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SB0141 • 2026

Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes

Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes

Elections
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Senators Hester , Brooks , Feldman , Harris , Kagan , and M. Washington
Last action
2026-05-12
Official status
Approved by the Governor - Chapter 444
Effective date
2026-06-01

Plain English Breakdown

The official source material does not provide specific details on how penalties will be enforced for unintentional dissemination of false information.

Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes

This law requires the State Administrator of Elections to correct public misinformation when informed of incorrect election details and prohibits individuals from knowingly or recklessly creating or sharing deepfake videos that mislead voters about elections.

What This Bill Does

  • Requires the State Administrator of Elections to publicly communicate accurate information if they receive credible reports of election misinformation or disinformation, including deepfakes.
  • Prohibits a person from knowingly or with reckless disregard creating, using, or disseminating a deepfake to produce materially false information about elections.

Who It Names or Affects

  • The State Administrator of Elections
  • People who spread election misinformation or disinformation
  • Entities that create and distribute deepfakes

Terms To Know

Election Disinformation
Incorrect information regarding the time, place, or manner of an election, election results, or voting rights in the State that is knowingly and deliberately disseminated.
Deepfake
An image, audio recording, or video recording intentionally created or manipulated with generative artificial intelligence to create a realistic but false depiction of a person.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The law exempts certain entities from penalties if they clearly label their content as satire or parody.
  • It's unclear how the State Board will enforce penalties against those who spread misinformation without clear intent to deceive.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

103824/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 103824/1 Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 141 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.

  • AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 141 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 On page 1, in the sponsor line, strike “ Senator Hester ” and substitute “Senators Hester, Brooks, Feldman, Harris, Kagan, and M.
  • Washington”; in line 9, after “disregard” insert “ , creating, ”; and in the same line, after “using” insert a comma.
  • AMENDMENT NO.
173226/1

None

Conference Committee Report { 173226/1 Adopted

Plain English: SB0141/173226/1 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE REPORT BILL NO.: SB 141 SPONSOR: Senator Hester SUBJECT: Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes THIRD READING CALENDAR HOUSE NO.

  • SB0141/173226/1 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE REPORT BILL NO.: SB 141 SPONSOR: Senator Hester SUBJECT: Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes THIRD READING CALENDAR HOUSE NO.
  • 73 SENATE NO.
  • 5 Hon.
  • William C.
253621/1

None • Senator Hester

Floor Amendment { 253621/1 (Senator Hester) Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 141 (Bill as Printed for Third Reading) On page 3, in line 11, after “(3)” insert “(I)”; in the same line, strike “THE” and substitute “EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF THIS PARAGRAPH , THE”; and after line 13, insert: “(II) THE STATE BOARD MAY NOT SEEK DA MAGES, COURT COSTS, OR ATTORNEY’S FEES UNDER SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN A CIVIL ACTION AGAINST A PERSON EXEMPT FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF § 16– 905 OF THIS ARTICLE.”.

  • AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 141 (Bill as Printed for Third Reading) On page 3, in line 11, after “(3)” insert “(I)”; in the same line, strike “THE” and substitute “EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF THIS PARAGRAPH , THE”; and after line 13, insert: “(II) THE STATE BOARD MAY NOT SEEK DA MAGES, COURT COSTS, OR ATTORNEY’S FEES UNDER SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN A CIVIL ACTION AGAINST A PERSON EXEMPT FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF § 16– 905 OF THIS ARTICLE.”.
  • SB0141/253621/1 BY: Senator Hester
433522/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 433522/1 Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 141 (Third Reading File Bill) On page 1, in line 4, after “requiring” insert “and authorizing”.

  • AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 141 (Third Reading File Bill) On page 1, in line 4, after “requiring” insert “and authorizing”.
  • On page 2, in line 21, after “ (1)” insert “(I)”; in lines 25 and 31, strike “ (I)” and “(III)”, respectively, and substitute “ 1.” and “ 3.”, respectively; in line 28, strike “(II)” and substitute “2.
  • EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF THIS PARAGRAPH,”; in the same line, after “ INJUNCTION” insert “IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MARYLAND RULES”; and in line 31, after “SUBPOENA” insert “IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FEDERAL STORED COMMUNICATIONS ACT, IF APPLICABLE,”.
  • On page 3, after line 2, insert: “(II) THE STATE ADMINISTRATOR MAY NOT SEEK AN INJUNCTION UNDER SUBPARAGRAPH (I)2 OF THIS PARAGRAPH AGAINST AN INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SERVICE, AS DEFINED IN 47 U.S.C.

