Anne Arundel, Montgomery, and Prince George's Counties - Crosswalk Monitoring Systems

EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MATTER ADDED TO EXISTING LAW.
[Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
Underlining indicates amendments to bill.
Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by
amendment.
*hb0938*

HOUSE BILL 938
R5 6lr2813

By: Delegates Behler and D. Jones, D. Jones, Foley, Healey, and Holmes
Introduced and read first time: February 5, 2026
Assigned to: Environment and Transportation
Committee Report: Favorable with amendments
House action: Adopted
Read second time: March 9, 2026

CHAPTER ______

AN ACT concerning 1

Anne Arundel County and the City of Annapolis, Montgomery, and Prince 2
George’s Counties – Crosswalk Monitoring Systems – Authorization 3

FOR the purpose of authorizing the use of crosswalk monitoring systems in Anne Arundel 4
County and the City of Annapolis , Montgomery, and Prince George’s counties and 5
municipalities in those counties , if authorized by local law; requiring the fines 6
collected by a political subdivision as a result of violations enforced by a crosswalk 7
monitoring system to be used to improve safety at certain crosswalks by funding the 8
implementation of infrastructure enhancements; providing that certain provisions of 9
law and protections relating to the inspection, use, removal, and destruction of 10
recorded images and associated data apply to recorded images produced by a 11
crosswalk monitoring system; providing that the owner or driver of a motor vehicle 12
recorded failing to yield to a pedestrian crossing a roadway in a crosswalk is subject 13
to a citation and a certain civil penalty under certain circumstances; establishing 14
certain defenses to a charge of an alle ged violation recorded by a crosswalk 15
monitoring system; prohibiting a contractor administering a crosswalk monitoring 16
system from being compensated in a certain manner; and generally relating to the 17
use of crosswalk monitoring systems in Anne Arundel County and the City of 18
Annapolis, Montgomery, and Prince George’s counties and municipalities in those 19
counties. 20

BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 21
Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 22
Section 4–401(13), 7–302(e)(1) through (3) and (4)(i), and 10–311 23
Annotated Code of Maryland 24
2 HOUSE BILL 938

(2020 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 1

BY adding to 2
Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 3
Section 7–302(e)(4)(viii) 4
Annotated Code of Maryland 5
(2020 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 6

BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 7
Article – General Provisions 8
Section 4–321 9
Annotated Code of Maryland 10
(2019 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 11

BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 12
Article – Transportation 13
Section 12–113.1(b) 14
Annotated Code of Maryland 15
(2020 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 16

BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 17
Article – Transportation 18
Section 21–502 19
Annotated Code of Maryland 20
(2020 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 21

BY adding to 22
Article – Transportation 23
Section 21–502.2 24
Annotated Code of Maryland 25
(2020 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 26

SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 27
That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 28

Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 29

4–401. 30

Except as provided in § 4–402 of this subtitle, and subject to the venue provisions of 31
Title 6 of this article, the District Court has exclusive original civil jurisdiction in: 32

(13) A proceeding for a civil infraction under § 21 –202.1, § 21–502.2, § 33
21–704.1, § 21–706.1, § 21–707.1, § 21–809, § 21–810, § 21–1134, § 22–612, or § 24–111.3 34
of the Transportation Article or § 10–112 of the Criminal Law Article; 35

7–302. 36
HOUSE BILL 938 3

(e) (1) (i) A citation issued under § 21 –202.1, § 21–502.2, § 21–706.1, § 1
21–707.1, § 21 –809, § 21 –810, § 21 –1134, § 22 –612, or § 24 –111.3 of the Transportation 2
Article shall provide that the person receiving the citation may elect to stand trial by 3
notifying the issuing agency of the person’s intention to stand tria l at least 5 days before 4
the date of payment as set forth in the citation. 5

(ii) On receipt of the notice to stand trial, the agency shall forward 6
to the District Court having venue a copy of the citation and a copy of the notice from the 7
person who received the citation indicating the person’s intention to stand trial. 8

(iii) On receipt thereof, the District Court shall schedule the case for 9
trial and notify the defendant of the trial date under procedures adopted by the Chief Judge 10
of the District Court. 11

(2) (i) A citation issued as the result of any of the following systems or 12
cameras controlled by a political subdivision shall provide that, in an uncontested case, the 13
penalty shall be paid directly to that political subdivision: 14

1. A vehicle height monitoring system; 15

2. A traffic control signal monitoring system; 16

3. A speed monitoring system; 17

4. A work zone speed control system; 18

5. A stop sign monitoring system; 19

6. A CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEM; 20

7. A school bus monitoring camera; 21

[7.] 8. A bus lane monitoring system; or 22

[8.] 9. A noise abatement monitoring system. 23

(ii) A citation issued as the result of any of the following systems or 24
cameras controlled by a political subdivision shall provide that, in a contested case, the 25
penalty shall be paid directly to the District Court: 26

