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SB0360 • 2026

Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

Crime
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Senators Henson , Smith , Waldstreicher , West , McKay , Love , and Charles
Last action
2026-05-12
Official status
Approved by the Governor - Chapter 401
Effective date
2026-10-01

Plain English Breakdown

The bill summary and text do not provide specific details on penalties for all violations, only mentioning certain examples.

Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal Protection

This law makes it illegal to harm or interfere with emergency response animals like police dogs and horses during their work.

What This Bill Does

  • Repeals the old rule that prohibited intentionally inflicting bodily harm, permanent disability, or death on an animal owned or used by a law enforcement unit.
  • Prohibits people from harassing, interfering with, injuring, or causing serious physical injury to emergency response animals during their work.
  • Sets penalties for violating these new rules. For example, hurting an animal can lead to up to 5 years in prison and fines of up to $10,000.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Emergency response animals like police dogs and horses used for search and rescue.
  • People who might harm or interfere with these animals during their work.

Terms To Know

Emergency Response Animal
A dog, horse, or other animal trained to help in law enforcement or search and rescue efforts.
Serious Physical Injury
An injury that causes permanent damage or long-term harm to a person's body.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The new rules do not apply if the person is defending themselves from physical harm.
  • It does not specify what happens in cases of accidental harm to emergency response animals.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

563229/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 563229/1 Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 360 (Third Reading File Bill) On page 4, in line 8, strike “OR”; in line 11, after “INDIVIDUAL” insert “; OR (IV) A HORSE USED IN A SEAR CH AND RESCUE EFFORT DIRECTED BY A STATE AGENCY OR A POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE TO LOCATE OR RESCUE A LOST, INJURED, OR DECEASED INDIVIDUAL.

  • AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 360 (Third Reading File Bill) On page 4, in line 8, strike “OR”; in line 11, after “INDIVIDUAL” insert “; OR (IV) A HORSE USED IN A SEAR CH AND RESCUE EFFORT DIRECTED BY A STATE AGENCY OR A POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE TO LOCATE OR RESCUE A LOST, INJURED, OR DECEASED INDIVIDUAL.
  • (3) “LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT” HAS THE SAME MEANING STATED IN § 10–101 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ARTICLE”; and in line 12, strike “(3)” and substitute “(4)”.
  • On page 5, in line 3, after “(B)(3)” insert “OR (B)(4)”; in line 5, strike “$15,000” and substitute “$10,000”; strike in their entirety lines 6 th rough 11, inclusive; in line 12, strike “(E)” and substitute “(D)”; and in line 13, after “ NECESSITY” insert “ OR SELF–DEFENSE”.
  • SB0360/563229/1 BY: Judiciary Committee
603821/1

None

Favorable with Amendments { 603821/1 Adopted

Plain English: AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 360 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.

  • AMENDMENTS TO SENATE BILL 360 (First Reading File Bill) AMENDMENT NO.
  • 1 On page 1, in the sponsor line, strike “ Senator Henson ” and substitute “Senators Henson, Smith, Waldstreicher, West, McKay, Love, and Charles”.
  • AMENDMENT NO.
  • 2 On page 5, after line 6, insert: “(E) (1) NOTHING IN THIS SECTI ON PROHIBIT S A DEFENDANT FROM ASSERTING THE DEFENS E OF NECESSITY TO A CHARGE OF VIOLATING THIS SECTION.

Bill History

  1. 2026-05-12 Post Passage

    Approved by the Governor - Chapter 401

  2. 2026-04-10 House

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Judiciary

  3. 2026-04-02 House

    Hearing canceled

  4. 2026-04-02 House

    Hearing 4/02 at 2:00 p.m.

  5. 2026-03-30 House

    Third Reading Passed (136-0)

  6. 2026-03-27 Senate

    Senate Concurs House Amendments

  7. 2026-03-27 Senate

    Third Reading Passed (46-0)

  8. 2026-03-27 Senate

    Passed Enrolled

  9. 2026-03-26 House

    Hearing 4/02 at 1:00 p.m.

  10. 2026-03-26 House

    Favorable with Amendments { 563229/1 Adopted

  11. 2026-03-26 House

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  12. 2026-03-02 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments Report by Judicial Proceedings

  13. 2026-02-25 House

    Referred Judiciary

  14. 2026-02-22 Senate

    Third Reading Passed (43-0)

  15. 2026-02-20 Senate

    Favorable with Amendments { 603821/1 Adopted

  16. 2026-02-20 Senate

    Second Reading Passed with Amendments

  17. 2026-02-09 Senate

    Hearing canceled

  18. 2026-02-09 Senate

    Hearing 2/11 at 2:00 p.m.

  19. 2026-01-28 Senate

    Hearing 2/11 at 1:00 p.m.

