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SB0346 • 2026

Civil Actions - Violation of Constitutional Rights (No Kings Act)

Civil Actions - Violation of Constitutional Rights (No Kings Act)

Firearms Taxes
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Senators Waldstreicher , Smith , Augustine , Feldman , Hettleman , Kagan , King , Lam , and Love
Last action
2026-05-12
Official status
Approved by the Governor - Chapter 460
Effective date
2026-10-01

Plain English Breakdown

The bill summary and digest text do not provide detailed information on all aspects of the act, leading to some reliance on the full bill text for accurate summaries.

Civil Actions - Violation of Constitutional Rights (No Kings Act)

This law allows individuals or the Attorney General's office to sue covered officers who violate constitutional rights and sets limits on when such lawsuits can be filed.

What This Bill Does

  • Creates new rules allowing individuals or the Attorney General's office to file lawsuits against covered officers if they violate someone’s constitutional rights.
  • Limits injunctive relief in cases involving judicial officers unless a declaratory judgment is violated or unavailable.
  • Allows courts to award reasonable fees and costs, including attorney and expert witness fees, to prevailing plaintiffs under certain conditions.
  • Requires that lawsuits filed under this act must be brought within 5 years after the cause of action accrued.

Who It Names or Affects

  • People who believe their constitutional rights have been violated by covered officers can file a lawsuit.
  • Covered officers, such as those who arrest people or carry firearms in their duties, are subject to these new rules.
  • Judicial officers may face limited relief if sued under this act.

Terms To Know

covered officer
An officer who can make arrests and carry firearms as part of their job, but does not include law enforcement officers primarily enforcing federal laws.
cause of action
The legal basis for a lawsuit or the facts that give rise to a right to sue.

Limits and Unknowns

  • This act applies only to civil actions pending on its effective date and does not affect other provisions if any part is found invalid.
  • It limits when lawsuits can be filed, requiring them within 5 years after the cause of action accrued.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

253829/1

None • Senator Ready

Floor Amendment { 253829/1 (Senator Ready) Rejected (13-28)

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 346, AS AMENDED On page 1 of the Judicia l Proceedings Committee Amendments (SB0346/293920/1), in Amendment No.

  • AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 346, AS AMENDED On page 1 of the Judicia l Proceedings Committee Amendments (SB0346/293920/1), in Amendment No.
  • 1, strike beginning with the colon in line 4 down through “DUTIES” in line 8 and substitute “ENFORCE THE UNITED STATES CODE OR REGULATIONS ADOPTED UNDER THE UNITED STATES CODE”.
  • SB0346/253829/1 BY: Senator Ready
293920/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 293920/1

Plain English: AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 346 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.

  • AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 346 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 On page 1, in line 19, strike “IN THIS SUBTITLE,” and substitute “(A) IN THIS SUBTITLE THE FOLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE MEANINGS INDICATED.
  • (B) (1) “COVERED OFFICER ” MEANS, EXCEPT AS PROVIDED I N PARAGRAPH (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION, AN OFFICER WHO MAY: (I) MAKE AN ARREST WITH O R WITHOUT A WARRANT FO R VIOLATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES CODE; AND (II) CARRY FIREARMS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE OFFICER’S DUTIES.
  • (2) “COVERED OFFICER ” DOES NOT INCLUDE A L AW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER , AS DEFINED IN § 1–101 OF THE PUBLIC SAFETY ARTICLE, ACTING UNDER THE AUTHOR ITY OF A JOINT TASK FORCE THAT PRIMARILY ENFORCES THE UNITED STATES CODE.
423926/1

None • Senator Ready

Floor Amendment { 423926/1 (Senator Ready) Rejected (15-25)

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 346 (First Reading File Bill) On page 1, strike line 3 in its entirety.

  • AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 346 (First Reading File Bill) On page 1, strike line 3 in its entirety.
  • SB0346/423926/1 BY: Senator Ready
823723/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 823723/1 Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 346 (Third Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.

  • AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 346 (Third Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 On page 1, in line 5, after “another” insert “, or causes or allows another to be deprived,”; in line 6, after “Constitution” insert “ or the laws of the United States ”; and in lines 7 and 11, in each instance, strike “Constitutional”.
  • AMENDMENT NO.
  • 2 On page 1, in line 17, strike “CONSTITUTIONAL”.
903027/1

None • Delegate Szeliga

Floor Amendment { 903027/1 (Delegate Szeliga) Rejected (37-95)

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 346 (Third Reading File Bill) On page 2, in line 3, strike “, EXCEPT” and substitute “: (I) AN AGENT OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE; OR (II) EXCEPT”; and in lines 5 and 7, strike “ (I)” and “ (II)”, respectively, and substitute “ 1.” and “ 2.”, respectively.

  • AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 346 (Third Reading File Bill) On page 2, in line 3, strike “, EXCEPT” and substitute “: (I) AN AGENT OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE; OR (II) EXCEPT”; and in lines 5 and 7, strike “ (I)” and “ (II)”, respectively, and substitute “ 1.” and “ 2.”, respectively.
  • SB0346/903027/1 BY: Delegate Szeliga
953329/1

None • Senator Waldstreicher

Floor Amendment { 953329/1 (Senator Waldstreicher) Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 346 (First Reading File Bill) On page 1, in the sponsor line, strike “ and Smith ” and substitute “ , Smith, Augustine, Feldman, Hettleman, Kagan, King, Lam, and Love”.

  • AMENDMENT TO SENATE BILL 346 (First Reading File Bill) On page 1, in the sponsor line, strike “ and Smith ” and substitute “ , Smith, Augustine, Feldman, Hettleman, Kagan, King, Lam, and Love”.
  • SB0346/953329/1 BY: Senator Waldstreicher

Bill History

  1. 2026-05-12 Post Passage

    Approved by the Governor - Chapter 460

  2. 2026-04-08 House

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Judiciary

  3. 2026-03-26 House

    Hearing 4/01 at 1:00 p.m.

  4. 2026-03-24 House

    Floor Amendment { 903027/1 (Delegate Szeliga) Rejected (37-95)

  5. 2026-03-24 House

    Third Reading Passed (96-38)

  6. 2026-03-24 Senate

    Senate Concurs House Amendments

  7. 2026-03-24 Senate

    Third Reading Passed (31-11)

  8. 2026-03-24 Senate

    Passed Enrolled

  9. 2026-03-23 House

    Favorable with Amendments { 823723/1 Adopted

  10. 2026-03-23 House

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  11. 2026-03-18 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Judicial Proceedings

  12. 2026-03-09 House

    Referred Judiciary

  13. 2026-03-05 Senate

    Third Reading Passed (30-11)

  14. 2026-03-03 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments { 293920/1 Adopted

  15. 2026-03-03 Senate

    Floor Amendment { 423926/1 (Senator Ready) Rejected (15-25)

  16. 2026-03-03 Senate

    Floor Amendment { 253829/1 (Senator Ready) Rejected (13-28)

  17. 2026-03-03 Senate

    Floor Amendment { 953329/1 (Senator Waldstreicher) Adopted

  18. 2026-03-03 Senate

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  19. 2026-03-02 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments { 293920/1

  20. 2026-03-02 Senate

    Motion Laid Over (Senator Ready) Adopted

  21. 2026-01-28 Senate

    Hearing 2/10 at 1:00 p.m.

