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HOUSE BILL NO. 6110
A bill to provide remedies for violations of constitutional
and other legal rights.
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ENACT:
Sec. 1. This act may be cited as the "universal constitutional 1
remedies act". 2
Sec. 2. As used in this act: 3
(a) "Color of law" means under color of a law, including under 4
color of a statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of the 5
United States. 6
(b) "Person" means an individual or a partnership, 7
June 18, 2026, Introduced by Reps. MacDonell, McFall, Dievendorf, Rheingans, Wegela, Brixie,
Hoskins, Steckloff, Edwards, B. Carter, Grant, Longjohn, Rogers, Wooden, Byrnes, Martus,
Paiz, Hope, Price, Morgan, Arbit, Xiong, Foreman, Tsernoglou, Scott, Glanv ille, Pohutsky,
Koleszar, Myers-Phillips, Weiss, Young and Puri and referred to Committee on Government
Operations.
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corporation, limited liability company, association, governmental 1
entity, or other legal entity. 2
Sec. 3. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), a person 3
that, under color of law, subjects, or causes to be subjected, a 4
citizen of the United States or another person within the 5
jurisdiction of the United States to the deprivation of rights, 6
privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution of the United 7
States is liable to the other person in a civil action or other 8
proper proceeding for redress. 9
(2) In an action brought under this act against a judicial 10
officer for an act or omission made in the officer's judicial 11
capacity, the court shall not grant injunctive relief unless a 12
declaratory judgment was violated or declaratory relief was 13
unavailable. 14
Sec. 4. (1) A defendant in an action under this act may assert 15
a defense of absolute or qualified immunity to the same extent as a 16
person sued under 42 USC 1983 under like circumstances. 17
(2) This act must not be construed to waive or abrogate a 18
defense of sovereign immunity that is otherwise available to a 19
party. 20
Sec. 5. (1) In an action or proceeding under this act, the 21
court, in its discretion, may award a prevailing plaintiff 22
reasonable attorney fees as part of the costs, except that in an 23
action brought against a judicial officer for an act or omission 24
made in the officer's judicial capacity, the officer may not be 25
held liable for any costs, including attorney fees, unless the 26
conduct was clearly in excess of the officer's jurisdiction. 27
(2) In awarding attorney fees under subsection (1), the court, 28
in its discretion, may include expert fees as part of the attorney 29
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fees. 1
Sec. 6. A civil action under this act may not be commenced 2
later than 2 years after the cause of action accrues. 3
Sec. 7. This act applies to a civil action or proceeding 4
pending on or filed on or after the effective date of this act. 5