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HB-6073, As Passed House, June 23, 2026
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SUBSTITUTE FOR
HOUSE BILL NO. 6073
A bill to prohibit consumer reporting agencies from including
certain information related to medical debt in consumer reports; to
prohibit the use of medical debt under certain circumstances; to
establish standards for the collection of medical debt; to regulate
certain reporting of medical debt; and to provide remedies.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ENACT:
Sec. 1. This act may be cited as the "medical debt act". 1
Sec. 3. As used in this act: 2
(a) "Collection agency" means that term as defined in section 3
901 of the occupational code, 1980 PA 299, MCL 339.901. 4
(b) "Consumer" means a resident of this state. 5
(c) "Consumer report" means a written, oral, or other 6
communication or any information by a consumer reporting agency 7
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that relates to a consumer's creditworthiness, credit standing, 1
credit capacity, debts, character, general reputation, personal 2
characteristics, or mode of living, that is used or expected to be 3
used or collected, in whole or in part, as a factor to establish a 4
consumer's eligibility for credit or insurance for personal, 5
family, or household purposes, an employment purpose, or any other 6
purpose authorized under the fair credit reporting act, 15 USC 1681 7
to 1681x. Consumer report does not include any of the following: 8
(i) A report that contains information that relates only to a 9
transaction between the consumer and the person making the report. 10
(ii) An authorization or approval of a specific extension of 11
credit directly or indirectly by the issuer of a credit card or 12
similar device. 13
(iii) A report in which a person that has been requested by a 14
third party to make a specific extension of credit directly or 15
indirectly to a consumer conveys a decision with respect to the 16
request, if the third party advises the consumer of the name and 17
address of the person that the request was made to and the person 18
makes any disclosure required under the fair credit reporting act, 19
15 USC 1681 to 1681x, to the consumer. 20
(d) "Consumer reporting agency" means a person that, for 21
monetary fees, for dues, or on a cooperative nonprofit basis, 22
regularly engages, in whole or in part, in the practice of 23
assembling or evaluating consumer credit information or other 24
information on consumers for the purpose of furnishing consumer 25
reports to third parties. Consumer reporting agency does not 26
include a business entity that provides only check verification or 27
check guarantee services. 28
(e) "Creditworthiness" means an entry in a consumer's credit 29
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file that impacts the ability of a consumer to obtain and retain 1
credit, employment, business or professional licenses, investment 2
opportunities, or insurance, including, but not limited to, entries 3
related to payment information, defaults, judgments, liens, 4
bankruptcies, collections, records of arrest and indictments, and 5
multiple credit inquiries. 6
(f) "Employment purpose" means the purpose of evaluating a 7
consumer for employment, promotion, reassignment, or retention as 8
an employee. 9
(g) "File" means all of the information on the consumer that 10
is recorded and retained by a consumer reporting agency, regardless 11
of how the information is stored. 12
(h) "Health care good" includes, but is not limited to, a 13
medical product, a medical device, any durable medical equipment, 14
or a prescription drug. 15
(i) "Health care service" means any of the following: 16
(i) A service included in or incidental to the furnishing of 17
any medical, behavioral, mental health, substance use disorder, 18
nursing home, dental, or optometric care. 19
(ii) A service included in or incidental to hospitalization. 20
(iii) A service furnished to an individual for the purpose of 21
preventing, alleviating, curing, or healing human physical illness 22
or injury, or behavioral, mental health, or substance use disorder. 23
(j) "Medical creditor" means a person that provides a health 24
care service or health care good and to whom the consumer owes 25
money for a health care service or health care good, or a person 26
that provided a health care service or health care good and to whom 27
the consumer previously owed money if the medical debt has been 28
purchased by 1 or more debt buyers. As used in this subdivision, 29
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"debt buyer" means a person that purchases medical debt and brings 1
an action to collect the medical debt. 2
(k) "Medical debt" means a debt owed by a consumer to a person 3
whose primary business is providing a health care service or health 4
care good, or to the person's agent or assignee, for the provision 5
of a health care service or health care good. Medical debt 6
includes, but is not limited to, medical bills that are not past 7
due or that have been paid. Medical debt does not include debt 8
charged to a credit card unless the credit card is issued under an 9
open-end or closed-end credit plan offered solely for the payment 10
of a health care service or health care good. 11
(l) "Medical debt collector" means a person that regularly 12
collects or attempts to collect, directly or indirectly, medical 13
debt. 14
Sec. 5. (1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), a 15
consumer reporting agency shall not make a consumer report that 16
contains an adverse item of information that the consumer reporting 17
agency knows or should know concerns medical debt. 18
(2) This section does not apply to a consumer report that will 19
be used in connection with a credit transaction involving, or that 20
may reasonably be expected to involve, a principal amount that 21
exceeds the national conforming loan limit value for a 1-unit 22
property, as determined annually by the Federal Housing Finance 23
Authority. 24
Sec. 7. A medical creditor or a medical debt collector shall 25
not communicate with or report any information to a consumer 26
reporting agency regarding a medical debt. 27
Sec. 9. A collection agency, when attempting to collect debt 28
that the collection agency knows is medical debt, or when 29
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attempting to obtain information about a consumer related to the 1
collection of medical debt, shall not represent that the medical 2
debt information will be included in a consumer report, unless the 3
consumer report will be used in connection with a credit 4
transaction that involves, or that may reasonably be expected to 5
involve, a principal amount that exceeds the national conforming 6
loan limit value for a 1-unit property, as determined annually by 7
the Federal Housing Finance Authority. 8
Sec. 11. A collection agency shall include the following 9
statement in the collection agency's initial written communication 10
to a consumer: "Michigan law prohibits consumer reporting agencies 11
from reporting medical debt information, unless the consumer report 12
will be used in connection with a credit transaction that involves, 13
or that may reasonably be expected to involve, a principal amount 14
that exceeds the national conforming loan limit value for a 1-unit 15
property, as determined annually by the Federal Housing Finance 16
Authority.". 17
Sec. 12. (1) If a consumer reporting agency includes medical 18
debt in a consumer report, the consumer reporting agency shall 19
include in the consumer report only the amount of medical debt that 20
is owed by the consumer after any discount, rebate, and payment 21
made by the consumer or a third party on behalf of the consumer. 22
(2) This act does not prohibit a consumer reporting agency 23
from providing a disclaimer in a consumer report that the consumer 24
report does not contain information on medical debt. 25
Sec. 13. (1) An individual who alleges a violation of this act 26
may bring a civil action against the person that committed the 27
alleged violation to recover 1 or more of the following: 28
(a) Actual damages. 29
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Final Page
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(b) Injunctive relief. 1
(2) For an action under this section in which an individual 2
prevails, the individual may recover the costs of the action, 3
including reasonable attorney fees. 4
Enacting section 1. This act does not take effect unless 5
Senate Bill No. 95 of the 103rd Legislature is enacted into law. 6