Bill History

  1. 2026-05-12 Post Passage

    Approved by the Governor - Chapter 444

  2. 2026-04-09 House

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Government, Labor, and Elections

  3. 2026-04-02 House

    Conference Committee Report { 173226/1 Adopted

  4. 2026-04-02 House

    Third Reading Passed (85-38)

  5. 2026-04-01 House

    Senate Refuses Concur House Amendments

  6. 2026-04-01 House

    Senate Requests House Recede

  7. 2026-04-01 House

    Senate Conference Committee Appointed (Senators Hester, Watson and Gallion)

  8. 2026-04-01 House

    House Refuses Recede

  9. 2026-04-01 House

    House Conference Committee Appointed (Delegates Fair, Clippinger and Tomlinson)

  10. 2026-03-27 Senate

    House Refuses Recede

  11. 2026-03-27 Senate

    House Conference Committee Appointed (Delegates Fair, Clippinger and Tomlinson)

  12. 2026-03-27 Senate

    Conference Committee Report { 173226/1 Adopted

  13. 2026-03-27 Senate

    Third Reading Passed (28-4)

  14. 2026-03-27 Senate

    Passed Enrolled

  15. 2026-03-26 House

    Third Reading Passed (95-35)

  16. 2026-03-26 Senate

    Senate Refuses Concur House Amendments

  17. 2026-03-26 Senate

    Senate Requests House Recede

  18. 2026-03-26 Senate

    Senate Conference Committee Appointed (Senators Hester, Watson and Gallion)

  19. 2026-03-24 House

    Hearing 4/01 at 1:00 p.m.

  20. 2026-03-24 House

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  21. 2026-03-23 House

    Favorable with Amendments { 433522/1 Adopted

  22. 2026-03-23 House

    Motion Special Order until Next Session (Delegate Fair) Adopted

  23. 2026-02-13 House

    Referred Government, Labor, and Elections

  24. 2026-02-09 Senate

    Third Reading Passed (44-0)

  25. 2026-02-07 Senate

    Floor Amendment { 253621/1 (Senator Hester) Adopted

  26. 2026-02-07 Senate

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  27. 2026-02-05 Senate

    Motion Returned Second Reading (Senator Hester) Adopted

  28. 2026-02-05 Senate

    Motion Special Order until 2/10 (Senator Hester) Adopted

  29. 2026-02-03 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments { 103824/1 Adopted

  30. 2026-02-03 Senate

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  31. 2026-02-02 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Education, Energy, and the Environment

  32. 2026-01-14 Senate

    First Reading Education, Energy, and the Environment

  33. 2026-01-14 Senate

    Hearing 1/21 at 11:00 a.m.

  34. 2025-07-16 Senate

    Pre-filed

  35. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - First - Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes

  36. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - Senate - Committee - Education, Energy, and the Environment

  37. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Third - Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes

  38. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - House - Committee - Government, Labor, and Elections

  39. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Enrolled - Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes

  40. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Chapter - Election Law - Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and Deepfakes

Official Summary Text

Requiring and authorizing the State Administrator of Elections to take certain actions if the State Administrator receives a credible report that election misinformation or election disinformation, including a deepfake, has been or is being communicated, disseminated, or distributed; requiring the Administrator to publicly communicate correct information; prohibiting a person from knowingly or with reckless disregard creating, using, or disseminating a deepfake to produce materially false information; etc.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MATTER ADDED TO EXISTING LAW.
[Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
Underlining indicates amendments to bill.
Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by
amendment.
Italics indicate opposite chamber/conference committee amendments.
*sb0141*

SENATE BILL 141
G1 (6lr0641)
ENROLLED BILL
— Education, Energy, and the Environment/Government, Labor, and Elections —
Introduced by Senator Hester Senators Hester, Brooks, Feldman, Harris, Kagan,
and M. Washington

Read and Examined by Proofreaders:

_______________________________________________
Proofreader.
_______________________________________________
Proofreader.