1. A vehicle height monitoring system; 27

2. A traffic control signal monitoring system; 28

3. A speed monitoring system; 29

4 HOUSE BILL 938

4. A work zone speed control system; 1

5. A stop sign monitoring system; 2

6. A CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEM; 3

7. A school bus monitoring camera; 4

[7.] 8. A bus lane monitoring system; or 5

[8.] 9. A noise abatement monitoring system. 6

(iii) A citation issued as the result of any of the following systems or 7
cameras controlled by a State agency shall provide that, in an uncontested or contested 8
case, the penalty shall be paid directly to the District Court: 9

1. A traffic control signal monitoring system; 10

2. A work zone speed control system; 11

3. A speed monitoring system; or 12

4. A bus lane monitoring system. 13

(3) (i) Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of this 14
paragraph and paragraph (6) of this subsection, civil penalties resulting from citations 15
issued using a vehicle height monitoring system, traffic control signal monitoring system, 16
speed monitoring system, work zone speed control system, stop sign monitoring system, 17
CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEM, school bus monitoring camera, bus lane monitoring 18
system, or a noise abatement monitoring system that are collected by the District Court 19
shall be collected in accordance with subsection (a) of this section and distributed in 20
accordance with § 12–118 of the Transportation Article. 21

(ii) 1. The fines c ollected by the District Court as a result of 22
violations enforced by speed monitoring systems on Interstate 695 in Baltimore County and 23
Interstate 83 in Baltimore County shall be remitted to the Comptroller for distribution to 24
the State Highway Administration to be used solely to: 25

A. Recover the cost of implementing and administering the 26
speed monitoring systems on Interstate 695 in Baltimore County and Interstate 83 in 27
Baltimore County; and 28

B. Assist in covering the cost of roadway and safety 29
improvements on Interstate 695 in Baltimore County and Interstate 83 in Baltimore 30
County. 31

HOUSE BILL 938 5

2. Fines distributed to the State Highway Administration 1
under subsubparagraph 1 of this subparagraph are supplemental to and are not intended 2
to take the place of funding that would otherwise be appropriated for uses described under 3
subsubparagraph 1 of this subparagraph. 4

(iii) Civil penalties resulting from citations issued using a speed 5
monitoring system controlled by the Maryland Transportation Authority that are collected 6
by the District Court shall be collected in accordance with subsection (a) of this section and 7
remitted to the Maryland Transportation Authority. 8

(4) (i) Except as provided in paragraphs (5) and (6) of this subsection, 9
from the fines collected by a political subdivision as a result of violations enforced by speed 10
monitoring systems, work zone speed control systems, stop sign monitoring systems, 11
CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS, school bus monitoring cameras, bus lane 12
monitoring systems, or noise abatement monitoring systems, a political subdivision: 13

1. May recover the costs of implementing and administering 14
the speed monitoring systems, work zone speed control systems, stop sign monitoring 15
systems, school bus monitoring cameras, CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS, bus lane 16
monitoring systems, or noise abatement monitoring systems; and 17

2. Subject to subparagraphs (ii), (iii), and, (iv), AND (VIII) of 18
this paragraph, may spend any remaining balance solely for public safety purposes, 19
including pedestrian or highway safety programs. 20

(VIII) FROM THE FINES COLLECTED BY A POLITICAL SUBDIVISION 21
AS A RESULT OF VIOLA TIONS ENFORCED BY CR OSSWALK MONITORING S YSTEMS 22
PLACED IN ACCORDANCE WITH § 21–502.2 OF THE TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE, ANY 23
BALANCE REMAINING AFTER THE ALLOCATION OF FINES UNDER SUBPARAGRAPH 24
(I)1 OF THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL BE USED TO IMPROVE SAFETY AT CROSSWALKS AT 25
WHICH A CROSSWALK MO NITORING SYSTEM IS P LACED BY FUNDING THE 26
IMPLEMENTATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE ENHANCEMENTS INCLUDING: 27

1. HAWK SIGNALS; 28

2. BEACONS; 29

3. RAISED CROSSWALKS; 30

4. PYLONS; AND 31

5. PEDESTRIAN PUSH–BUTTON SYSTEMS. 32

10–311. 33

6 HOUSE BILL 938

(a) A recorded image of a motor vehicle produced by a traffic control signal 1
monitoring system in accordance with § 21 –202.1 o f the Transportation Article is 2
admissible in a proceeding concerning a civil citation issued under that section for a 3
violation of § 21–202(h) of the Transportation Article without authentication. 4

(b) A recorded image of a motor vehicle produced by a speed monitoring system 5
in accordance with § 21 –809 or § 21 –810 of the Transportation Article is admissible in a 6
proceeding concerning a civil citation issued under that section for a violation of Title 21, 7
Subtitle 8 of the Transportation Article without authentication. 8

(c) A recorded image of a motor vehicle produced by a school bus monitoring 9
camera in accordance with § 21 –706.1 of the Transportation Article is admissible in a 10
proceeding concerning a civil citation issued under that section for a viola tion of § 21–706 11
of the Transportation Article without authentication. 12

