)

  14. 2026-03-08 House

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  15. 2026-03-07 House

    Favorable with Amendments { 643424/1 Adopted

  16. 2026-03-07 House

    Motion Special Order until Later This Session (Delegate Chisholm) Adopted

  17. 2026-03-07 Senate

    Referred Finance

  18. 2026-02-09 House

    Hearing 3/03 at 1:00 p.m.

  19. 2026-02-04 House

    First Reading Economic Matters

  20. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - First - Food Retailers - Dynamic Pricing, Surveillance Data, and Collective Bargaining Agreements (Protection From Predatory Pricing Act)

  21. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - House - Committee - Economic Matters

  22. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Third - Consumer Protection - Price Setting of Consumer Goods and Services and Use of Protected Class Data (Protection From Predatory Pricing Act)

  23. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - Senate - Committee - Finance

  24. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Enrolled - Food Retailers and Third-Party Delivery Service Providers - Dynamic Pricing and Personal Data (Protection From Predatory Pricing Act)

  25. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Chapter - Food Retailers and Third-Party Delivery Service Providers - Dynamic Pricing and Personal Data (Protection From Predatory Pricing Act)

Official Summary Text

Prohibiting a food retailer and a third-party delivery service provider from engaging in the practice of dynamic pricing or using consumer personal data to set a price for consumer goods or services; prohibiting a food retailer and a third-party delivery service provider from using protected class data to offer, advertise, or sell a consumer good or service under certain circumstances; making a certain violation of the Act an unfair, abusive, or deceptive trade practice that is subject to enforcement and penalties; etc.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MATTER ADDED TO EXISTING LAW.
[Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
Underlining indicates amendments to bill.
Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by
amendment.
Italics indicate opposite chamber/conference committee amendments.
*hb0895*

HOUSE BILL 895
I3, K3 EMERGENCY BILL (6lr0332)
ENROLLED BILL
— Economic Matters/Finance —
Introduced by The Speaker (By Request – Administration) and Delegates Acevero,
Allen, Amprey, Behler, Bhandari, Boafo, Coley, Ebersole, Edelson, Fennell,
Foley, Forbes, Griffith, Guyton, Harrison, Hill, Hornberger, Ivey, D. Jones,
Kaufman, Kerr, Lewis, Mireku –North, Moon, Moreno, Palakovich Carr,
Pasteur, Patterson, Phillips , Pruski, Roberts, Ruff, Simmons, Simpson,
Solomon, Spiegel, Stewart, Taveras, Toles, Tomlinson, Turner, Vogel,
Watson, White Holland, Wims, Woods, and Ziegler

Read and Examined by Proofreaders:

_______________________________________________
Proofreader.
_______________________________________________
Proofreader.

Sealed with the Great Seal and presented to the Governor, for his approval this

_______ day of _______________ at ________________________ o’clock, ________M.

______________________________________________
Speaker.

CHAPTER ______

AN ACT concerning 1

Food Retailers – Dynamic Pricing, Surveillance Data, and Collective Bargaining 2
Agreements 3
Consumer Protection – Price Setting of Consumer Goods and Services and Use 4
of Protected Class Data 5
Food Retailers and Third–Party Delivery Service Providers – Dynamic Pricing 6
and Personal Data 7
(Protection From Predatory Pricing Act) 8

2 HOUSE BILL 895

FOR the purpose of prohibiting a food retailer and a third –party food delivery service 1
provider from engaging in the practice of dynamic pricing or using consumer 2
surveillance personal data to set a price for consumer goods or services; prohibiting 3
a food retailer and a third–party food delivery service provider from using protected 4
class data to of fer, advertise, or sell a consumer good or service under certain 5
circumstances; prohibiting a food retailer from diminishing or impairing any right 6
or benefit guaranteed to employees of the food retailer under an existing collective 7
bargaining agreement or memorandum of understanding under certain 8
circumstances; prohibiting a merchant from setting the price of consumer goods or 9
services using certain dynamic pricing or personal data and issuing a certain 10
communication in a certain manner unless the merchant includes a certain clear and 11
conspicuous disclosure statement; making a a certain violation violations violation 12
of this Act an unfair, abusive, or deceptive trade practice that is subject to 13
enforcement and penalties under the Maryland Consumer Protection Act; and 14
generally relating to the regulation of food retailers consumer protections regarding 15
the setting of prices for consumer goods and services and the use of protected class 16
data the regulation of food retailers and third–party delivery service providers. 17

