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SECOND REGULAR SESSION
HOUSE BILL NO. 3130
103RD GENERAL ASSEMBL Y
INTRODUCED BY REPRESENT A TIVE PLANK.
6706H.01I JOSEPH ENGLER, Chief Clerk
AN ACT
T o repeal sections 1.410, 1.420, 1.430, 1.440, 1.450, 1.460, 1.470, 1.480, and 1.485, RSMo,
and to enact in lieu thereof six new sections relating to constitutional liberties, with
penalty provisions.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of Missouri, as follows:
Section A. Sections 1.410, 1.420, 1.430, 1.440, 1.450, 1.460, 1.470, 1.480, and 1.485,
2 RSMo, are repealed and six new sections enacted in lieu thereof, to be known as sections
3 1.41 1, 1.451, 1.461, 1.471, 1.481, and 1.484, to read as follows:
1.41 1 . 1. Sections 1.41 1 to 1.484 shall be known and may be cited as the "Pret ti-
2 Good Act".
3 2. The general assembly finds and declar es that:
4 (1) The general assembly of the state of Missouri is firmly r esolved to support
5 and defend the Constitution of the United States against every aggr ession, whether
6 for eign or domestic, and is duty bound to oppose every infraction of those principles
7 that constitute the basis of the union of the states because only a faithful observance of
8 those principles can secur e the Union's existence and the public happiness;
9 (2) Acting thr ough the Constitution of the United States, the people of the
10 several states cr eated the federal government to be their agent in the exer cise of a few
11 defined powers, while res erving for the state governments the power to legislate on
12 matters concerning the lives, liberties, and pro perties of citizens in the ordinary course
13 of affairs;
14 (3) The limitation of the federal government's power is affirmed under
15 Amendment X of the Constitution of the United States, which defines the total scope of
EXPLANA TION — Matter enclosed in bold-faced brackets [thus] in the above bill is not enacted and is
intended to be omitted from the law . Matter in bold-face type in the above bill is proposed language.
16 federal powers as being those that have been delegated by the people of the several states
17 to the federal government and all powers not delegated to the federal government in the
18 Constitution of the United States are res erved to the states r espectively or the people
19 themselves;
20 (4) If the federal government assumes powers that the people did not grant it in
21 the Constitution of the United States, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no for ce;
22 (5) The several states of the United States res pect the prop er role of the federal
23 government but re ject the prop osition that such res pect req uires unlimited submission.
24 If the federal government, cr eated by a compact among the states, were the exclusive or
25 final judge of the extent of the powers granted to it by the states thr ough the
26 Constitution of the United States, the federal government's discret ion, and not the
27 Constitution of the United States, would necessarily become the measur e of those
28 powers. T o the contrary , as in all other cases of compacts among powers having no
29 common judge, each party has an equal right to judge for itself as to whether infractions
30 of the compact have occurr ed, as well as to determine the mode and measur e of redr ess.
31 Although the several states have granted suprem acy to laws and tr eaties made under the
32 powers granted in the Constitution of the United States, such supr emacy does not extend
33 to various federal statutes, executive orders, administrative orders, court orders, rules,
34 r egulations, or other actions that collect data or res trict or proh ibit the manufactur e,
35 ownership, or use of fir earms, fir earm accessories, or ammunition exclusively within the
36 borders of Missouri. Such statutes, executive orders, administrative orders, court
37 orders, rules, regu lations, and other actions exceed the powers granted to the federal
38 government except to the extent they are necessary and pr oper for governing and
39 r egulating the Armed For ces of the United States or for organizing, arming, and
40 disciplining militia for ces actively employed in the service of the Armed For ces of the
41 United States;
42 (6) The several states of the United States r espect the pr oper ro le of peace
43 officers and federal law enfor cement agents working in the state of Missouri but reject
44 the prop osition that such res pect r equir es a forfeitur e of constitutional rights. The
45 pr eservation of liberty and security of the people requ ires transpar ency and
4 6 accountability in the exercise of police powers. The use of anonymity or facial
47 concealment by peace officers and other law enforce ment agents undermines a law-
48 abiding citizen's ability to assess the legality of sear ches and seizures and seek redr ess
49 for unlawful conduct and is ther efor e antithetical to the right to be secur e in one's
50 person and effects as ensured by Amendment IV of the Constitution of the United States.