(d) A recorded image of a motor vehicle produced by a vehicle height monitoring 13
system in accordance with § 24 –111.3 of the Transportation Article is admissible in a 14
proceeding concerning a civil citation issued under that section for a violation of a State or 15
local law restricting the presence of certain vehicles during certain times without 16
authentication. 17

(e) A recorded image of a motor vehicle produced by a bus lane monitoring system 18
in accordance with § 21 –1134 of the Transportation Article is admissible in a proceeding 19
concerning a civil citation issued under that section for a violation of § 21 –1133 of the 20
Transportation Article without authentication. 21

(f) A recorded image of a motor vehicle and any relevant recorded audio produced 22
by a noise abatement monitoring system in conjunction with a noise measuring device in 23
accordance with § 22 –612 of the Transportation Article is admissible in a proceeding 24
concerning a civil citatio n issued under that section for a violation of § 22 –602 of the 25
Transportation Article without authentication. 26

(g) A recorded image of a motor vehicle produced by a stop sign monitoring system 27
in accordance with § 21 –707.1 of the Transportation Article is admissible in a proceeding 28
concerning a civil citation issued under that section for a violation of § 21 –707 of the 29
Transportation Article without authentication. 30

(h) A RECORDED IMAGE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCED BY A CROSSWALK 31
MONITORING SYSTEM IN ACCORDANCE WITH § 21–502.2 OF THE TRANSPORTATION 32
ARTICLE IS ADMISSIBLE IN A PROCEEDING CONCERNING A CIVIL CITATION ISSUED 33
UNDER THAT SECTION F OR A VIOLATION OF § 21–502(A)(2) OF THE 34
TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE WITHOUT AUTHENTICATION. 35

(I) In any other judicial proceeding, a recorded image produced by a vehicle 36
height monitoring system, traffic control signal monitoring system, speed monitoring 37
system, work zone speed control system, stop sign monitoring system, CROSSWALK 38
HOUSE BILL 938 7

MONITORING SYSTEM, school bus monitoring camera, or bus lane monitoring system or a 1
recorded image and any relevant recorded audio produced by a noise abatement monitoring 2
system in conjunction with a noise measuring device is admissible as otherwise provided 3
by law. 4

Article – General Provisions 5

4–321. 6

(a) In this section, “recorded image” or “recorded images” has the meaning stated 7
in § 21 –202.1, § 21 –706.1, § 21 –809, § 21 –810, § 21 –1134, § 22 –612, or § 24 –111.3 of the 8
Transportation Article. 9

(b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of thi s section, a custodian shall deny 10
inspection of recorded images produced by: 11

(1) a traffic control signal monitoring system operated under § 21–202.1 of 12
the Transportation Article; 13

(2) A CROSSWALK MONITORI NG SYSTEM OPERATED U NDER § 14
21–502.2 OF THE TRANSPORTATION ARTICLE; 15

(3) an automated railroad grade crossing enforcement system operated 16
under § 21–704.1 of the Transportation Article; 17

[(3)] (4) a school bus monitoring camera operated under § 21–706.1 of the 18
Transportation Article; 19

[(4)] (5) a stop sign monitoring system operated under § 21 –707.1 of the 20
Transportation Article; 21

[(5)] (6) a speed monitoring system operated under § 21 –809 of the 22
Transportation Article; 23

[(6)] (7) a work zone speed control system operated under § 21–810 of the 24
Transportation Article; 25

[(7)] (8) a bus lane monitoring system operated under § 21 –1134 of the 26
Transportation Article; 27

[(8)] (9) a noise abatement monitoring system operated under § 22 –612 28
of the Transportation Article; or 29

[(9)] (10) a vehicle height monitoring system operated under § 24–111.3 of 30
the Transportation Article. 31

8 HOUSE BILL 938

(c) A custodian shall allow inspection of recorded images: 1

(1) as required in § 12 –113.1, § 21 –202.1, § 21–502.2, § 21 –704.1, § 2
21–706.1, § 21 –707.1, § 21 –809, § 21 –810, § 21 –1134, § 22 –612, or § 24 –111.3 of the 3
Transportation Article; 4

(2) by any person issued a citation under § 21 –202.1, § 21–502.2, § 5
21–704.1, § 21–706.1, § 21–707.1, § 21–809, § 21–810, § 21–1134, § 22–612, or § 24–111.3 6
of the Transportation Article, or by an attorney of record for the person; or 7

(3) by an employee or agent of an agency in an investigation or a proceeding 8
relating to the imposition of or indemnification from civil liability under § 21 –202.1, § 9
21–502.2, § 21–704.1, § 21–706.1, § 21–707.1, § 21–809, § 21–810, § 21–1134, § 22–612, or 10
§ 24–111.3 of the Transportation Article. 11

Article – Transportation 12

12–113.1. 13

(b) This section applies to: 14

(1) Traffic control signal monitoring systems under § 21 –202.1 of this 15
article; 16

