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HB207 • 2025

Revise candidate filing and write-in candidate laws

Revise candidate filing and write-in candidate laws

Elections
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Jodee Etchart
Last action
2025-05-16
Official status
Chapter Number Assigned
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The bill summary does not provide specific details about how the decreased signature requirement will affect third-party or independent candidates.

Changes to Candidate Filing and Write-In Laws

This law changes when candidates must file for office before primary elections and prohibits unsuccessful primary election candidates from seeking nomination as a write-in candidate in the general election.

What This Bill Does

  • Requires candidates for local and state offices to file their candidacy no sooner than 105 days and no later than 90 days before the primary election.
  • Prohibits unsuccessful primary election candidates from seeking nomination as a write-in candidate in the general election.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Candidates running for local government offices
  • Candidates running for special purpose district offices
  • Election administrators responsible for managing elections

Terms To Know

Write-in candidate
A person who runs for office without being listed on the ballot and whose name must be written in by voters.
Primary election
An initial election where party members choose their preferred candidates to run in the general election.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The effective date of this law is not specified.
  • It does not provide details on how the decreased signature percentage for third-party or independent candidates will be implemented.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

COMMITTEE

Plain English: Amendment 1 changes the deadlines for filing as a write-in candidate and restricts unsuccessful primary candidates from seeking nomination by write-in vote at the general election.

  • Changes the deadline for filing a declaration of intent to be a write-in candidate to 90 days before the date of the election, up from 65 days.
  • Prohibits an unsuccessful candidate in a primary election from seeking nomination by write-in vote or petition at the general election.
  • The amendment text is truncated and does not provide full context for all sections mentioned, which limits a complete explanation of its impacts.
COMMITTEE

Plain English: Amendment 2 changes the deadlines for filing as a write-in candidate and restricts unsuccessful primary candidates from seeking nomination through write-in votes in subsequent elections.

  • Changes the deadline for declaring intent to be a write-in candidate from 65 days before an election to 90 days before the election.
  • Prohibits unsuccessful primary election candidates from seeking nomination by write-in vote or petition at the general election.
  • The amendment text is truncated and does not provide a complete overview of all changes, which may limit understanding of other potential impacts.
COMMITTEE

Plain English: Amendment 3 changes the deadline for write-in candidates to declare their intent and restricts unsuccessful primary candidates from seeking nomination through write-in votes in subsequent elections.

  • Changes the declaration of intent filing deadline for write-in candidates from 65 days before an election to 90 days before the election.
  • Prohibits unsuccessful primary election candidates from seeking nomination by write-in vote or petition at the general election.
  • The amendment text is truncated and does not provide full context, so some details may be incomplete.