BY adding to 18
Article – Commercial Law 19
Section 13–321 and 13–322 20
Annotated Code of Maryland 21
(2025 Replacement Volume) 22

BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 23
Article – Commercial Law 24
Section 13–408 and 13–411 25
Annotated Code of Maryland 26
(2025 Replacement Volume) 27

BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 28
Article – Commercial Law 29
Section 14–4701(a) and (w) 30
Annotated Code of Maryland 31
(2025 Replacement Volume) 32

BY adding to 33
Article – Labor and Employment 34
Section 4–406 35
Annotated Code of Maryland 36
(2025 Replacement Volume) 37

BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 38
Article – Tax – General 39
Section 11–206(c) 40
Annotated Code of Maryland 41
(2022 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 42
HOUSE BILL 895 3

SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 1
That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 2

Article – Commercial Law 3

13–321. 4

(A) (1) IN THIS SECTION THE F OLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE MEANINGS 5
INDICATED. 6

(2) “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGEN CE” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 7
3.5–801 OF THE STATE FINANCE AND PROCUREMENT ARTICLE. 8

(2) “CONSENT” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 14–4701 OF THIS 9
ARTICLE. 10

(3) (2) (3) (I) “DYNAMIC PRICING ” MEANS THE DISCRIMINATORY 11
PRACTICE OF VARYING THE PRICES O F CONSUMER GOODS OR SERVICES WITHIN A 12
THE SAME BUSINESS DAY BASED O N DEMAND OR OTHER FA CTORS OFFERING OR 13
SETTING A PERSONALIZED PRICE FOR A GOOD OR SERVICE THAT IS SPECIFIC TO A 14
CONSUMER BASED ON TH E CONSUMER ’S PERSONAL DATA , REGARDLESS OF 15
WHETHER THE SELLER C OLLECTED OR PURCHASE D THE PERSONAL DATA , 16
INCLUDING THROUGH TH E USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OR MODE LS THAT 17
RETRAIN OR RECALIBRA TE BASED ON RECEIVED INFORMATION IN NEAR REAL –18
TIME. 19

(II) “DYNAMIC PRICING” DOES NOT INCLUDE THE: 20

1. THE USE OF PROMOTIONAL P RICING OFFERS , 21
LOYALTY PROGRAM BENEFITS, OR OTHER TEMPORARY DISCOUNTS OR CHANGES TO 22
PRICING RELATED TO RETENTION OF EXISTING CUSTOMERS; 23

2. A DIFFERENCE IN PRICE BASED ON OBJECTIVE COSTS 24
ATTRIBUTABLE TO PROV IDING CONSUMER GOODS OR SERVICES TO DIFFE RENT 25
CONSUMERS, SUCH AS A DIFFERENCE IN PRICE CAUSED BY S HIPPING COSTS OR 26
TAXES BASED ON A CONSUMER’S PHYSICAL LOCATION; 27

3. A DISCOUNTED PRICE OF FERED TO A CONSUMER 28
THROUGH A CLEAR AND CONSPICUOUS DISCLOSURE ON A MERCHANT ’S WEBSITE 29
THAT LISTS ALL ELIGI BILITY CRITERIA , THE AVAILABLE DISCOU NT, AND ANY 30
CONDITIONS FOR RECEIVING OR EARNING THE DISCOUNTED PRICE THAT IS: 31

4 HOUSE BILL 895

A. BASED ON PUBLICLY DIS CLOSED ELIGIBILITY 1
CRITERIA THAT ANY CONSUMER COULD SATISFY, SUCH AS AN ELECTION TO RECEIVE 2
PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS OR PARTICIPATE IN PROMOTIONAL EVENTS; 3

B. OFFERED TO MEMBERS OF A BROADLY DEFINED 4
GROUP, INCLUDING TEACHERS, ACTIVE OR RETIRED SE RVICE MEMBERS, SENIOR 5
CITIZENS, STUDENTS, OR RESIDENTS OF A CE RTAIN AREA BASED ON PUBLICLY 6
DISCLOSED ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA; OR 7