(2) CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS UNDER § 21–502.2 OF THIS 17
ARTICLE; 18

(3) Automated railroad grade crossing enforcement systems under § 19
21–704.1 of this article; 20

[(3)] (4) School bus monitoring cameras under § 21–706.1 of this article; 21

[(4)] (5) Stop sign monitoring systems under § 21–707.1 of this article; 22

[(5)] (6) Speed monitoring systems under § 21–809 of this article; 23

[(6)] (7) Work zone speed control systems under § 21–810 of this article; 24

[(7)] (8) Bus lane monitoring systems under § 21–1134 of this article; 25

[(8)] (9) Noise abatement monitoring systems under § 22 –612 of this 26
article; 27

[(9)] (10) Vehicle height monitoring systems under § 24 –111.3 of this 28
article; and 29

HOUSE BILL 938 9

[(10)] (11) Any other automated traffic enforcement system authorized 1
under State law. 2

21–502. 3

(a) (1) This subsection does not apply where: 4

(i) A pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing is provided, 5
as described in § 21–503(b) of this subtitle; or 6

(ii) A traffic control signal is in operation. 7

(2) The driver of a vehicle shall come to a stop when a pedestrian crossing 8
the roadway in a crosswalk is: 9

(i) On the half of the roadway on which the vehicle is traveling; or 10

(ii) Approaching from an adjacent lane on the other half o f the 11
roadway. 12

(b) A pedestrian may not suddenly leave a curb or other place of safety and walk 13
or run into the path of a vehicle which is so close that it is impossible for the driver to yield. 14

(c) If, at a marked crosswalk or at an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection, a 15
vehicle is stopped to let a pedestrian cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle 16
approaching from the rear may not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle. 17

(d) A person may not commit a violation of subsection (a) or (c) of this section that 18
contributes to an accident. 19

(e) A person convicted of a violation of subsection (d) of this section is subject to 20
imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both. 21

21–502.2. 22

(A) THIS SECTION APPLIES ONLY IN: 23

(1) ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, AND PRINCE 24
GEORGE’S COUNTY; AND 25

(2) MUNICIPALITIES LOCATE D IN ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, 26
MONTGOMERY COUNTY, AND PRINCE GEORGE’S COUNTY. 27

(B) (1) IN THIS SECTION THE F OLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE MEANINGS 28
INDICATED. 29

10 HOUSE BILL 938

(2) “AGENCY” MEANS A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGEN CY THAT IS 1
AUTHORIZED TO ISSUE A CITATION FOR A VIOLATION OF THE MARYLAND VEHICLE 2
LAW OR OF LOCAL TRAFFIC LAWS OR REGULATIONS. 3

(3) “CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEM” MEANS A DEVICE DESIGNED 4
TO CAPTURE A RECORDED IMAGE OF A VIOLATION. 5

(4) “LOCAL JURISDICTION” MEANS ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY OR THE 6
CITY OF ANNAPOLIS. 7

(5) (4) (I) “OWNER” MEANS THE REGISTERED OWNER OF A 8
MOTOR VEHICLE OR LESSEE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE UNDER A LEASE OF 6 MONTHS OR 9
MORE. 10

(II) “OWNER” DOES NOT INCLUDE: 11

1. A MOTOR VEHICLE LEASING COMPANY; OR 12

2. A HOLDER OF A SPECIAL REGISTRATION PLATE 13
ISSUED UNDER TITLE 13, SUBTITLE 9, PART III OF THIS ARTICLE. 14

(6) (5) “RECORDED IMAGE ” MEANS IMAGES RECORDE D BY A 15
CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEM: 16

(I) ON: 17

1. TWO OR MORE PHOTOGRAPHS; 18

2. TWO OR MORE MICROPHOTOGRAPHS; 19

3. TWO OR MORE ELECTRONIC IMAGES; 20

4. VIDEOTAPE; OR 21

5. ANY OTHER MEDIUM; AND 22

(II) SHOWING A MOTOR VEHICLE AND, ON AT LEAST ONE IMAGE 23
OR PORTION OF TAPE , CLEARLY IDENTIFYING THE REGISTRATION PLATE NUMBER 24
OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE. 25

(7) (6) (I) “VIOLATION” MEANS A FAILURE TO C OME TO A 26
COMPLETE STOP AT A CROSSWALK IN VIOLATION OF § 21–502(A)(2) OF THIS 27
SUBTITLE. 28

HOUSE BILL 938 11

(II) “VIOLATION” DOES NOT INCLUDE ANY ACTION A DRIVER IS 1
INSTRUCTED TO TAKE BY A POLICE OFFICER. 2

(C) (1) SUBJECT TO PARAGRAPHS (2) THROUGH (5) (6) OF THIS 3
SUBSECTION, AN AGENCY MAY USE CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS: 4

(I) ON HIGHWAYS MAINTAINED BY A LOCAL JURISDI CTION, IF 5
AUTHORIZED BY THE GOVERNING BODY OF THE LOCAL JURISDICTION; OR 6