  20. 2026-01-23 Senate

    First Reading Judicial Proceedings

  21. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - First - Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

  22. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - Senate - Committee - Judicial Proceedings

  23. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Third - Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

  24. Maryland General Assembly

    Vote - House - Committee - Judiciary

  25. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Enrolled - Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

  26. Maryland General Assembly

    Text - Chapter - Criminal Law - Emergency Response Animal - Prohibited Actions Against

Official Summary Text

Repealing the prohibition against intentionally inflicting bodily harm, permanent disability, or death on an animal owned or used by a law enforcement unit; prohibiting a person from harassing, interfering with, injuring, or killing or causing serious physical injury to an emergency response animal; and providing certain penalties for certain violations of the Act.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MATTER ADDED TO EXISTING LAW.
[Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
Underlining indicates amendments to bill.
Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by
amendment.
Italics indicate opposite chamber/conference committee amendments.
*sb0360*

SENATE BILL 360
E1 (6lr2682)
ENROLLED BILL
— Judicial Proceedings/Judiciary —
Introduced by Senator Henson Senators Henson, Smith, Waldstreicher, West,
McKay, Love, and Charles

Read and Examined by Proofreaders:

_______________________________________________
Proofreader.
_______________________________________________
Proofreader.

Sealed with the Great Seal and presented to the Governor, for his approval this

_______ day of _______________ at ________________________ o’clock, ________M.

______________________________________________
President.

CHAPTER ______

AN ACT concerning 1

Criminal Law – Emergency Response Animal – Prohibited Actions Against 2

FOR the purpose of repealing the prohibition against intentionally inflicting bodily harm, 3
permanent disability, or death on an animal owned or used by a law enforcement 4
unit; prohibiting a person from harassing, interfering with, injuring, or killing or 5
causing serious physical injury to an emergency response animal; and generally 6
relating to law enforcement animals. 7

BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 8
Article – Criminal Law 9
Section 10–606 10
Annotated Code of Maryland 11
(2021 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 12

2 SENATE BILL 360

BY adding to 1
Article – Criminal Law 2
Section 10–606.1 3
Annotated Code of Maryland 4
(2021 Replacement Volume and 2025 Supplement) 5

SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 6
That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 7

Article – Criminal Law 8

10–606. 9

(a) (1) In this section, “sexual contact with an animal” means any act: 10

(i) involving: 11

1. a person touching the sex organ or anus of an animal; 12

2. contact between: 13

A. the sex organ or anus of a person an d the mouth, sex 14
organ, or anus of an animal; or 15

B. the sex organ or anus of an animal, and the mouth, sex 16
organ, or anus of a person; or 17

3. insertion of: 18

A. any part of the body of a person into the opening of the 19
vagina or anus of an animal; 20

B. any part of an animal’s body into the opening of the vagina 21
or anus of a person; or 22

C. any object into the opening of the vagina or anus of an 23
animal; and 24

(ii) committed for the purpose of sexual arousal, sexual gratification, 25
abuse, or financial gain. 26

(2) “Sexual contact with an animal” does not include: 27

(i) an accepted veterinary practice; 28

(ii) artificial insemination of an animal for reproductive purposes; 29

SENATE BILL 360 3

(iii) accepted animal husbandry practices, including: 1

1. grooming; 2

2. raising; 3

3. breeding; 4

4. assisting with the birthing process; or 5

5. any other activity that provides care for an animal; or 6

(iv) generally accepted practices relating to the judging of breed 7
confirmation. 8

(b) A person may not: 9

(1) intentionally: 10

(i) mutilate an animal; 11

(ii) torture an animal; 12

(iii) cruelly beat an animal; 13

(iv) cruelly kill an animal; or 14

(v) engage in sexual contact with an animal; OR 15

(2) cause, procure, or authorize an act prohibited under item (1) of this 16
subsection[; or 17

(3) except in the case of self –defense, intentionally inflict bodily harm, 18
permanent disability, or death on an animal owned or used by a law enforcement unit]. 19

(c) (1) A person who violates this secti on is guilty of the felony of aggravated 20
cruelty to animals and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a 21
fine not exceeding $5,000 or both. 22

(2) As a condition of sentencing, the court may: 23

(i) order a defendant convicted of violating this section to: 24

1. participate in and pay for psychological counseling; and 25

4 SENATE BILL 360

2. pay, in addition to any other fines and costs, all reasonable 1
costs incurred in removing, housing, treating, or euthanizing an animal confiscated from 2
the defendant; and 3

(ii) prohibit a defendant from owning, possessing, or residing with 4
an animal for a specified period of time. 5