51 Ther efor e, any peace officer , law enfor cement agent, or person acting under the color of
52 law within this state shall, in every public interaction, clearly and prompt ly identify
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53 himself or herself and the authority under which he or she acts. Peace officers, law
54 enfor cement agents, or persons acting under the color of law within this state shall not
55 obscur e or conceal their faces by masks or other facial coverings except wher e strictly
56 necessary for immediate safety in exigent cir cumstances as described in section 563.026;
57 (7) Although the several states have granted suprem acy to laws and trea ties
58 made under the powers granted in the Constitution of the United States, such
59 supr emacy does not extend to various federal statutes, executive orders, administrative
60 orders, court orders, rules, r egulations, or other actions that requ ire or allow the use of
61 facial coverings by peace officers or law enforcem ent acting within the borders of
62 Missouri or that allow peace officers or law enfor cement officers acting within the
63 borders of Missouri to ref use to identify themselves and the authority under which they
64 act. Such statutes, executive orders, administrative orders, court orders, rules,
65 r egulations, and other actions exceed the powers granted to the federal government
66 except to the extent they are necessary and pr oper for governing and regula ting the
67 Armed For ces of the United States or for organizing, arming, and disciplining militia
68 for ces actively employed in the service of the Armed For ces of the United States;
69 (8) The people of the several states have given Congr ess the power "to r egulate
70 commer ce with for eign nations, and among the several states", but "r egulating
71 commer ce" does not include the power to limit citizens' rights to keep and bear arms in
72 defense of their families, neighbors, persons, or pr operty and to be secure in their
73 persons and effects against unr easonable sear ches and seizur es nor to dictate what sorts
74 of arms and accessories law-abiding Missourians may buy , sell, exchange, or otherwise
75 possess within the borders of this state;
76 (9) The people of the several states have also granted Congr ess the powers "to
77 lay and collect taxes, duties, imports, and excises, to pay the debts, and provi de for the
78 common defense and general welfare of the United States" and "to make all laws which
79 shall be necessary and pro per for carrying into execution the powers vested by the
80 Constitution of the United States in the government of the United States, or in any
81 department or office ther eof". These constitutional pr ovisions mer ely identify the
82 means by which the federal government may execute its limited powers and shall not be
83 construed to grant unlimited power because to do so would be to destr oy the car efully
84 constructed equilibrium between the federal and state governments. Consequently , the
85 general assembly rej ects any claim that the taxing and spending powers of Congr ess
86 may be used to diminish in any way the rights of the people to keep and bear arms and
87 be secur e in their persons and effects against unre asonable sear ches and seizures ;
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88 (10) The federal excise tax rate on arms and ammunition in effect prior to
89 January 1, 2026, which funds progra ms under the W ildlife Restoration Act, does not
90 have a chilling effect on the purch ase or ownership of such arms and ammunition;
91 (1 1) The people of Missouri have vested the general assembly with the authority
92 to regula te police powers and the manufactur e, possession, exchange, and use of
93 fir earms within the borders of this state, subject only to the limits imposed by
94 Amendments II and IV of the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of
95 Missouri; and
96 (12) The general assembly of the state of Missouri stron gly promot es res ponsible
97 gun ownership, including par ental supervision of minors in the pr oper use, storage, and
98 ownership of all fire arms; the pr ompt r eporting of stolen fir earms; and the pro per
99 enfor cement of all state gun laws. The general assembly of the state of Missouri here by
100 condemns any unlawful transfer of fir earms and the use of any fir earm in any criminal
101 or unlawful activity .
1.451 . No public officer or employee of this state or any political subdivision of
2 this state shall have the authority to enforce or attempt to enfor ce against law-abiding
3 citizens any federal acts, laws, executive orders, administrative orders, rules,
4 r egulations, statutes, or ordinances that re gulate fire arms, fir earm accessories, or
5 ammunition or that requ ire or allow peace officers or law enforcem ent officers acting
6 within the borders of this state to use facial coverings or r efuse to identify themselves or
7 the authority under which they act. Nothing in sections 1.451 to 1.484 shall be construed
8 to pr ohibit Missouri officials fr om accepting aid fr om federal officials in an effort to
9 enfor ce Missouri laws.