(II) ON STATE HIGHWAYS , IF AUTHORIZED BY THE STATE 7
HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. 8

(2) (I) A CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEM: 9

(I) 1. MAY NOT BE USED IN A LOCAL JURISDICTION UNDER 10
THIS SECTION UNLESS ITS USE IS AUTHORIZE D BY THE GOVERNING BODY OF TH E 11
LOCAL JURISDICTION BY LOCAL LAW ENACTED AFTER REASONABLE NOTICE AND A 12
PUBLIC HEARING; AND 13

(II) 2. MAY BE USED ONLY AT A LOCATION APPROVED BY 14
THE GOVERNING BODY OF THE LOCAL JURISDICTION. 15

(II) IN MONTGOMERY COUNTY, A CROSSWALK MONITORING 16
SYSTEM MAY BE USED ONLY: 17

1. AT A LOCATION IDENTIF IED USING METHODOLOG Y 18
FOR THE PLACEMENT OF AUTOMATED TRAFFIC EN FORCEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE 19
COUNTY IN EXISTENCE ON JUNE 30, 2026; OR 20

2. FOR A STATE HIGHWAY, AT A LOCATION APPROV ED 21
BY THE MONTGOMERY COUNTY COUNCIL. 22

(3) THE A COUNTY SHALL PRIORIT IZE THE PLACEMENT OF 23
CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS WITHIN MUNIC IPALITIES THAT HAVE HIGH 24
VIOLATION RATES. 25

(4) BEFORE BEGINNING USE OF CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS, 26
AN AGENCY SHALL PUBLISH NOTICE THAT THE AGENCY HAS ADOPTED THE USE OF 27
CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS O N ITS WEBSITE AND IN A NEWSPAPER OF 28
GENERAL CIRCULATION IN THE JURISDICTION IN WHICH THE CROSSWA LK 29
MONITORING SYSTEM WILL BE USED. 30

(5) (I) THE LOCAL JURISDICTIO N SUBJECT TO SUBPARAGRA PH 31
(II) OF THIS PARAGRAPH , A LOCAL JURISDICTION THAT PLACES A CROSSW ALK 32
12 HOUSE BILL 938

MONITORING SYSTEM UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL PROMINENTLY PLACE SIGNS ON 1
HIGHWAYS WITHIN THE LOCAL JURISDICTION PROVIDING NOTICE THA T 2
CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS ARE USED IN THE LOCAL JURISDICTION. 3

(II) THE STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION SHALL PLACE 4
SIGNS PROMINENTLY PROVIDING NOTICE THAT CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS 5
ARE IN USE ON STATE HIGHWAYS BEFORE PLACING A SIGN ON A STATE HIGHWAY 6
UNDER THIS PARAGRAPH, A LOCAL JURISDICTION SHALL OBTAIN THE APPROVAL OF 7
THE STATE HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. 8

(III) SIGNAGE PLACED UNDER SUBPARAGRAPHS (I) AND (II) OF 9
THIS PARAGRAPH SHALL BE WITHIN A PROXIMAT E DISTANCE TO ANY AC TIVE 10
CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEM. 11

(6) IN MONTGOMERY COUNTY, CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEMS 12
MAY NOT BE USED AT MORE THAN 30 LOCATIONS IN MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 13

(D) A RECORDED IMAGE UNDER THIS SECTION INDICAT ING THAT THE 14
DRIVER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE HAS COMMITTED A VIOLATION SHALL INCLUDE: 15

(1) THE TIME AND DATE OF THE VIOLATION; AND 16

(2) TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LOCATION OF THE VIOLATION. 17

(E) (1) UNLESS THE DRIVER OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE RE CEIVED A 18
CITATION FROM A POLI CE OFFICER AT THE TI ME OF THE VIOLATION , THE OWNER 19
OR, IN ACCORDANCE WITH S UBSECTION (F)(3) OR (H)(4) OR (5) OF THIS SECTION, 20
THE DRIVER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE IS SUBJECT TO A CIVIL PENALTY IF THE MOTOR 21
VEHICLE IS RECORDED BY A CROSSWALK MONITORING SYSTEM DU RING THE 22
COMMISSION OF A VIOLATION. 23

(2) A CIVIL PENALTY UNDER THIS SUBSECTION MAY NOT EXCEED $40 24
$65. 25

(3) FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, THE DISTRICT COURT SHALL 26
PRESCRIBE: 27

(I) A UNIFORM CITATION FOR M CONSISTENT WITH 28
SUBSECTION (F)(1) OF THIS SECTION AND § 7–302 OF THE COURTS ARTICLE; AND 29

(II) A CIVIL PENALTY , WHICH SHALL BE INDIC ATED ON THE 30
CITATION, TO BE PAID BY PERSONS WHO CHOOSE TO PREPAY THE CIVIL PENALTY 31
WITHOUT APPEARING IN DISTRICT COURT. 32