10–606.1. 6

(A) (1) IN THIS SECTION THE F OLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE MEANINGS 7
INDICATED. 8

(2) “EMERGENCY RESPONSE ANIMAL” MEANS: 9

(I) A DOG USED BY A LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT IN THE STATE 10
THAT IS TRAINED FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT WORK AND IS SUBJECT TO THE CONTROL 11
OF A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER WHO HAS COMP LETED HANDLER TRAINI NG IN 12
ACCORDANCE WITH THE POLICIES OF THE LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT THAT EMPLOYS 13
THE OFFICER; 14

(II) A HORSE USED BY A LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT IN THE STATE 15
FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT WORK; OR 16

(III) A SEARCH AND RESCUE DOG TRAINED FOR OR ENGAGED IN 17
AN EFFORT DIRECTED B Y A STATE AGENCY OR A POL ITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE 18
STATE TO LOCATE OR RESCUE A LOST, INJURED, OR DECEASED INDIVIDUAL; OR 19

(IV) A HORSE USED IN A SEARCH AND RESCUE EFFORT DIRECTED 20
BY A STATE AGENCY OR A POL ITICAL SUBDIVISION O F THE STATE TO LOCATE OR 21
RESCUE A LOST, INJURED, OR DECEASED INDIVIDUAL. 22

(3) “LAW ENFORCEMENT UNIT” HAS THE SAME MEANING STATED IN § 23
10–101 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ARTICLE. 24

(3) (4) “SERIOUS PHYSICAL INJU RY” MEANS PHYSICAL INJUR Y 25
THAT CAUSES PERMANENT OR PROTRACTED: 26

(I) DISFIGUREMENT; 27

(II) LOSS OF THE FUNCTION OF ANY BODILY MEMBER OR 28
ORGAN; OR 29

(III) IMPAIRMENT OF THE FU NCTION OF ANY BODILY MEMBER 30
OR ORGAN. 31
SENATE BILL 360 5

(B) (1) A PERSON MAY NOT INTENTIONALLY HARASS OR INTERFERE WITH 1
AN EMERGENCY RESPONS E ANIMAL DURING THE LAWFUL PERFORMANCE O F THE 2
EMERGENCY RESPONSE ANIMAL’S DUTIES. 3

(2) A PERSON MAY NOT INTEN TIONALLY INJURE AN E MERGENCY 4
RESPONSE ANIMAL. 5

(3) A PERSON MAY NOT VIOLA TE PARAGRAPH (1) OR (2) OF THIS 6
SUBSECTION DURING THE COMMISSION OF A CRIME. 7

(4) A PERSON MAY NOT INTEN TIONALLY KILL OR CAU SE SERIOUS 8
PHYSICAL INJURY TO AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE ANIMAL. 9

(C) (1) A PERSON WHO VIOLATES SUBSECTION (B)(1) OR (2) OF THIS 10
SECTION IS GUILTY OF A MISDEMEANOR AND ON CONVICTION IS SUBJEC T TO 11
IMPRISONMENT NOT EXC EEDING 1 YEAR OR A FINE NOT E XCEEDING $5,000 OR 12
BOTH. 13

(2) A PERSON WHO VIOLATES S UBSECTION (B)(3) OR (B)(4) OF THIS 14
SECTION IS GUILTY OF A MISDEMEANOR AND ON CONVICTION IS SUBJEC T TO 15
IMPRISONMENT NOT EXC EEDING 2 YEARS OR A FINE NOT EXCEEDING $15,000 16
$10,000 OR BOTH. 17

(3) A PERSON WHO VIOLATES SUBSECTION (B)(4) OF THIS SECTION IS 18
GUILTY OF A MISDEMEA NOR AND ON CONVICTIO N IS SUBJECT TO IMPR ISONMENT 19
NOT EXCEEDING 5 YEARS OR A FINE NOT EXCEEDING $10,000 OR BOTH. 20

(D) A SENTENCE IMPOSED UND ER THIS SECTION MAY BE IMPOSED 21
SEPARATE FROM AND CO NSECUTIVE TO OR CONC URRENT WITH A SENTENCE FOR 22
ANY CRIME BASED ON THE ACT ESTABLISHING THE VIOLATION OF THIS SECTION. 23

(E) (D) (1) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION PROHIBITS A DEFENDANT FROM 24
ASSERTING THE DEFENS E OF NECESSITY OR SELF –DEFENSE TO A CHARGE OF 25
VIOLATING THIS SECTION. 26

(2) IT IS AN AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE TO A CHARGE OF VIOLATING THIS 27
SECTION THAT THE DEFENDANT ACTED REASONABLY TO PREVENT PHYSICAL HARM 28
RESULTING FROM A VIOLATION OF THE MARYLAND USE OF FORCE STATUTE UNDER 29
§ 3–572 OF THE PUBLIC SAFETY ARTICLE. 30

SECTION 2. AND BE IT FU RTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 31
October 1, 2026. 32