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Act No. 52
Public Acts of 2025
Approved by the Governor
December 23, 2025
Filed with the Secretary of State
December 23, 2025
EFFECTIVE DATE: Sine Die
(91st day after final adjournment of the 2025 Regular Session)
STATE OF MICHIGAN
103RD LEGISLATURE
REGULAR SESSION OF 2025
Introduced by Reps. Hope, Rogers, Rheingans, Breen, Wilson, Brixie, Conlin, Byrnes, Longjohn,
Morgan, Hoskins and Martus
ENROLLED HOUSE BILL No. 4045
AN ACT to enact the uniform public expression protection act; and to provide protections and remedies to
persons sued for exercising rights to expression and other constitutionally protected rights.
The People of the State of Michigan enact:
Sec. 1. (1) This act may be cited as the “uniform public expression protection act”.
(2) The purpose and intent of this act is to do all of the following:
(a) Establish that it is the public policy of this state to promote the rights of citizens to vigorously participate
in government.
(b) Protect citizens from the chilling effect of retributive and abusive strategic lawsuits against public
participation, commonly referred to as SLAPP suits.
(c) Enact substantive law to minimize the damage of lawsuits described in subdivision (b) by shifting the
burden of litigation back to the party bringing the lawsuit, by doing all of the following:
(i) Providing for expedited judicial review.
(ii) Providing for a stay on discovery and other time and money consuming maneuvers during the expedited
judicial review.
(iii) Proscribing the evidence that may be considered in the expedited judicial review.
(iv) Establishing the burden of proof for the expedited judicial review.
(v) Providing for sanctions.
Sec. 2. (1) As used in this act:
(a) “Goods or services” does not include the creation, dissemination, exhibition, or advertisement or similar
promotion of a dramatic, literary, musical, political, journalistic, or artistic work.
(b) “Governmental unit” means a public corporation or government or governmental subdivision, agency, or
instrumentality.
(c) “Person” means an individual, estate, trust, partnership, business or nonprofit entity, governmental unit,
or other legal entity.
(d) “Eligible cause of action” means a cause of action asserted after the effective date of this act in a civil action
against a person based on any of the following:
(i) A communication by the person in a legislative, executive, judicial, administrative, or other governmental
proceeding.
(ii) A communication by the person on an issue under consideration or review in a legislative, executive,
judicial, administrative, or other governmental proceeding.
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(iii) The person’s exercise of the right of freedom of speech or of the press, the right to assemble or petition the
government for a redress of grievances, or the right of association, guaranteed by the United States Constitution
or the state constitution of 1963 on a matter of public concern.
(2) An otherwise eligible cause of action is not an eligible cause of action if 1 or more of the following apply:
(a) It is against a person primarily engaged in the business of selling or leasing goods or services if the cause
of action arises out of a communication related to the person’s sale or lease of the goods or services.
(b) It arises from a claim by an individual for the violation of any of the following:
(i) The Elliott-Larsen civil rights act, 1976 PA 453, MCL 37.2101 to 37.2804.
(ii) The persons with disabilities civil rights act, 1976 PA 220, MCL 37.1101 to 37.1607.
(iii) The whistleblowers’ protection act, 1980 PA 469, MCL 15.361 to 15.369.
(iv) The worker’s disability compensation act of 1969, 1969 PA 317, MCL 418.101 to 418.941.
(v) The freedom of information act, 1976 PA 442, MCL 15.231 to 15.246.
(vi) Title VII of the civil rights act of 1964, 42 USC 2000e to 2000e -17, including, but not limited to, the
pregnancy discrimination act, 42 USC 2000e(k).
(vii) Title IX of the education amendments of 1972, 20 USC 1681 to 1689.
(viii) The age discrimination in employment act of 1967, 29 USC 621 to 634.
(ix) The Americans with disabilities act of 1990, Public Law 101-336.
(x) The family and medical leave act of 1993, Public Law 103-3.
(xi) The fair labor standards act of 1938, 29 USC 201 to 219.