C. OFFERED THROUGH A LOY ALTY, MEMBERSHIP, OR 8
REWARDS PROGRAM THAT IS PUBLICLY OFFERED TO ALL CONSUMERS WHO 9
AFFIRMATIVELY CONSENT TO THE PROGRAM; 10

3. A DIFFERENCE IN PRICE BASED ON COSTS OR 11
DIFFERENCES IN SUPPLY OR DEMAND ASSOCIATED WITH PROVIDING OR SELLING A 12
GOOD OR SERVICE IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OR GEOGRAPHIES; 13

4. A DIFFERENCE IN PRICE BASED ON COSTS 14
ASSOCIATED WITH THE AVAILABILITY OR SUPPLY OF THE GOOD OR SERVICE; 15

5. A PRICE OFFERED TO A C ONSUMER THROUGH A 16
LOYALTY, MEMBERSHIP, OR REWARDS PROGRAM I N WHICH ANY CONSUMER MAY 17
VOLUNTARILY ENROLL OR CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE; 18

6. A PRICE OFFERED TO A C ONSUMER IN CONNECTI ON 19
WITH A SUBSCRIPTION–BASED CONTRACT OR AGREEMENT; 20

7. A PRICE OFFERED TO A C ONSUMER WHO CONSENTS 21
TO PROVIDING PERSONA L DATA OR OTHER INFO RMATION IN EXCHANGE FOR 22
OBTAINING THE PRICE; 23

4. 8. 3. A PRICE CORRECTION RES ULTING FROM A 24
PRICING ERROR; OR 25

5. 9. 4. RESETTING A PRICE FOL LOWING A SYSTEM OR 26
NETWORK OUTAGE. 27

(4) (3) (4) “FOOD RETAILER” MEANS A MERCHANT THAT OPERATES A 28
BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENT THAT: 29

(I) HAS A MINIMUM OF 15,000 SQUARE FEET; AND 30

(II) SELLS FOOD THAT IS EX EMPT FROM THE SALES AND USE 31
TAX IN ACCORDANCE WITH § 11–206(C) OF THE TAX – GENERAL ARTICLE. 32
HOUSE BILL 895 5

(5) (4) (5) “SURVEILLANCE PERSONAL DATA” MEANS CONSUMER 1
INFORMATION COLLECTED AND TRACKED BY TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS, SYSTEMS, 2
OR TOOLS , SUCH AS SENSORS , CAMERAS, DEVICE TRACK ING, BIOMETRIC 3
MONITORING, OR OTHER FORMS OF OBSERVATION OR DATA COLLECTION, THAT ARE 4
CAPABLE OF GATHERING PERSONALLY IDENTIFIA BLE INFORMATION ABOU T A 5
CONSUMER’S BEHAVIOR , CHARACTERISTICS, LOCATION, OR OTHER PERSONAL 6
ATTRIBUTES, WHETHER IN A PHYSICA L OR DI GITAL ENVIRONMENT HAS THE 7
MEANING STATED IN § 14–4701 OF THIS ARTICLE. 8

(5) (6) “PROTECTED CLASS DATA” MEANS INFORMATION ABOUT AN 9
INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS THAT , ALONE OR IN COMBINAT ION, 10
DIRECTLY OR BY IMPLI CATION IDENTIFIES A CHARACTERISTIC THAT IS LEGALLY 11
PROTECTED FROM DISCR IMINATION UNDER THE LAWS OF THE STATE OR UNDER 12
FEDERAL LAW. 13

(7) (I) “THIRD–PARTY FOOD DELIVERY SERVICE PRO VIDER” 14
MEANS A MERCHANT THA T PROVIDES FACILITATES AS A CONSUMER SERVIC E THE 15
DELIVERY OF FOOD THAT IS EXEMPT FROM THE SALES AND USE TAX IN ACCORDANCE 16
WITH § 11–206(C) OF THE TAX – GENERAL ARTICLE. 17

(II) “THIRD–PARTY FOOD DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER” DOES 18
NOT INCLUDE A FOOD RETAILER. 19

(B) (1) THIS SUBSECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO: 20

(I) USING PROMOTIONAL PRICING OFFERS, LOYALTY PROGRAM 21
BENEFITS, OR OTHER TEMPORARY D ISCOUNTS OR CHANGES TO PRICING RELATED 22
TO RETENTION OF EXISTING CUSTOMERS; 23

