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SECOND REGULAR SESSION
HOUSE BILL NO. 2388
103RD GENERAL ASSEMBL Y
INTRODUCED BY REPRESENT A TIVE JORDAN.
5461H.01I JOSEPH ENGLER, Chief Clerk
AN ACT
T o amend chapter 640, RSMo, by adding thereto one new section relating to geoengineering
and weather modification, with penalty provisions.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of Missouri, as follows:
Section A. Chapter 640, RSMo, is amended by adding thereto one new section, to be
2 known as section 640.870, to read as follows:
640.870. 1. This section shall be known and may be cited as the "Clean Skies
2 Act".
3 2. As used in this section, the following terms mean:
4 (1) "Artificial intelligence", a field of science and technology encompassing
5 systems and tools that can perform tasks typically r equiring human intelligence, such as
6 learning, r easoning, pattern r ecognition, and decision-making, often thr ough
7 computational techniques such as machine learning and neural networks;
8 (2) "Cloud seeding", a type of weather engineering or experimentation that
9 involves the r elease of chemicals, chemical compounds, and pollutants into the
10 atmospher e that serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, which alter the
1 1 micr ophysical pr ocess within the cloud to change the amount or type of pr ecipitation;
12 (3) "Department", the department of natural res ource s;
13 (4) "Entity", includes any of the following:
14 (a) Individual;
15 (b) T rust;
16 (c) Firm;
17 (d) Joint stock company;
EXPLANA TION — Matter enclosed in bold-faced brackets [thus] in the above bill is not enacted and is
intended to be omitted from the law . Matter in bold-face type in the above bill is proposed language.
18 (e) Corporation, including a quasi-governmental corporation;
19 (f) Nongovernmental organization;
20 (g) Partnership;
21 (h) Association;
22 (i) Syndicate;
23 (j) Municipality or municipal agency;
24 (k) Pr ogram;
25 (l) Fir e district;
26 (m) Club;
27 (n) Nonpr ofit agency;
28 (o) Commission;
29 (p) University , college, or academic institution;
30 (q) Department or agency of this state;
31 (r) Federal government or any interstate or international governance or
32 instrumentality ther eof, including for eign, domestic and mer cenary armed services or
33 r egions within the United States; or
34 (s) Artificial intelligence;
35 (5) "Geoengineering", the large-scale alteration or manipulation of the
36 envir onment including, but not limited to, the relea se of the following agents that
37 incr ease air pollutants which affect changes to the earth's atmospher e or surface:
38 (a) Aerosols, chemicals, chemical compounds;
39 (b) Any physical or biological agents;
40 (c) Solar radiation modification;
41 (d) Solar radiation refl ection methods;
42 (e) Climate intervention; or
43 (f) Stratospheric aerosol injection;
44 (6) "Pollutant", includes, but is not limited to, the following:
45 (a) An aer osol, biologic, trans-biologic, genetically modified agent, chaff, metal,
46 radioactive material, acid, alkali, chemical, chemical compound, contaminant,
4 7 micr oelectroni c mechanical system, smart dust, smoke, soot, substance, fume, vapor ,
48 or air pollutant reg ulated by this state;
49 (b) A mechanical vibration, physical agent, particulate, or waste, including
50 materials that may be recycl ed, r econditioned, or r eclaimed;
51 (c) A solid, liquid, gaseous, or thermal irritant; and
52 (d) An artificially pr oduced electric field, magnetic field, electr omagnetic field,
53 electr omagnetic pulse, sound wave, sound pollution, light pollution, micr owave, or
54 ionizing or nonionizing radiation;
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55 (7) "Release", any activity that r esults in the issuance of contaminants such as
56 the emitting, transmitting, discharging or injecting of one or mor e nuclear , biological,
57 trans-biological, chemical, or physical agents, into the ambient atmospher e, whether
58 once, intermittently , or continuously;
59 (8) "W eather modification", changing, contr olling, or interfering with or
60 attempting to alter , change, control, or interfer e with the natural development of cloud
61 forms, pr ecipitation, bar ometric pr essur e, temperatur e, conductivity , or other
6 2 electr omagnetic or sonic characteristics of the atmospher e.
63 3. Notwithstanding any other provi sion of law , no entity shall engage in any form
64 of geoengineering, weather modification, or cloud seeding in this state.
65 4. (1) The department shall cre ate an online publicly accessible form for
66 r eporting suspected violations under this section. The department shall establish
67 pr ocedur es to investigate every such repo rt to determine whether any violation has
68 occurr ed.
69 (2) If the department determines that a violation has occurr ed, the department
70 shall immediately issue a cease-and-desist order to the entity in violation. The cease-
71 and-desist order under this section shall have the weight of a court order and any
72 violation shall be punished in accordance with the provi sions of subsection 5 of this
73 section.
74 (3) The department shall develop rules and pr ocedur es for the enforcem ent of
75 the pro visions of this section when the entity continues the violation.
76 (4) The department may enlist the assistance of local law enforcem ent, the
77 Missouri state highway patro l, or the department of the National Guard to investigate
78 and enforce the pro visions of this section as deemed necessary .
79 5. Any entity found to be in violation of this section shall:
80 (1) Be guilty of a felony and shall pay a fine of not less than one hundr ed
81 thousand dollars or be imprisoned for not mor e than two years, or both; and
82 (2) Be guilty of committing a separate offense for each day during which the
83 pr ohibited activity has been conducted, rep eated, or continued.
84 6. Nothing in this section shall be construed to pr event the use of pesticides on
85 farming and ranching operations in this state.
86 7. The department shall promul gate all necessary rules and r egulations for the
87 administration of this section. Any rule or portion of a rule, as that term is defined in
88 section 536.010, that is crea ted under the authority delegated in this section shall
89 become effective only if it complies with and is subject to all of the provi sions of chapter
90 536 and, if applicable, section 536.028. This section and chapter 536 are nonseverable
91 and if any of the powers vested with the general assembly pursuant to chapter 536 to
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92 r eview , to delay the effective date, or to disappr ove and annul a rule are subsequently
93 held unconstitutional, then the grant of rulemaking authority and any rule pr oposed or
94 adopted after August 28, 2026, shall be invalid and void.
✔
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