Sealed with the Great Seal and presented to the Governor, for his approval this

_______ day of _______________ at ________________________ o’clock, ________M.

______________________________________________
President.

CHAPTER ______

AN ACT concerning 1

Election Law – Election Misinformation, Election Disinformation, and 2
Deepfakes 3

FOR the purpose of requiring and authorizing the State Administrator of Elections to take 4
certain actions if the State Administrator receives a credible report that election 5
misinformation or election disinformation has been or is being communicated, 6
disseminated, or distributed; authorizing the State Board of Elections to file a certain 7
civil action related to election misinformation or election disinformation; prohibiting 8
a person, under certain circumstances, from knowingly or with reckless disregard , 9
creating, using, or disseminating a deepfake to produce materially false information; 10
and generally relating to election misinformation, election disinformation, and 11
deepfakes. 12

BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 13
2 SENATE BILL 141

Article – Election Law 1
Section 2–110 2
Annotated Code of Maryland 3
(2022 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 4

BY adding to 5
Article – Election Law 6
Section 16–905 7
Annotated Code of Maryland 8
(2022 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 9

SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 10
That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 11

Article – Election Law 12

2–110. 13

(a) (1) In this section the following words have the meanings indicated. 14

(2) “Election disinformation” means incorrect or misleading information 15
regarding the time, place, or manner of an election, election results, or voting rights in the 16
State that is knowingly and deliberately disseminated. 17

(3) “Election misinformation” means incorrect or misleading information 18
regarding the time, place, or manner of an election, election results, or voting rights in the 19
State. 20

(b) (1) The State Board shall maintain a portal on the State Board’s website 21
that the public may use to report election misinformation and election disinformation. 22

(2) The State Board shall conduct a periodic review of material submitted 23
by the public through the portal and, to the extent necessary, issue corrective information 24
or refer submissions to the State Prosecutor. 25

(C) (1) (I) IF THE STATE ADMINISTRATOR RECEIVE S A CREDIBLE 26
REPORT THAT ELECTION MISINFORMATION OR EL ECTION DISINFORMATIO N, 27
INCLUDING A DEEPFAKE, HAS BEEN OR IS BEING COMMUNICATED, DISSEMINATED, 28
OR DISTRIBUTED, THE STATE ADMINISTRATOR: 29

(I) 1. SHALL COMMUNICATE , DISSEMINATE, OR 30
DISTRIBUTE TO THE PUBLIC ACCURATE INFORMATION TO CORRECT THE ELECTION 31
MISINFORMATION OR ELECTION DISINFORMATION; 32

(II) 2. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF THIS 33
PARAGRAPH, MAY SEEK AN INJUNCTI ON IN ACCORDANCE WITH T HE MARYLAND 34
SENATE BILL 141 3

RULES FOR THE REMOVAL OF T HE ELECTION MISINFOR MATION OR ELECTION 1
DISINFORMATION FROM ANY ONLINE PLATFORM; AND 2

(III) 3. MAY ISSUE A SUBPOENA IN ACCORDANCE WITH T HE 3
FEDERAL STORED COMMUNICATIONS ACT, IF APPLICABLE, FOR RECORDS RELATED 4
TO THE DISSEMINATION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE ELECTION MISINFORMATION OR 5
ELECTION DISINFORMAT ION, INCLUDING INFORMATIO N RELATED TO THE 6
TARGETED AUDIENCE. 7

(II) THE STATE ADMINISTRATOR MAY NOT SEEK AN 8
INJUNCTION UNDER SUB PARAGRAPH (I)2 OF THIS PARAGRAPH AG AINST AN 9
INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SERVICE, AS DEFINED IN 47 U.S.C. § 230, FOR CONTENT 10
DISSEMINATED BY ANOT HER PERSON THROUGH T HE INTERACTIVE COMPU TER 11
SERVICE. 12

(2) (I) THE STATE BOARD MAY NOT FILE A CIVIL ACTION UNDER 13
THIS PARAGRAPH AGAINST A PERSON: 14

1. EXEMPT FROM THE REQU IREMENTS OF § 16–905 OF 15
THIS ARTICLE; OR 16

2. WHO SEEKS TO DETECT , REPORT, PREVENT, 17
INVESTIGATE, RESPOND TO, OR PROSECUTE PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR SECURITY 18
BREACHES, IDENTITY THEFT , FRAUD, HARASSMENT, OR OTHER MALICIOUS O R 19
ILLEGAL ACTIVITY. 20