HOUSE BILL 938 13

(F) (1) SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF PARAGRAPHS (2) THROUGH (5) 1
OF THIS SUBSECTION , AN AGENCY SHALL MAIL TO THE OWNER LIABLE UNDER 2
SUBSECTION (E) OF THIS SECTION A CITATION THAT SHALL INCLUDE: 3

(I) THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE REGISTERED OW NER OF 4
THE VEHICLE; 5

(II) THE REGISTRATION NUMB ER OF THE MOTOR VEHI CLE 6
INVOLVED IN THE VIOLATION; 7

(III) THE VIOLATION CHARGED; 8

(IV) TO THE EXTENT POSSIBL E, THE LOCATION OF THE 9
VIOLATION; 10

(V) THE DATE AND TIME OF THE VIOLATION; 11

(VI) A COPY OF THE RECORDED IMAGE; 12

(VII) THE AMOUNT OF THE CIV IL PENALTY IMPOSED A ND THE 13
DATE BY WHICH THE CIVIL PENALTY MUST BE PAID; 14

(VIII) A SIGNED STATEMENT BY A TECHNICIAN EMPLOYED BY THE 15
AGENCY THAT, BASED ON THE INSPECTION OF THE RECORDED IMAGE, THE MOTOR 16
VEHICLE WAS BEING OPERATED DURING THE COMMISSION OF A VIOLATION; 17

(IX) A STATEMENT THAT THE RECORDED IMAGE IS EVIDENCE OF 18
A VIOLATION; AND 19

(X) INFORMATION ADVISING THE PERSON ALLEGED TO BE 20
LIABLE UNDER THIS SECTION: 21

1. OF THE MANNER AND TIM E IN WHICH LIABILITY AS 22
ALLEGED IN THE CITATION MAY BE CONTESTED IN THE DISTRICT COURT; AND 23

2. THAT FAILURE TO PAY T HE CIVIL PENALTY OR TO 24
CONTEST LIABILITY IN A TIMELY MANNER IS AN ADMISSION OF LIABILITY AND MAY 25
RESULT IN REFUSAL OR SUSPENSION OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION. 26

(2) THE AGENCY MAY MAIL A WARNING NOTICE IN PL ACE OF A 27
CITATION TO THE OWNER LIABLE UNDER SUBSECTION (E) OF THIS SECTION. 28

(3) (I) BEFORE MAILING A CITA TION TO A MOTOR VEHI CLE 29
RENTAL COMPANY LIABL E UNDER SUBSECTION (E) OF THIS SECTION , AN AGENCY 30
14 HOUSE BILL 938

SHALL MAIL A NOTICE TO THE MOTOR VEHICLE RENTAL COMPANY STATING THAT A 1
CITATION WILL BE MAI LED TO THE MOTOR VEH ICLE RENTAL COMPANY UNLESS, 2
WITHIN 45 DAYS AFTER RECEIVING THE NOTICE , THE MOTOR VEHICLE RE NTAL 3
COMPANY PROVIDES THE AGENCY WITH: 4

1. A STATEMENT MADE UNDER OATH THAT STATES THE 5
NAME AND LAST KNOWN MAILING ADDRESS OF T HE INDIVIDUAL DRIVIN G OR 6
RENTING THE MOTOR VEHICLE WHEN THE VIOLATION OCCURRED; 7

2. A. A STATEMENT MADE UNDER OATH THAT 8
STATES THAT THE MOTO R VEHICLE RENTAL COM PANY IS UNABLE TO DE TERMINE 9
WHO WAS DRIVING THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME THE VIOLATION OCCURRED BECAUSE 10
THE MOTOR VEHICLE WAS STOLEN AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION; AND 11

B. A COPY OF THE POLICE R EPORT ASSOCIATED WIT H 12
THE MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT CLAIMED UNDER ITEM A OF THIS ITEM; OR 13

3. PAYMENT FOR THE PENAL TY ASSOCIATED WITH T HE 14
VIOLATION. 15

(II) AN AGENCY MAY NOT MAI L A CITATION TO A MO TOR 16
VEHICLE RENTAL COMPA NY LIABLE UNDER SUBS ECTION (E) OF THIS SECTION IF 17
THE MOTOR VEHICLE RE NTAL COMPANY COMPLIE S WITH SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF 18
THIS PARAGRAPH. 19

(4) EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH (3) OF THIS SUBSECTION 20
AND SUBSECTION (H)(4) AND (5) OF THIS SECTION, A CITATION ISSUED UNDER THIS 21
SECTION SHALL BE MAI LED NOT LATER THAN 2 WEEKS AFTER THE ALLE GED 22
VIOLATION. 23