1.461 . 1. Any political subdivision or law enforcem ent agency that employs a
2 law enfor cement officer who acts knowingly , as defined under section 562.016, to violate
3 the pr ovisions of section 1.451 or otherwise knowingly deprives a citizen of Missouri of
4 the rights or privileges ensur ed by Amendment II or IV of the Constitution of the United
5 States or Article I, Section 15 or 23 of the Constitution of Missouri while acting under
6 the color of any state or federal law shall be liable to the injur ed party in an action at
7 law , suit in equity , or other pr oper pr oceeding for red res s, and subject to a civil penalty
8 of fifty thousand dollars per occurr ence. Any person injur ed under this section shall
9 have standing to pursue an action for injunctive rel ief in the cir cuit court of the county
10 in which the action allegedly occurr ed or in the cir cuit court of Cole County with res pect
11 to the actions of such individual. The court shall hold a hearing on the motion for a
12 temporary r estraining order and pr eliminary injunction within thirty days of service of
13 the petition.
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14 2. In such actions, the court may award the pr evailing party , other than the state
15 of Missouri or any political subdivision of the state, rea sonable attorney's fees and costs.
16 3. Sover eign immunity shall not be an affirmative defense in any action pursuant
17 to this section.
1.471 . 1. Any political subdivision or law enforc ement agency that knowingly
2 employs an individual acting or who pre viously acted as an official, agent, employee, or
3 deputy of the government of the United States, or otherwise acted under the color of
4 federal law within the borders of this state, who has knowingly , as defined under section
5 562.016, after the adoption of this section:
6 (1) Enfor ced, attempted to enfor ce, or participated in any way in the
7 enfor cement or implementation of any federal acts, laws, executive orders, rules,
8 r egulations, statutes, or ordinances that re gulate fire arms, fir earm accessories, or
9 ammunition or that requ ire or allow peace officers or law enforcem ent officers acting
10 within the borders of this state to use facial coverings or r efuse to identify themselves or
11 the authority under which they act; or
12 (2) Given material aid and support to the efforts of another who enforce s or
13 attempts to enforc e or participates in any way in the enfor cement or implementation of
14 any federal acts, laws, executive orders, rules, regu lations, statutes, or ordinances that
15 r egulate fir earms, fir earm accessories, or ammunition or that requi re or allow peace
16 officers or law enforcem ent officers acting within the borders of this state to use facial
17 coverings or r efuse to identify themselves or the authority under which they act
18
19 shall be subject to a civil penalty of fifty thousand dollars per employee hir ed by the
20 political subdivision or law enforcem ent agency involved in a course of conduct
21 described in subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection. Each such course of conduct shall
22 subject the political subdivision or law enfor cement agency to a separate civil penalty .
23 Any person res iding in a jurisdiction who believes that an individual has taken action
24 that would violate the pr ovisions of this section shall have standing to pursue an action,
25 but multiple actions relat ing to the same course of conduct shall not subject the political
26 subdivision or law enfor cement agency to penalties that total mor e than fifty thousand
27 dollars for each employee involved in the course of conduct.
28 2. Any person r esiding or conducting business in a jurisdiction who believes that
29 an individual has taken action that would violate the pr ovisions of this section shall have
30 standing to pursue an action for injunctive reli ef in the circui t court of the county in
31 which the action allegedly occurr ed or in the cir cuit court of Cole County with r espect to
32 the actions of such individual. The court shall hold a hearing on the motion for a
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33 temporary r estraining order and pr eliminary injunction within thirty days of service of
34 the petition.
35 3. In such actions, the court may award the pr evailing party , other than the state
36 of Missouri or any political subdivision of the state, rea sonable attorney's fees and costs.
37 4. Sover eign immunity shall not be an affirmative defense in any action pursuant
38 to this section.
39 5. Nothing in this section shall be construed to pr ohibit the hiring, or impose any
40 penalties for the hiring, of any individual whose federal service was as a member of the
41 Armed For ces of the United States.
1.481 . 1. As used in sections 1.451 to 1.484, the term "law-abiding citizen"
2 means:
3 (1) For the right to keep and bear arms, a person who is not otherwise pr ecluded
4 under state law fr om possessing a fir earm and shall not be construed to include anyone
5 who is not legally present in the United States or the state of Missouri; and
6 (2) For the right to be secure in one's persons and effects against unr easonable
7 sear ches and seizures , a person who is entitled to pr otection under Amendment IV of the
8 Constitution of the United States in the context in which the term is used.
9 2. As used in sections 1.451 to 1.484, "material aid and support" shall include
10 voluntarily giving or allowing others to make use of lodging; communications
11 equipment or services, including social media accounts; facilities; weapons;
1 2 personnel; transportation; clothing; or other physical assets. Material aid and
13 support shall not include giving or allowing the use of medicine or other materials
14 necessary to tr eat physical injuries, nor shall the term include any assistance pr ovided to
15 help persons escape a serious, pr esent risk of life-thr eatening injury .