(II) THE STATE BOARD, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE STATE 21
ADMINISTRATOR, MAY FILE A CIVIL ACT ION IN A COURT OF CO MPETENT 22
JURISDICTION WITHIN THE STATE AGAINST A PERSO N, CAMPAIGN, POLITICAL 23
ACTION COMMITTEE, OR OTHER LEGAL ENTITY IF THE STATE BOARD: 24

(I) 1. FINDS THAT THE ENTITY PUBLISHED PERSON 25
CREATED, USED, OR DISSEMINATED ELECTION MISINFORMAT ION OR ELECTION 26
DISINFORMATION: 27

A. ELECTION DISINFORMATION; OR 28

B. WITH RECKLESS DISREG ARD, ELECTION 29
MISINFORMATION; AND 30

(II) 2. INCURS COSTS TO COMMUNICATE, DISSEMINATE, OR 31
DISTRIBUTE TO THE PUBLIC ACCURATE INFORMATION TO CORRECT THE ELECTION 32
MISINFORMATION OR ELECTION DISINFORMATION. 33

4 SENATE BILL 141

(3) (I) THE EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SUBPARAGRAPH (II) OF THIS 1
PARAGRAPH, THE THE STATE BOARD MAY SEEK DAMAGE S, COURT COSTS , AND 2
ATTORNEY’S FEES IN A CIVIL ACTION FILED UNDER PARAGRAPH (2) (2)(II) OF THIS 3
SUBSECTION. 4

(II) THE STATE BOARD MAY NOT SEEK DA MAGES, COURT 5
COSTS, OR ATTORNEY’S FEES UNDER SUBPARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS PARAGRAPH IN A 6
CIVIL ACTION AGAINST A PERSON EXEMPT FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF § 16–905 7
OF THIS ARTICLE. 8

(4) A COURT MAY AWARD DAMA GES, COURT COSTS, OR ATTORNEY’S 9
FEES IN A CIVIL ACTI ON FILED UNDER PARAG RAPH (2)(II) OF THIS SUBSECTION 10
ONLY BASED ON A SHOW ING BY CLEAR AND CON VINCING EVIDENCE T HAT THE 11
PERSON, CAMPAIGN, POLITICAL ACTION COM MITTEE, OR OTHER LEGAL ENTIT Y 12
CREATED, USED, OR DISSEMINATED: 13

(I) ELECTION DISINFORMATION; OR 14

(II) WITH RECKLESS DISREGARD, ELECTION MISINFORMATION. 15

16–905. 16

(A) (1) IN THIS SECTION THE F OLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE MEANI NGS 17
INDICATED. 18

(2) “DEEPFAKE” MEANS AN IMAGE , AN AUDIO RECORDING , OR A 19
VIDEO RECORDING THAT HAS BEEN INTENTIONAL LY CREATED OR MANIPU LATED 20
WITH THE USE OF GENE RATIVE ARTIFICIAL IN TELLIGENCE OR OTHER DIGITAL 21
TECHNOLOGY TO CREATE A REALISTIC BUT FALSE DEPI CTION OF A PERSON TH AT 22
AN ORDINARY PERSON W OULD CONCLUDE IS AN ACTUAL VISUAL OR AUD IO 23
REPRESENTATION OF THE PERSON DEPICTED. 24

(3) “INFLUENCE” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 16–201 OF THIS 25
TITLE. 26

(B) THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY: 27

(1) WITH RESPECT TO A DEEPFAKE THAT IS SATIRE OR PARODY; 28

(2) TO A RADIO OR TELEVISION BROADCASTING STATION, INCLUDING 29
A CABLE OR SATELLITE TELEVISION OPERATOR, PROGRAMMER, OR PRODUCER, OR 30
AN AFFILIATE OF THE RADIO OR TELEVISION BROADCASTING STATION , THAT 31
BROADCASTS A DECEPTIVE AND FRAUDULENT DEEPFAKE IF: 32
SENATE BILL 141 5

(I) THE BROADCAST IS REQUIRED BY THE FEDERAL LAW THAT 1
REQUIRES BROADCASTER S TO AIR ADVERTISEME NTS FROM LEGALLY QUA LIFIED 2
CANDIDATES; 3