(5) A PERSON WHO RECEIVES A CITATION UNDER PARAGRAPH (1) OF 24
THIS SUBSECTION MAY: 25

(I) PAY THE CIVIL PENALTY IN ACCORDANCE WITH 26
INSTRUCTIONS ON THE CITATION; OR 27

(II) ELECT TO STAND TRIAL FOR THE ALLEGED VIOLATION. 28

(G) (1) A CERTIFICATE ALLEGING THAT A VIOLATION OCCURRED, SWORN 29
TO OR AFFIRMED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER EMPLOYED 30
BY OR UNDER CONTRACT WITH AN AGENCY , BASED ON THE INSPECT ION OF A 31
RECORDED IMAGE , SHALL BE EVIDENCE OF THE FACTS CONTAINED IN THE 32
CERTIFICATE AND SHAL L BE ADMISSIBLE IN A NY PROCEEDING CONCER NING THE 33
ALLEGED VIOLATION. 34
HOUSE BILL 938 15

(2) ADJUDICATION OF LIABI LITY SHALL BE BASED ON A 1
PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE. 2

(H) (1) THE DISTRICT COURT MAY CONSIDER IN DEFENSE OF A 3
VIOLATION: 4

(I) SUBJECT TO PARAGRAPH (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION , THAT 5
THE MOTOR VEHICLE OR REGISTRATION PLATES OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE WERE 6
STOLEN BEFORE THE VIOLATION OCCURRED AND WERE NOT UNDER THE CONTROL 7
OR POSSESSION OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION; 8

(II) SUBJECT TO PARAGRAPH (3) OF THIS SUBSECTION , 9
EVIDENCE THAT THE PE RSON NAMED IN THE CI TATION WAS NOT OPERA TING THE 10
VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION; AND 11

(III) ANY OTHER ISSUES AND EVIDENCE THAT THE DISTRICT 12
COURT CONSIDERS PERTINENT. 13

(2) TO DEMONSTRATE THAT T HE MOTOR VEHICLE OR THE 14
REGISTRATION PLATES WERE STOLEN BEFORE T HE VIOLATION OCCURRE D AND 15
WERE NOT UNDER THE C ONTROL OR POSSESSION OF THE OWNER AT THE TIME OF 16
THE VIOLATION, THE OWNER MUST SUBMIT PROOF THAT A POLICE REPORT ABOUT 17
THE STOLEN MOTOR VEH ICLE OR REGISTRATION PLATES WAS FILED IN A TIMELY 18
MANNER. 19

(3) TO SATISFY THE EVIDEN TIARY BURDEN UNDER P ARAGRAPH 20
(1)(II) OF THIS SUBSECTION, THE PERSON NAMED IN THE CITATION SHALL PROVIDE 21
TO TH E DISTRICT COURT EVIDENCE TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE DISTRICT 22
COURT OF WHO WAS OPER ATING THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOL ATION, 23
INCLUDING, AT A MINIMUM, THE OPERATOR’S NAME AND CURRENT ADDRESS. 24

(4) (I) THE PROVISIONS OF THI S PARAGRAPH APPLY ON LY TO A 25
CITATION THAT INVOLVES A CLASS E (TRUCK) VEHICLE WITH A REGISTERED GROSS 26
WEIGHT OF 26,001 POUNDS OR MORE , CLASS F (TRACTOR) VEHICLE, CLASS G 27
(TRAILER) VEHICLE OPERATED IN COMBINATION WITH A CLASS F (TRACTOR) 28
VEHICLE, OR CLASS P (PASSENGER BUS) VEHICLE. 29

(II) TO SATISFY THE EVIDEN TIARY BURDEN UNDER 30
PARAGRAPH (1)(II) OF THIS SUBSECTION , THE PERSON NAMED IN A CITATION 31
DESCRIBED UNDER SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH MAY PROVIDE TO THE 32
DISTRICT COURT A LETTER, SWORN TO OR AFFIRMED BY THE PERSON AND MAILED 33
BY CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, THAT: 34

16 HOUSE BILL 938

1. STATES THAT THE PERSO N NAMED IN THE CITAT ION 1
WAS NOT OPERATING THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION; AND 2

2. PROVIDES THE NAME , ADDRESS, AND DRIVER ’S 3
LICENSE IDENTIFICATI ON NUMBER OF THE P ERSON WHO WAS OPERAT ING THE 4
VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION. 5

(5) (I) IF THE DISTRICT COURT FINDS THAT THE PERSON NAMED 6
IN THE CITATION WAS NOT OPERATING THE VE HICLE AT THE TIME OF THE 7
VIOLATION OR RECEIVE S EVIDENCE UNDER PAR AGRAPH (4)(II)2 OF THIS 8
SUBSECTION IDENTIFYING THE PERSON DRIVING THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE 9
VIOLATION, THE CLERK OF COURT S HALL PROVIDE TO THE AGENCY ISSUING THE 10
CITATION A COPY OF A NY EVIDENCE SUBSTANT IATING WHO WAS OPERA TING THE 11
VEHICLE AT THE TIME OF THE VIOLATION. 12