  22. 2026-01-23 Senate

    First Reading Judicial Proceedings

  23. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - First - Civil Actions - Violation of Constitutional Rights (No Kings Act)

  24. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - Senate - Committee - Judicial Proceedings

  25. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Third - Civil Actions - Violation of Constitutional Rights (No Kings Act)

  26. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - House - Committee - Judiciary

  27. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Enrolled - Civil Actions - Violation of Constitutional Rights (No Kings Act)

  28. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Chapter - Civil Actions - Violation of Constitutional Rights (No Kings Act)

Official Summary Text

Establishing certain civil liability for an individual who, under color of law, deprives another or causes or allows another to be deprived, of a right, a privilege, or an immunity secured by the U.S. Constitution or the laws of the United States; requiring an action under the Act to be filed within 5 years after the cause of action accrued; etc.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MATTER ADDED TO EXISTING LAW.
[Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
Underlining indicates amendments to bill.
Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by
amendment.
Italics indicate opposite chamber/conference committee amendments.
*sb0346*

SENATE BILL 346
D3 (6lr2224)
ENROLLED BILL
— Judicial Proceedings/Judiciary —
Introduced by Senators Waldstreicher and Smith , Smith, Augustine, Feldman,
Hettleman, Kagan, King, Lam, and Love

Read and Examined by Proofreaders:

_______________________________________________
Proofreader.
_______________________________________________
Proofreader.

Sealed with the Great Seal and presented to the Governor, for his a pproval this

_______ day of _______________ at ________________________ o’clock, ________M.

______________________________________________
President.

CHAPTER ______

AN ACT concerning 1

Civil Actions – Violation of Constitutional Rights 2
(No Kings Act) 3

FOR the purpose of establishing certain civil liability for an individual who, under color of 4
law, deprives another , or causes or allows another to be deprived, of a right, a 5
privilege, or an immunity secured by the U.S. Constitution or the laws of the United 6
States; and generally relating to civil liability for the deprivation of Constitutional 7
rights. 8

BY adding to 9
Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 10
Section 3 –2701 and 3 –2702 to be under the new subtitle “Subtitle 27. Action for 11
Deprivation of Constitutional Rights” 12
Annotated Code of Maryland 13
2 SENATE BILL 346

(2020 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 1

SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 2
That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 3

Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 4

SUBTITLE 27. ACTION FOR DEPRIVATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. 5

3–2701. 6

IN THIS SUBTITLE, (A) IN THIS SUBTITLE THE FOLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE 7
MEANINGS INDICATED. 8

(B) (1) “COVERED OFFICER ” MEANS, EXCEPT AS PROVIDED I N 9
PARAGRAPH (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION, AN OFFICER WHO MAY: 10

(I) MAKE AN ARREST WITH O R WITHOUT A WARRANT FOR 11
VIOLATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES CODE; AND 12

(II) CARRY FIREARMS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE OFFICER’S 13
DUTIES. 14

(2) “COVERED OFFICER” DOES NOT INCLUDE A L AW ENFORCEMENT 15
OFFICER, AS DEFINED IN § 1–101 OF THE PUBLIC SAFETY ARTICLE, ACTING UNDER 16
THE AUTHORITY OF A JOINT TASK FORCE THAT PRIMARILY ENFORCES THE UNITED 17
STATES CODE. 18

(C) “LAW LAW” INCLUDES: 19

(1) THE U.S. CONSTITUTION; AND 20

(2) THE MARYLAND DECLARATION OF RIGHTS; 21

(3) THE MARYLAND CONSTITUTION; 22

(4) (2) THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES; AND. 23

(5) THE LAWS OF MARYLAND. 24

3–2702. 25

(A) (1) AN AGGRIEVED PARTY OR THE OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY 26
GENERAL MAY BRING AN ACTION AGAINST AN INDIVIDUAL A COVERED OFFICER 27
SENATE BILL 346 3

WHO, UNDER COLOR OF LAW , DEPRIVES THE AGGRIEV ED PARTY OR CAUSES OR 1
ALLOWS THE AGGRIEVED PARTY TO BE DEPRIVED OR CAUSES OR ALLOWS THE 2
AGGRIEVED PARTY TO B E DEPRIVED OF A RIGHT , A PRIVILEGE, OR AN IMMUNITY 3
SECURED BY THE U.S. CONSTITUTION UNDER THE LAW. 4