(II) THE BROADCAST: 4

1. IS PART OF A BONA FI DE NEWSCAST , A NEWS 5
INTERVIEW, A NEWS DOCUMENTARY , OR ON–THE–SPOT COVERAGE OF BON A FIDE 6
NEWS EVENTS; AND 7

2. CLEARLY IDENTIFIES T O THE AUDIENCE THROU GH 8
CONTENT OR A DISCLOSURE IN A MANNER THAT CAN BE EASILY HEARD OR READ BY 9
THE AVERAGE LISTENER OR VIEWER THAT THE DEEPFAKE MAY CONTAIN DECEPTIVE 10
AUDIO OR VISUAL MEDIA; OR 11

(III) THE BROADCASTER HAS: 12

1. BEEN PAID TO BROADCAST THE DEEPFAKE; AND 13

2. MADE A GOOD FAITH EF FORT TO ESTABLISH TH AT 14
THE DEEPFAKE IS NOT A DECEPTIVE AND FRAUDULENT DEEPFAKE; OR 15

(3) TO A WEBSITE OR REGU LARLY PUBLISHED NEWS PAPER, 16
MAGAZINE, OR OTHER PERIODICAL OF GENERAL CIRCULATI ON, INCLUDING AN 17
INTERNET OR ELECTRONI C PUBLICATION, THAT ROUTINELY CARRI ES NEWS AND 18
COMMENTARY OF GENERA L INTEREST AND THAT PUBLISHES A DECEPTIV E AND 19
FRAUDULENT DEEPFAKE IF THE WEBSITE OR PE RIODICAL CLEARLY STA TES THAT 20
THE MATERIALLY DECEP TIVE AUDIO OR VISUAL MEDIA DOES NOT ACCUR ATELY 21
REPRESENT THE SPEECH OR CONDUCT OF THE CANDIDATE.; OR 22

(4) TO ANY ONLINE PUBLIS HER OR SERVICE PROVI DER FOR ACTS 23
THAT WOULD BE SUBJECT TO IMMUNITY UNDER 47 U.S.C. § 230. 24

(C) A PERSON MAY NOT KNOWI NGLY OR WITH RECKLES S DISREGARD USE 25
CREATE, USE, OR DISSEMINATE A DEE PFAKE TO PRODUCE MAT ERIALLY FALSE 26
INFORMATION IF: 27

(1) THE PERSON HAS THE INTENT TO USE THE DEEPFAKE TO: 28

(1) (I) IMPEDE, INFLUENCE, PREVENT, OR ATTEMPT TO IMPEDE , 29
INFLUENCE, OR PREVENT A VOTER’S DECISION TO CAST A BALLOT; 30

6 SENATE BILL 141

(2) (II) MISREPRESENT FACTS R ELATING TO VOTER 1
REGISTRATION, VOTING METHODS , ELECTION RESULTS , ELECTORAL PROCESSES, 2
OR OFFICIAL DUTIES OF AN ELECTION OFFICIAL; OR 3

(3) (III) INDUCE OR ATTEMPT TO INDUCE ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL TO 4
SIGN OR NOT SIGN A PETITION FOR A QUESTION TO APPEAR ON A BALLOT.; OR 5

(IV) INFLUENCE OR ATTEMPT TO INFLUENCE A VOTER ’S 6
DECISION WHETHER TO VOTE FOR OR AGAINST A CANDIDATE OR BALLOT ISSUE; AND 7

(2) THE CREATION , USE, OR DISSEMINATION OF THE DEEPFAKE 8
RESULTS, OR HAS THE INTENT TO RESULT, IN HARM TO A VOTER, POTENTIAL VOTER, 9
OR PETITION. 10

(D) A PERSON WHO VIOLATES SUBSECTION (C) OF THIS SECTION IS GUILTY 11
OF A MISDEMEANOR AND ON CONVICTION IS SUBJECT TO A FINE OF NOT MORE THAN 12
$5,000 OR IMPRISONMENT FOR NOT MORE THAN 5 YEARS OR BOTH. 13

SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect June 14
1, 2026. 15

Approved:
________________________________________________________________________________
Governor.
________________________________________________________________________________
President of the Senate.
________________________________________________________________________________
Speaker of the House of Delegates.