(II) SETTING A DIFFERENT P RICE BASED ON OBJECTIVE COSTS 24
ATTRIBUTABLE TO PROV IDING CONSUMER GOODS OR SERVICES TO DIFFE RENT 25
CONSUMERS, SUCH AS A DIFFERENCE IN PRICE CAUSED BY S HIPPING COSTS OR 26
TAXES BASED ON A CONSUMER’S PHYSICAL LOCATION; 27

(III) SETTING A DIFFERENT P RICE BASED ON COSTS OR 28
DIFFERENCES IN SUPPLY OR DEMAND ASSOCIATED WITH PROVIDING OR SELLING A 29
GOOD OR SERVICE IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OR GEOGRAPHIES; 30

(IV) SETTING A DIFFERENT PRICE BASED ON COSTS ASSOCIATED 31
WITH THE AVAILABILITY OR SUPPLY OF THE GOOD OR SERVICE; 32

6 HOUSE BILL 895

(V) OFFERING A PRICE TO A CONSUMER THROUGH A L OYALTY, 1
MEMBERSHIP, OR REWARDS PROGRAM IN WHICH ANY CONSUMER MAY VOLUNTARILY 2
ENROLL OR CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE; 3

(VI) OFFERING A PRICE TO A CONSUMER IN CONNECTION WITH A 4
SUBSCRIPTION–BASED CONTRACT OR AGREEMENT; 5

(VII) OFFERING A PRICE TO A CONSUMER WHO CONSENT S TO 6
PROVIDING PERSONAL D ATA OR OTHER IN FORMATION IN EXCHANG E FOR 7
OBTAINING THE PRICE; 8

(VIII) CORRECTING A PRICE RESULTING FROM A PRICING ERROR; 9
OR 10

(IX) RESETTING A PRICE FOL LOWING A SYSTEM OR N ETWORK 11
OUTAGE. 12

(2) A FOOD RETAILER OR THIRD –PARTY FOOD DELIVERY SERVICE 13
PROVIDER MAY NOT ENGAGE: 14

(1) (I) ENGAGE IN DYNAMIC PRICING TO SET A HIGHER PRICE FOR 15
FOOD THAT IS EXEMPT FROM THE SALE AND US E TAX IN ACCORDANCE WITH § 16
11–206(C) OF THE TAX – GENERAL ARTICLE FOR A SPECIFIC CONSUMER; OR USE 17

(2) (II) USE SURVEILLANCE PERSONAL DATA TO SET A HIGHER 18
PRICE FOR CONSUMER GOODS OR SERVICES FOOD THAT IS EXEMPT FROM THE SALE 19
AND USE TAX UNDER § 11–206(C) OF THE TAX – GENERAL ARTICLE FOR A SINGLE 20
CONSUMER OR A GROUP OF CONSUMERS. 21

(C) A FOOD RETAILER OR THIRD –PARTY FOOD DELIVERY SERVICE 22
PROVIDER MAY NOT USE PROTECTED CLASS DATA TO OFFER, ADVERTISE, OR SELL 23
A CONSUMER GOOD OR SERVICE TO A CONSUMER FOR WHOM THE PROTECTED CLASS 24
DATA PERTAINS IF THE USE OF THE PROTECTED CLASS DATA HAS THE E FFECT OF 25
WITHHOLDING OR DENYI NG FRO M THE CONSUMER AN AC COMMODATION, AN 26
ADVANTAGE, OR A PRIVILEGE ACCORDED TO OTHERS. 27

(D) (1) BEFORE INITIATING AN ENFORCEMENT ACTION UNDER SUBTITLE 28
4 OF THIS TITLE FOR A VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION, THE DIVISION SHALL ISSUE A 29
NOTICE OF VIOLATION TO THE ALLEGED VIOLATOR. 30

(2) THE DIVISION SHALL PROVIDE THE ALLEGED VIOLATOR 45 DAYS 31
AFTER THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION IS RECEIVED TO CURE THE VIOLATION. 32