Sec. 3. Not later than 60 days after a party is served with a complaint, cross -claim, counterclaim, third-party
claim, or other pleading that asserts an eligible cause of action, or at a later time on a showing of good cause, the
party may file a special motion for expedited relief to dismiss the action or part of the action.
Sec. 4. (1) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (4) to (6), all of the following apply on the filing of a
motion under section 3:
(a) All other proceedings between the moving party and the responding party, including discovery and a
pending hearing or motion, are stayed.
(b) On motion by the moving party, the court may stay a hearing or motion involving another party, or
discovery by another party, if the hearing or ruling on the motion would adjudicate, or the discovery would relate
to, an issue material to the motion under section 3.
(2) A stay under subsection (1) remains in effect until entry of an order ruling on the motion under section 3
and expiration of the time under section 9 for the moving party to appeal the order.
(3) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (5) and (6), if a party appeals an order ruling on a motion under
section 3, all proceedings between all parties in the action are stayed. The stay remains in effect until the
conclusion of the appeal.
(4) During a stay under subsection (1), the court may allow limited discovery if a party shows that specific
information is necessary to establish whether a party has satisfied or failed to satisfy a burden under section 7(1)
and the information is not reasonably available unless discovery is allowed.
(5) A motion under section 10 for costs, attorney fees, and expenses is not subject to a stay under this section.
(6) A stay under this section does not affect a party’s ability voluntarily to dismiss an action or part of an action
or move to sever a cause of action.
Sec. 5. (1) The court shall hear a motion under section 3 not later than 60 days after the motion is filed, unless
the court orders a later hearing for either of the following reasons:
(a) To allow discovery under section 4(4).
(b) For other good cause.
(2) If the court orders a later hearing under subsection (1)(a), the court shall hear the motion under section 3
not later than 60 days after the court order allowing the discovery, unless the court orders a later hearing under
subsection (1)(b).
Sec. 6. In ruling on a motion under section 3, the court shall consider the pleadings, the motion, any reply or
response to the motion, affidavits, depositions, admissions, or other documentary evidence.
Sec. 7. (1) In ruling on a motion under section 3, the court shall dismiss with prejudice an action, or part of an
action, if all of the following apply:
(a) The moving party establishes the cause of action is an eligible cause of action.
(b) The responding party fails to establish that the cause of action is not an eligible cause of action under
section 2(2).
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(c) Either of the following applies:
(i) The responding party fails to establish a prima facie case as to each essential element of the cause of action.
(ii) The moving party establishes either of the following:
(A) The responding party failed to state a cause of action on which relief can be granted.
(B) There is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter
of law on the action or part of the action.
(2) A voluntary dismissal without prejudice of a responding party’s action, or part of an action, that is the
subject of a motion under section 3 does not affect a moving party’s right to obtain a ruling on the motion and seek
costs, attorney fees, and expenses under section 10.
(3) A voluntary dismissal with prejudice of a responding party’s action, or part of an action, that is the subject
of a motion under section 3, establishes for the purpose of section 10 that the moving party prevailed on the
motion.
Sec. 8. The court shall rule on a motion under section 3 not later than 60 days after a hearing under section 5.
Sec. 9. A moving party may appeal as a matter of right from an order denying, in whole or in part, a motion
under section 3. The appeal must be filed not later than 21 days after entry of the order.
Sec. 10. On a motion under section 3, the court shall award court costs, reasonable attorney fees, and
reasonable litigation expenses related to the motion as follows:
(a) To the moving party if the moving party prevails on the motion.
(b) To the responding party if the responding party prevails on the motion and the court finds that the motion
was frivolous or filed solely with intent to delay the proceeding.
Sec. 11. This act must be broadly construed and applied to protect the exercise of the right of freedom of speech
and of the press, the right to assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances, and the right of
association, guaranteed by the United States Constitution and the state constitution of 1963.
Sec. 13. This act applies to a civil action filed or cause of action asserted in a civil action on or after the effective
date of this act.
Clerk of the House of Representatives
Secretary of the Senate
Approved___________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Governor