16 3. It shall not be consider ed a violation of sections 1.451 to 1.484 to prov ide
17 material aid to federal officials who are in pursuit of a suspect when ther e is a
18 demonstrable criminal nexus with another state or country and such suspect is either
19 not a citizen of this state or is not pr esent in this state.
20 4. It shall not be consider ed a violation of sections 1.451 to 1.484 to prov ide
21 material aid to federal pr osecution for:
22 (1) Felony crimes against a person when such prosecution includes weapons
23 violations substantially similar to those found in chapter 570 or 571 so long as such
24 weapons violations are mer ely ancillary to such pr osecution; or
25 (2) Class A or class B felony violations substantially similar to those found in
26 chapter 579 when such prosecution includes weapons violations substantially similar to
27 those found in chapter 570 or 571 so long as such weapons violations ar e mer ely
28 ancillary to such pr osecution.
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29 5. The pro visions of sections 1.451 to 1.484 shall be applicable to offenses
30 occurring on or after August 28, 2026.
1.484 . If any pro vision of sections 1.41 1 to 1.484 or the application ther eof to any
2 person or cir cumstance is held invalid, such determination shall not affect the pr ovisions
3 or applications of sections 1.41 1 to 1.484 that may be given effect without the invalid
4 pr ovision or application, and the pr ovisions of sections 1.41 1 to 1.484 are severable.
[ 1.410 . 1. Sections 1.410 to 1.485 shall be known and may be cited as
2 the "Second Amendment Preservation Act".
3 2. The general assembly finds and declares that:
4 (1) The general assembly of the state of Missouri is firmly resolved to
5 support and defend the Constitution of the United States against every
6 aggression, whether foreign or domestic, and is duty-bound to oppose every
7 infraction of those principles that constitute the basis of the union of the states
8 because only a faithful observance of those principles can secure the union's
9 existence and the public happiness;
10 (2) Acting through the Constitution of the United States, the people of
11 the several states created the federal government to be their agent in the
12 exercise of a few defined powers, while reserving for the state governments
13 the power to legislate on matters concerning the lives, liberties, and properties
14 of citizens in the ordinary course of af fairs;
15 (3) The limitation of the federal government's power is af firmed under
16 Amendment X of the Constitution of the United States, which defines the total
17 scope of federal powers as being those that have been delegated by the people
18 of the several states to the federal government and all powers not delegated to
19 the federal government in the Constitution of the United States are reserved to
20 the states respectively or the people themselves;
21 (4) If the federal government assumes powers that the people did not
22 grant it in the Constitution of the United States, its acts are unauthoritative,
23 void, and of no force;
24 (5) The several states of the United States respect the proper role of the
25 federal government but reject the proposition that such respect requires
26 unlimited submission. If the federal government, created by a compact among
27 the states, were the exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers granted
28 to it by the states through the Constitution of the United States, the federal
29 government's discretion, and not the Constitution of the United States, would
30 necessarily become the measure of those powers. T o the contrary , as in all
31 other cases of compacts among powers having no common judge, each party
32 has an equal right to judge for itself as to whether infractions of the compact
33 have occurred, as well as to determine the mode and measure of redress.
34 Although the several states have granted supremacy to laws and treaties made
35 under the powers granted in the Constitution of the United States, such
36 supremacy does not extend to various federal statutes, executive orders,
37 administrative orders, court orders, rules, regulations, or other actions that
38 collect data or restrict or prohibit the manufacture, ownership, or use of
39 firearms, firearm accessories, or ammunition exclusively within the borders of
40 Missouri; such statutes, executive orders, administrative orders, court orders,
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41 rules, regulations, and other actions exceed the powers granted to the federal
42 government except to the extent they are necessary and proper for governing
43 and regulating the United States Armed Forces or for org anizing, arming, and
44 disciplining militia forces actively employed in the service of the United States
45 Armed Forces;
46 (6) The people of the several states have given Congress the power "to
47 regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states", but
48 "regulating commerce" does not include the power to limit citizens' right to
49 keep and bear arms in defense of their families, neighbors, persons, or property
50 nor to dictate what sorts of arms and accessories law-abiding Missourians may
51 buy , sell, exchange, or otherwise possess within the borders of this state;
52 (7) The people of the several states have also granted Congress the
53 powers "to lay and collect taxes, duties, imports, and excises, to pay the debts,
54 and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States"
55 and "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into
56 execution the powers vested by the Constitution of the United States in the
57 government of the United States, or in any department or of fice thereof".