(II) ON RECEIPT OF SUBSTAN TIATING EVIDENCE FRO M THE 13
DISTRICT COURT UNDER SUBPARAGR APH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH , THE AGENCY 14
MAY ISSUE A CITATION AS PROVIDED IN SUBSECTION (F) OF THIS SECTION TO T HE 15
PERSON WHO THE EVIDENCE INDICATES WAS OPERATING THE VEHICLE AT THE TIME 16
OF THE VIOLATION. 17

(III) A CITATION ISSUED UNDE R SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF THIS 18
PARAGRAPH SHALL BE MAILED NOT LATER THAN 2 WEEKS AFTER RECEIPT OF THE 19
EVIDENCE FROM THE DISTRICT COURT. 20

(I) IF THE CIVIL PENALTY IS NOT PAID AND THE VIOLATION IS NOT 21
CONTESTED, THE ADMINISTRATION MAY REFUSE TO REGISTER OR REREGISTER OR 22
MAY SUSPEND THE REGISTRATION OF THE MOTOR VEHICLE. 23

(J) A VIOLATION FOR WHICH A CIVIL PENALTY IS I MPOSED UNDER THIS 24
SECTION: 25

(1) IS NOT A MOVING VIOLA TION FOR THE PURPOSE OF ASSESSING 26
POINTS UNDER § 16–402 OF THIS ARTICLE AND MAY NOT BE RECORDED BY THE 27
ADMINISTRATION ON THE DRIVING RECORD OF TH E OWNER OR DRIVER OF THE 28
VEHICLE; AND 29

(2) MAY NOT BE CONSIDERED IN THE PROVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLE 30
INSURANCE COVERAGE. 31

(K) (1) IN CONSULTATION WITH LA W ENFORCEMENT AGENCI ES, THE 32
CHIEF JUDGE OF THE DISTRICT COURT SHALL ADOPT PRO CEDURES FOR THE 33
ISSUANCE OF CITATIONS, TRIALS FOR VIOLATIONS, AND THE COLLECTION OF CIVIL 34
PENALTIES IMPOSED UNDER THIS SECTION. 35
HOUSE BILL 938 17

(2) THE STANDARDS AND REQ UIREMENTS FOR THE USE , 1
PROCESSING, AND DISPOSAL OF RECO RDED IMAGES AND ASSO CIATED DATA 2
ESTABLISHED UNDER § 12–113.1 OF THIS ARTICLE APPL Y TO CITATIONS ISSUE D 3
UNDER THIS SECTION. 4

(L) (1) AN AGENCY OR AN AGENT OR A CONTRACTOR DESIGNATED BY THE 5
AGENCY SHALL AD MINISTER AND PROCESS CIVIL CITATIONS ISSU ED UNDER THIS 6
SECTION IN COORDINATION WITH THE DISTRICT COURT. 7

(2) IF A CONTRACTOR IN AN Y MANNER OPERATES A CROSSWALK 8
MONITORING SYSTEM OR ADMINISTERS OR PROCESSES CITATIONS GENERATED BY 9
A CROSSWALK MONITORI NG SYSTEM ON BEHALF OF A LOCAL JURISDICTION, THE 10
CONTRACTOR’S FEE MAY NOT BE CON TINGENT ON A PER –TICKET BASIS ON THE 11
NUMBER OF CITATIONS ISSUED OR PAID. 12

SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That, on or before December 1, 13
2027, the Anne Arundel County Council and the Annapolis City Council shall jointly Anne 14
Arundel County, Montgomery County, and Prince George’s County, respectively, jointly 15
with any municipalities in the respective counties that implement and use crosswalk 16
monitoring systems, shall report to the Governor and, in accordance with § 2 –1257 of the 17
State Government Article, the General Assembly on: 18

(1) through October 1, 2027: 19

(i) the time period during which crosswalk monitoring systems were 20
in use in the local jurisdiction; and 21

(ii) the number of warnings and citations issued as a result of 22
violations recorded by a crosswalk monitoring system in the local jurisdiction over the 23
reported time period, by location and date; 24

(2) (i) the costs associated with implementing and operating crosswalk 25
monitoring systems; and 26

(ii) the revenue collected on a monthly basis as a result of violations 27
recorded by crosswalk monitoring systems; 28

(3) appropriate locations for the deployment of crosswalk monitoring 29
systems; 30

(4) the performance and reliability of crosswalk monitoring systems used 31
by the local jurisdiction; and 32

18 HOUSE BILL 938

(5) the effectiveness of crosswalk monitoring systems in reducing 1
violations, crashes, and pedestrian injuries in the local jurisdiction generally and in areas 2
where the crosswalk monitoring systems were implemented and used. 3

SECTION 3. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect July 4
1, 2026. It shall remain effective for a period of 5 years and, at the end of June 30, 2031, 5
this Act, with no further action required by the General Assembly, shall be abrogated and 6
of no further force and effect. 7

Approved:
________________________________________________________________________________
Governor.
________________________________________________________________________________
Speaker of the House of Delegates.
________________________________________________________________________________
President of the Senate.