(2) SUBJECT TO PARAGRAPH (3) OF THIS SUBSECTION, IN AN ACTION 5
UNDER THIS SECTION, AN AGGRIEVED PARTY AN AGGRIEVED PARTY OR THE OFFICE 6
OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL MAY SEEK DAMAGES AND DECLARATORY AND 7
INJUNCTIVE RELIEF IN AN ACTION BROUGHT UNDER THIS SECTION. 8

(3) IN AN ACTION UNDER TH IS SECTION AGAINST A JUDICIAL 9
OFFICER, INJUNCTIVE RELIEF IS AVAILABLE ONLY IF A DECLARATORY JUDGMENT 10
IS VIOLATED OR DECLARATORY RELIEF IS UNAVAILABLE. 11

(B) (1) A DEFENDANT IN AN ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION MAY ASSERT A 12
DEFENSE OF A BSOLUTE OR QUALIFIED IMMUNITY TO THE SAME EXTENT AS A 13
PERSON SUED UNDER 42 U.S.C. § 1983 UNDER LIKE CIRCUMSTANCES. 14

(2) THIS SECTION MAY NOT BE CONSTRUED TO WAIVE OR ABROGATE 15
ANY DEFENSE OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY OTHERWISE AVAILABLE A DEFENDANT IN 16
AN ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION M AY ASSERT ANY DEFENS E OF IMMUNITY THAT 17
WAS AVAILABLE AT THE TIME THE CAUSE OF ACTION ACCRUED. 18

(C) (1) EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH (2) OF THIS SUBSECTION, A 19
COURT MAY AWARD REAS ONABLE FEES AND COST S, INCLUDING ATTORNEY’S FEES 20
AND EXPERT WITNESS FEES, TO A PREVAILING PLAINTIFF UNDER THIS SECTION. 21

(2) A COURT MAY NOT AWARD FEES OR COSTS UNDER THIS SECTION 22
AGAINST A JUDICIAL O FFICER UNLESS THE JU DICIAL OFFICER ACTED CLEARLY IN 23
EXCESS OF THE JUDICI AL OFFICER ’S JURISDICTION A COURT MAY AWARD 24
REASONABLE FEES AND COSTS, INCLUDING ATTORNEY’S FEES AND EXPERT WITNESS 25
FEES, TO A PREVAILING PLAINTIFF UNDER THIS SECTION. 26

(D) AN ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL BE FIL ED WITHIN 3 YEARS 27
AFTER THE CAUSE OF ACTION ACCRUES 28

(1) AN ACTION UNDER THIS SECTION SHALL B E FILED WITHIN 5 29
YEARS AFTER THE CAUSE OF ACTION ACCRUED. 30

(2) THIS SECTION MAY NOT BE CONSTRUED TO ABROGATE: 31

4 SENATE BILL 346

(I) ANY STATE OR LOCAL GOVERN MENT LIABILITY UNDER 1
STATE OR COMMON LAW F OR THE ACTIONS OF STATE OR LOCAL GOVERN MENT 2
EMPLOYEES; OR 3

(II) ANY STATUTORY WAIVER OF ANY DEFENSE , INCLUDING 4
IMMUNITY. 5

SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall apply to any 6
civil action pending on the effective date of this Act. 7

SECTION 3. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 8
October 1, 2026 9

SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That, if any provision of this Act or 10
the application of any provision of this Act to any person or circumstance is held invalid for 11
any reason in a court of competent juris diction, the invalidity does not affect other 12
provisions or any other application of this Act that can be given effect without the invalid 13
provision or application, and for this purpose the provisions of this Act are declared 14
severable. 15

SECTION 3. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 16
October 1, 2026. 17

Approved:
________________________________________________________________________________
Governor.
________________________________________________________________________________
President of the Senate.
________________________________________________________________________________
Speaker of the House of Delegates.