HOUSE BILL 895 7

(3) IF THE ALLEGED VIOLAT OR CURES THE VIOLATI ON WITHIN THE 1
TIME PERIOD SPECIFIE D UNDER PARAGRAPH (2) OF THIS SUBS ECTION, THE 2
DIVISION MAY NOT INITIATE AN ENFORCEMENT ACTION FOR A VIOLATION OF THIS 3
SECTION. 4

(E) THIS SECTION MAY NOT BE CONSTRUED TO AUTH ORIZE A PRIVATE 5
RIGHT OF ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION OR ANY OTHER LAW. 6

13–322. 7

(A) (1) IN THIS SECTION THE FOLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE MEANINGS 8
INDICATED. 9

(2) “CLEAR AND CONSPICUOUS DISCLOSURE” MEANS DISCLOSURE: 10

(I) IN THE SAME MEDIUM AS, AND PROVIDED ON, AT, OR NEAR 11
AND CONTEMPORANEOUS WITH, EACH COMMUNICATION O F A PRICE FOR WHICH 12
NOTICE IS REQUIRED; AND 13

(II) USING LETTERING AND W ORDING THAT IS EASIL Y VISIBLE 14
AND UNDERSTANDABLE TO A CONSUMER. 15

(3) “COMMUNICATION” MEANS A DISPLAY, AN IMAGE, AN OFFER, OR 16
AN ANNOUNCEMENT. 17

(4) “DYNAMIC PRICING” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 13–321 OF 18
THIS SUBTITLE. 19

(5) “PERSONAL DATA” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 14–4701 OF 20
THIS ARTICLE. 21

(B) THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO: 22

(1) CONDUCT OF A MERCHANT THAT IS REGULATED UN DER THE 23
INSURANCE ARTICLE; 24

(2) CONDUCT OF A FOOD RET AILER OR THIRD –PARTY FOOD 25
DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SUBJECT TO § 13–321 OF THIS SUBTITLE; 26

(3) (I) A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, AS DEFINED IN § 1–101 OF THE 27
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ARTICLE; OR 28

8 HOUSE BILL 895

(II) A FINANCIAL INSTITUTIO N OR AN AFFILIATE OF A 1
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIO N THAT IS SUBJECT TO TITLE V OF THE 2
GRAMM–LEACH–BLILEY ACT; OR 3

(4) A LOWER PRICE THAT IS OFFERED TO A CONSUME R WHO IS AN 4
EMPLOYEE OF THE MERCHANT. 5

(C) A MERCHANT MAY NOT SET THE PRICE OF A CONSU MER GOOD OR 6
SERVICE USING DYNAMI C PRICING OR PERSONA L DATA AND DIRECTLY OR 7
INDIRECTLY ADVER TISE OR PROMOTE , INCLUDE ON A LABEL , OR PUBLISH ANY 8
OTHER COMMUNICATION CONTAINING THE PRICE , UNLESS THE MERCHANT 9
INCLUDES WITH THE AD VERTISEMENT, PROMOTION, LABEL, OR OTHER 10
COMMUNICATION A CLEAR AND CONSPICUOUS DISCLOSURE WITH THE FOLLOWING 11
STATEMENT: 12

“THIS PRICE WAS SET BY AN ALGORITHM OR BY USING YOUR 13
PERSONAL DATA”. 14

(D) (1) BEFORE INITIATING AN ENFORCEMENT ACTION UNDER SUBTITLE 15
4 OF THIS TITLE FOR A VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION, THE DIVISION SHALL ISSUE A 16
NOTICE OF VIOLATION TO THE ALLEGED VIOLATOR. 17

(2) THE DIVISION SHALL PROVIDE THE ALLEGED VIOLATOR 45 DAYS 18
AFTER THE NOTICE OF VIOLATION IS RECEIVED TO CURE THE VIOLATION. 19

(3) IF THE ALLEGED VIOLAT OR CURES THE VIOLATI ON WITHIN THE 20
TIME PERIOD SPECIFIE D UNDER PARAGRAPH (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION , THE 21
DIVISION MAY NOT INITIATE AN ENFORCEMENT ACTION FOR A VIOLATION OF THIS 22
SECTION. 23

13–408. 24

(a) THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO A VIOLATION OF § 13–321 OR § 25
13–322 OF THIS TITLE. 26

