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HF5159 • 2026

Nonferrous mining prohibited if sulfate levels increase in waters within the Rainy River headwaters, and penalties established.

Nonferrous mining prohibited if sulfate levels increase in waters within the Rainy River headwaters, and penalties established.

Passed Legislature

This bill passed both chambers and reached final enrollment, even if later executive action is not shown here.

Sponsor
Falconer, Kraft, Kozlowski
Last action
2026-05-17
Official status
Introduction and first reading, referred to Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

Using official source text because the generated explanation was unavailable or could not be confirmed against the official bill text.

Nonferrous mining prohibited if sulfate levels increase in waters within the Rainy River headwaters, and penalties established.

Nonferrous mining prohibited if sulfate levels increase in waters within the Rainy River headwaters, and penalties established.

What This Bill Does

  • Nonferrous mining prohibited if sulfate levels increase in waters within the Rainy River headwaters, and penalties established.

Limits and Unknowns

  • This entry is temporarily using official source text because the generated explanation could not be confirmed against the official bill text during the last sync.

Bill History

  1. 2026-05-17 House

    Introduction and first reading, referred to Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy

Official Summary Text

Nonferrous mining prohibited if sulfate levels increase in waters within the Rainy River headwaters, and penalties established.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
A bill for an act

relating to natural resources; prohibiting nonferrous mining if sulfate levels increase

in waters within the Rainy River headwaters; establishing penalties; amending

Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 84.523; proposing coding for new law in

Minnesota Statutes, chapter 84.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MINNESOTA:

Section 1.

Minnesota Statutes 2024, section 84.523, is amended to read:

84.523 BWCA; MANAGING MINERALS AND RELATED RESOURCES.

Subdivision 1.

Definition.

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(a)
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For the purposes of this section
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and section 84.5235
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, the
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term
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following terms have the meanings given.
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(b)
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"Boundary Waters Canoe Area
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Wilderness
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" means that area of lands and waters

included within the boundaries designated in
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federal regulation REG U-3, Code of Federal

Regulations, title 36, section 293.16, as that regulation provided on January 1, 1975.
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Public

Law 95-495.
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(c) "Rainy River headwaters" means that area of land and waters included within the

Rainy River headwaters of the Rainy River basin designated on the Department of Natural

Resources map entitled Minnesota's Watershed Basins as identified in Minnesota Rules,

part 7050.0470, subpart 2, item A, subitem (1), and designated on the map of Minnesota's

Major Watersheds under Minnesota Rules, part 7050.0469 (HUC 09030001).

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Subd. 2.

Intent.

The legislature finds that a combination of state legislative and

administrative actions and court decisions have established a public policy of primarily

wilderness management for state lands and waters within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area
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Wilderness
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. This state policy, together with a similar federal policy and international actions

consistent with these state and federal policies, has created an area of hundreds of thousands

of acres of land and water containing myriad lakes and streams, wooded shores, virgin

forests, and other natural attractions of surpassing scenic beauty and solitude, free from

substantially all commercial activities and artificial development such as hydroelectric dams

and power lines, resorts, roads, sawmills, and timber harvesting in no-cut zones.

Subd. 3.

Mining; prohibition.

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(a)
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Except with the prior approval of the legislature in

those cases of national emergency
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which
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that
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have been declared by the Congress and
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which
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that
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direct the need for exploration and mining of federal lands within the Boundary Waters

Canoe Area
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,
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Wilderness
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and after an investigation and determination by the commissioner

of natural resources pursuant to subdivision 5
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,
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no state-owned or administered land may be

leased for exploration or mining of minerals, and no state permits, licenses or leases shall

be issued to use any other state natural resources for any mineral exploration or mining

operations in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area
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Wilderness
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.

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(b) The commissioner of natural resources may not issue a permit to mine nonferrous

metallic minerals within the Rainy River headwaters unless:

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(1) the level of sulfate in potentially affected surface water or groundwater is not estimated

to increase as a result of the mine by more than zero parts per million;

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(2) the permit to mine prohibits mining operations if the level of sulfate in affected

surface water or groundwater increases as a result of the mine by more than zero parts per

million; and

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(3) the permit to mine requires the water quality of surface waters that may be affected

by the mining operations to be monitored and the monitoring results to be made available

through the Pollution Control Agency's surface water data access website.

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Subd. 4.

Peat harvesting; prohibition.

Except with prior approval of the legislature in

those cases of national emergency
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which
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that
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have been declared by the Congress and
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which
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that
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direct the need for exploitation of peat deposits on federal land within the Boundary

Waters Canoe Area
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,
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Wilderness
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and after an investigation and determination by the

commissioner of natural resources pursuant to subdivision 5
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,
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no state-owned or administered

land may be leased for the purpose of harvesting peat, and no state permits, licenses or

leases shall be issued to use any other state natural resources for the purpose of harvesting

peat in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area
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Wilderness
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.

Subd. 5.

Investigation and determination.

In the event of a national emergency declared

by Congress
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which
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that
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requires, for the protection of national interests, exploitation of

natural resources of the type found in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area
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Wilderness
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, the

commissioner of natural resources shall investigate and determine if there are reasonable

alternative methods for providing the needed resources. If the investigation shows there are

reasonable alternatives to exploitation of natural resources in the area, no permit for

development shall be issued. If the commissioner of natural resources determines there is

a need to provide resources from within the Boundary Waters Canoe Area
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,
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Wilderness
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and

that there is no reasonable alternative available to meet the need, a permit may be issued

upon approval by the state legislature.

Subd. 6.

State-owned lands.

Acquired lands owned by the state within the Boundary

Waters Canoe Area
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Wilderness
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defined in subdivision 1 are designated as state wilderness

areas under section
86A.05, subdivision 6
.

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EFFECTIVE DATE.

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This section is effective the day following final enactment.

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Sec. 2.

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[84.5235] RAINY RIVER HEADWATERS NONFERROUS MINING;

SULFATE.

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(a) Notwithstanding section 93.481, subdivision 4, if the commissioner of natural

resources determines that an increase in sulfate in surface water or groundwater in excess

of zero parts per million has occurred as a result of a nonferrous metallic mineral mine

within the Rainy River headwaters, the commissioner must order the permittee to suspend

operations under the permit to mine. The commissioner must assess a civil penalty in the

amount of $500,000,000 for violating the terms of the permit established under section

84.523, subdivision 3, paragraph (b), clause (2).

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(b) A permittee ordered to suspend operations under paragraph (a) must immediately

suspend operations. The permittee may resume operations only after the commissioner has

reinstated the permit under paragraph (c).

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(c) The commissioner of natural resources may reinstate the permit to mine after the

commissioner determines that the permittee has demonstrated that:

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(1) the increase in sulfate has been remedied by providing the results of three years of

continuous water-quality monitoring conducted by a third party approved by the

commissioner of the Pollution Control Agency; and

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(2) future mining operations will not increase the level of sulfate in surface water or

groundwater by more than zero parts per million.

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(d) The permittee must provide all access to the mine that is necessary to conduct

water-quality monitoring required under paragraph (c) and cover all costs of the third party

conducting the water-quality monitoring.

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EFFECTIVE DATE.

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This section is effective the day following final enactment.

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