58 These constitutional provisions merely identify the means by which the federal
59 government may execute its limited powers and shall not be construed to grant
60 unlimited power because to do so would be to destroy the carefully
61 constructed equilibrium between the federal and state governments.
6 2 Consequently , the general assembly rejects any claim that the taxing and
63 spending powers of Congress may be used to diminish in any way the right of
64 the people to keep and bear arms;
65 (8) The general assembly finds that the federal excise tax rate on arms
66 and ammunition in ef fect prior to January 1, 2021, which funds programs
67 under the W ildlife Restoration Act, does not have a chilling effect on the
68 purchase or ownership of such arms and ammunition;
69 (9) The people of Missouri have vested the general assembly with the
70 authority to regulate the manufacture, possession, exchange, and use of
71 firearms within the borders of this state, subject only to the limits imposed by
72 Amendment II of the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of
73 Missouri; and
74 (10) The general assembly of the state of Missouri strongly promotes
75 responsible gun ownership, including parental supervision of minors in the
76 proper use, storage, and ownership of all firearms; the prompt reporting of
77 stolen firearms; and the proper enforcement of all state gun laws. The general
78 assembly of the state of Missouri hereby condemns any unlawful transfer of
79 firearms and the use of any firearm in any criminal or unlawful activity . ]
[ 1.420 . The following federal acts, laws, executive orders,
2 administrative orders, rules, and regulations shall be considered
3 infringements on the people's right to keep and bear arms, as guaranteed by
4 Amendment II of the Constitution of the United States and Article I, Section
5 23 of the Constitution of Missouri, within the borders of this state including,
6 but not limited to:
7 (1) Any tax, levy , fee, or stamp imposed on firearms, firearm
8 accessories, or ammunition not common to all other goods and services and
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9 that might reasonably be expected to create a chilling ef fect on the purchase or
10 ownership of those items by law-abiding citizens;
11 (2) Any registration or tracking of firearms, firearm accessories, or
12 ammunition;
13 (3) Any registration or tracking of the ownership of firearms, firearm
14 accessories, or ammunition;
15 (4) Any act forbidding the possession, ownership, use, or transfer of a
16 firearm, firearm accessory , or ammunition by law-abiding citizens; and
17 (5) Any act ordering the confiscation of firearms, firearm accessories,
18 or ammunition from law-abiding citizens. ]
[ 1.430 . All federal acts, laws, executive orders, administrative orders,
2 rules, and regulations, regardless of whether they were enacted before or after
3 the provisions of sections 1.410 to 1.485, that infringe on the people's right to
4 keep and bear arms as guaranteed by the Second Amendment to the
5 Constitution of the United States and Article I, Section 23 of the Constitution
6 of Missouri shall be invalid to this state, shall not be recognized by this state,
7 shall be specifically rejected by this state, and shall not be enforced by this
8 state. ]
[ 1.440 . It shall be the duty of the courts and law enforcement agencies
2 of this state to protect the rights of law-abiding citizens to keep and bear arms
3 within the borders of this state and to protect these rights from the
4 infringements defined under section 1.420. ]
[ 1.450 . No entity or person, including any public of ficer or employee
2 of this state or any political subdivision of this state, shall have the authority to
3 enforce or attempt to enforce any federal acts, laws, executive orders,
4 administrative orders, rules, regulations, statutes, or ordinances infringing on
5 the right to keep and bear arms as described under section 1.420. Nothing in
6 sections 1.410 to 1.480 shall be construed to prohibit Missouri of ficials from
7 accepting aid from federal of ficials in an effor t to enforce Missouri laws. ]
[ 1.460 . 1. Any political subdivision or law enforcement agency that
2 employs a law enforcement of ficer who acts knowingly , as defined under
3 section 562.016, to violate the provisions of section 1.450 or otherwise
4 knowingly deprives a citizen of Missouri of the rights or privileges ensured by
5 Amendment II of the Constitution of the United States or Article I, Section 23
6 of the Constitution of Missouri while acting under the color of any state or
7 federal law shall be liable to the injured party in an action at law , suit in equity ,
8 or other proper proceeding for redress, and subject to a civil penalty of fifty
9 thousand dollars per occurrence. Any person injured under this section shall
10 have standing to pursue an action for injunctive relief in the circuit court of the
11 county in which the action allegedly occurred or in the circuit court of Cole
12 County with respect to the actions of such individual. The court shall hold a
13 hearing on the motion for temporary restraining order and preliminary
14 injunction within thirty days of service of the petition.