(B) In addition to any action by the Division or Attorney General authorized by 27
this title and any other action otherwise authorized by law, any person may bring an action 28
to recover for injury or loss sustained by him as the result of a practice prohibited by this 29
title. 30

[(b)] (C) Any person who brings an action to recover for injury or loss under this 31
section and who is awarded damages may also seek, and the court may award, reasonable 32
attorney’s fees. 33

HOUSE BILL 895 9

[(c)] (D) If it appears to the satisfaction of the court, at any time, that an action 1
is brought in bad faith or is of a friv olous nature, the court may order the offending party 2
to pay to the other party reasonable attorney’s fees. 3

[(d)] (E) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, a person may not 4
bring an action under this section to recover for injuries sustain ed as a result of the 5
professional services provided by a health care provider, as defined in § 3 –2A–01 of the 6
Courts Article. 7

13–411. 8

(A) THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO A VIOLATION OF § 13–321 OR § 9
13–322 OF THIS TITLE. 10

[(a)] (B) Except as provided in subsection [(b)] (C) of this section, any person 11
who violates any provision of this title is guilty of a misdemeanor and, unless another 12
criminal penalty is specifically provided elsewhere, on conviction is subject to a fine not 13
exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding one year or both, in addition to any civil 14
penalties. 15

[(b)] (C) A person may not be imprisoned for violation of any provision of an 16
order of the Attorney General or an agreement of a party relating to unit pricin g under 17
Title 14, Subtitle 1 of this article. 18

14–4701. 19

(a) In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated. 20

(w) (1) “Personal data” means any information that is linked or can be 21
reasonably linked to an identified or identifiable consumer. 22

(2) “Personal data” does not include: 23

(i) De–identified data; or 24

(ii) Publicly available information. 25

Article – Labor and Employment 26

4–406. 27

(A) IN THIS SECTION , “FOOD RETAILER” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 28
13–321 OF THE COMMERCIAL LAW ARTICLE. 29

(B) A FOOD RETAILER MAY NO T IMPLEMENT AN ADMIN ISTRATIVE, 30
OPERATIONAL, OR ORGANIZATIONAL CH ANGE THAT DIMINISHES OR IMPAIRS ANY 31
10 HOUSE BILL 895

RIGHT OR BENEFIT GUA RANTEED TO EMPLOYEES OF THE FOOD RETAILER UNDER 1
AN EXISTING COLLECTI VE BARGAINING AGREEM ENT OR MEMO RANDUM OF 2
UNDERSTANDING UNLESS THE CHANGE IS NEGOTIATED AND MUTUALLY AGREED ON 3
WITH THE EXCLUSIVE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE EMPLOYEES. 4

(C) A PERSON MAY BRING AN ACTION TO RECOVER FO R INJURY OR LOSS 5
SUSTAINED AS A RESULT OF A VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION. 6

(D) A PERSON WHO BRINGS AN ACTION TO RECOVER FOR INJURY OR LOSS 7
UNDER THIS SECTION A ND WHO IS AWARDED DA MAGES MAY ALSO SEEK , AND THE 8
COURT MAY AWARD, REASONABLE ATTORNEY’S FEES. 9

(E) IF IT APPEARS TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE COURT, AT ANY TIME , 10
THAT AN ACTION IS BROUGHT IN BAD FA ITH OR IS OF A FRIVO LOUS NATURE, THE 11
COURT MAY ORDER THE OFFENDING PARTY TO P AY TO THE OTHER PART Y 12
REASONABLE ATTORNEY’S FEES. 13

Article – Tax – General 14

11–206. 15

(c) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the sales and 16
use tax does not apply to a sale of food for consumption off the premises by a food vendor 17
who operates a substantial grocery or market business at the same location where the food 18
is sold. 19

(2) The exemption under paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply to: 20

(i) food that the vendor serves for consumption on the premises of 21
the buyer or of a third party; or 22

(ii) food for immediate consumption. 23

SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act is an emergency 24
measure, is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public health or safety, has 25
been passed by a yea and nay vote supported by three –fifths of all the members elected to 26
each of the two Houses of the General Assembly, and shall take effect from the date it is 27
enacted shall take effect October 1, 2026. 28