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15 2. In such actions, the court may award the prevailing party , other than
16 the state of Missouri or any political subdivision of the state, reasonable
17 attorney's fees and costs.
18 3. Sovereign immunity shall not be an af firmative defense in any
19 action pursuant to this section. ]
[ 1.470 . 1. Any political subdivision or law enforcement agency that
2 knowingly employs an individual acting or who previously acted as an of ficial,
3 agent, employee, or deputy of the government of the United States, or
4 otherwise acted under the color of federal law within the borders of this state,
5 who has knowingly , as defined under section 562.016, after the adoption of
6 this section:
7 (1) Enforced or attempted to enforce any of the infringements
8 identified in section 1.420; or
9 (2) Given material aid and support to the ef forts of another who
10 enforces or attempts to enforce any of the infringements identified in section
11 1.420;
12
13 shall be subject to a civil penalty of fifty thousand dollars per employee hired
14 by the political subdivision or law enforcement agency . Any person residing
15 in a jurisdiction who believes that an individual has taken action that would
16 violate the provisions of this section shall have standing to pursue an action.
17 2. Any person residing or conducting business in a jurisdiction who
18 believes that an individual has taken action that would violate the provisions of
19 this section shall have standing to pursue an action for injunctive relief in the
20 circuit court of the county in which the action allegedly occurred or in the
21 circuit court of Cole County with respect to the actions of such individual.
22 The court shall hold a hearing on the motion for a temporary restraining order
23 and preliminary injunction within thirty days of service of the petition.
24 3. In such actions, the court may award the prevailing party , other than
25 the state of Missouri or any political subdivision of the state, reasonable
26 attorney's fees and costs.
27 4. Sovereign immunity shall not be an af firmative defense in any
28 action pursuant to this section. ]
[ 1.480 . 1. For sections 1.410 to 1.485, the term "law-abiding citizen"
2 shall mean a person who is not otherwise precluded under state law from
3 possessing a firearm and shall not be construed to include anyone who is not
4 legally present in the United States or the state of Missouri.
5 2. For the purposes of sections 1.410 to 1.480, "material aid and
6 support" shall include voluntarily giving or allowing others to make use of
7 lodging; communications equipment or services, including social media
8 accounts; facilities; weapons; personnel; transportation; clothing; or other
9 physical assets. Material aid and support shall not include giving or allowing
10 the use of medicine or other materials necessary to treat physical injuries, nor
11 shall the term include any assistance provided to help persons escape a serious,
12 present risk of life-threatening injury .
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13 3. It shall not be considered a violation of sections 1.410 to 1.480 to
14 provide material aid to federal of ficials who are in pursuit of a suspect when
15 there is a demonstrable criminal nexus with another state or country and such
16 suspect is either not a citizen of this state or is not present in this state.
17 4. It shall not be considered a violation of sections 1.410 to 1.480 to
18 provide material aid to federal prosecution for:
19 (1) Felony crimes against a person when such prosecution includes
20 weapons violations substantially similar to those found in chapter 570 or 571
21 so long as such weapons violations are merely ancillary to such prosecution; or
22 (2) Class A or class B felony violations substantially similar to those
23 found in chapter 579 when such prosecution includes weapons violations
24 substantially similar to those found in chapter 570 or 571 so long as such
25 weapons violations are merely ancillary to such prosecution.
26 5. The provisions of sections 1.410 to 1.485 shall be applicable to
27 of fenses occurring on or after August 28, 2021. ]
[ 1.485 . If any provision of sections 1.410 to 1.485 or the application
2 thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, such determination shall
3 not affect the provisions or applications of sections 1.410 to 1.485 that may be
4 given effect without the invalid provision or application, and the provisions of
5 sections 1.410 to 1.485 are severable. ]
✔
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