Bill History

  1. 2025-05-16 HOUSE

    Chapter Number Assigned

  2. 2025-05-12 HOUSE

    (H) Signed by Governor

  3. 2025-05-05 HOUSE

    (H) Transmitted to Governor

  4. 2025-05-02 SENATE

    (S) Signed by President

  5. 2025-05-01 HOUSE

    (H) Signed by Speaker

  6. 2025-04-24 HOUSE

    (H) Returned from Enrolling

  7. 2025-04-18 HOUSE

    (H) Sent to Enrolling

  8. 2025-04-17 HOUSE

    (H) Scheduled for 3rd Reading

  9. 2025-04-17 HOUSE

    (H) 3rd Reading Passed as Amended by Senate

  10. 2025-04-16 HOUSE

    (H) Scheduled for 2nd Reading

  11. 2025-04-16 HOUSE

    (H) 2nd Reading Senate Amendments Concurred

  12. 2025-04-11 SENATE

    (S) Scheduled for 3rd Reading

  13. 2025-04-11 SENATE

    (S) 3rd Reading Concurred

  14. 2025-04-11 SENATE

    (S) Returned to House with Amendments

  15. 2025-04-10 SENATE

    (S) Scheduled for 2nd Reading

  16. 2025-04-10 SENATE

    (S) 2nd Reading Concurred

  17. 2025-04-08 SENATE

    (S) Committee Report--Bill Concurred as Amended

  18. 2025-04-07 SENATE

    (S) Committee Executive Action--Bill Concurred as Amended

  19. 2025-03-12 SENATE

    (S) Hearing

  20. 2025-02-17 SENATE

    (S) Referred to Committee

  21. 2025-02-11 SENATE

    (S) First Reading

  22. 2025-02-10 HOUSE

    (H) 3rd Reading Passed

  23. 2025-02-10 HOUSE

    (H) Transmitted to Senate

  24. 2025-02-06 HOUSE

    (H) 2nd Reading Motion to Amend Carried

  25. 2025-02-06 HOUSE

    (H) 2nd Reading Passed as Amended

  26. 2025-02-03 HOUSE

    (H) Committee Report--Bill Passed as Amended

  27. 2025-01-31 HOUSE

    (H) Committee Executive Action--Bill Passed as Amended

  28. 2025-01-15 HOUSE

    (H) Introduced

  29. 2025-01-15 HOUSE

    (H) Referred to Committee

  30. 2025-01-15 HOUSE

    (H) First Reading

  31. 2025-01-15 HOUSE

    (H) Hearing

  32. 2025-01-14 HOUSE

    (LC) Draft Ready for Delivery

  33. 2025-01-14 HOUSE

    (LC) Draft Delivered to Requester

  34. 2025-01-11 HOUSE

    (LC) Draft in Assembly

  35. 2025-01-10 HOUSE

    (LC) Draft in Input/Proofing

  36. 2025-01-10 HOUSE

    (LC) Draft in Final Drafter Review

  37. 2025-01-08 HOUSE

    (LC) Draft in Edit

  38. 2025-01-01 HOUSE

    (LC) Draft in Legal Review

  39. 2024-11-11 HOUSE

    (LC) Drafter Assigned

Official Summary Text

Revise candidate filing and write-in candidate laws

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
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69th Legislature 2025 HB 207
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ENROLLED BILL
AN ACT REVISING CANDIDATE FILING LAWS; REQUIRING CANDIDATES FOR LOCAL AND STATE
OFFICE TO FILE FOR OFFICE PRIOR TO THE PRIMARY ELECTION; PROHIBITING UNSUCCESSFUL
PRIMARY CANDIDATES FROM SEEKING NOMINATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTION; INCREASING
DECREASING THE SIGNATURE PERCENTAGE REQUIRED FOR A THIRD-PARTY OR INDEPENDENT
CANDIDATE PETITION; AMENDING SECTIONS 13-1-403, 13-1-502, 13-10-201, 13-10-211, 13-10-501, 13-
10-502, AND 13-10-503, MCA; AND PROVIDING AN IMMEDIATE EFFECTIVE DATE.”
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MONTANA:
Section 1. Section 13-1-403, MCA, is amended to read:
"13-1-403. Election deadlines for candidate filing, write-in candidacy, and withdrawal -- election
cancellation -- election by acclamation. (1) Consistent with the candidate filing deadline in 13-10-201(7) for
primary elections and except as provided in subsection (2) for a write-in candidate, the candidate filing deadline
for election to a local government office is no sooner than 145 105 days and no later than 85 90 days before the
election.
(2) (a) A declaration of intent to be a write-in candidate must be filed with the election administrator
by 5 p.m. on the 65th 90th day before the date of the election.
(b) An unsuccessful candidate for office at a primary election may not seek nomination by write-in
vote or petition for the same office at the general election.
(3) Consistent with the withdrawal deadline in 13-10-325 for primary elections, a candidate may
not withdraw after the candidate filing deadline provided in subsection (1).
(4) Except as provided in subsection (5)(b) and unless otherwise specifically provided by law, if the
number of candidates filing for election is equal to or less than the number of positions to be filled, the election
administrator shall notify the governing body of the local government in writing that the election is not necessary
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and the governing body may by resolution cancel the election.
(5) (a) If an election has been canceled and there is only one candidate for a position, the
governing body of the local government shall declare the candidate elected to the position by acclamation.
(b) If an election has been canceled and there are no regular or declared write-in candidates for a
position, the governing body of the local government shall fill the position by appointment. The term of an
appointed member must be the same as if the member were elected."
Section 2. Section 13-1-502, MCA, is amended to read:
"13-1-502. Deadlines for candidate filing, write-in candidacy, and withdrawal -- election
cancellation -- election by acclamation. (1) Consistent with the candidate filing deadline in 13-10-201(7) for
primary elections and except as provided in subsection (3) for a write-in candidate, the candidate filing deadline
for election to a special purpose district office is no sooner than 145 105 days and no later than 85 90 days
before the election.
(2) Consistent with the withdrawal deadline in 13-10-325 for primary elections, a candidate may
not withdraw after the candidate filing deadline provided in subsection (1).
(3) (a) A declaration of intent to be a write-in candidate must be filed with the election administrator
by 5 p.m. on the 65th 90th day before the date of the election.
(b) An unsuccessful candidate for office at a primary election may not seek nomination by write-in
vote or petition for the same office at the general election.
(4) (a) Except as provided in subsection (4)(b), if by the write-in candidate deadline in subsection
(3) the number of candidates is equal to or less than the number of positions to be filled at the election, the
election administrator shall cancel the election and, pursuant to 13-1-304, immediately notify the governing
body of the local government in writing of the cancellation. However, the governing body of the local
government may by resolution require that the election be held.
(b) For an election of conservation district supervisors held in conjunction with a federal primary or
federal general election, if by the candidate filing deadline under subsection (1) the number of candidates is
equal to or less than the number of positions to be filled at the election, the election administrator shall cancel
the election and immediately notify the governing body of the conservation district in writing of the cancellation.
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However, the governing body of the conservation district may, by no later than 10 days after the candidate filing
deadline, pass a resolution to require that the election be held.
(5) (a) If an election has been canceled and there is only one candidate for a position, the
governing body of the local government or, if appropriate, of the conservation district shall declare the
candidate elected to the position by acclamation.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by law:
(i) if an election has been canceled and there are no regular or declared write-in candidates for a
position, the governing body of the local government or, if appropriate, of the conservation district shall fill the
position by appointment;
(ii) an appointed member shall serve the same term as if the member were elected."
Section 3. Section 13-10-201, MCA, is amended to read:
"13-10-201. Declaration for nomination -- term limitations. (1) Each candidate in the primary
election, except nonpartisan candidates filing under the provisions of Title 13, chapter 14, shall file a declaration
for nomination with the secretary of state or election administrator. Except for a candidate under 13-38-201(4)
or a candidate covered under 7-1-205, a candidate may not file for more than one public office. Each candidate
for governor shall file a joint declaration for nomination with a candidate for lieutenant governor.
(2) A declaration for nomination must be filed in the office of:
(a) the secretary of state for placement of a name on the ballot for the presidential preference
primary, a congressional office, a state or district office to be voted for in more than one county, a member of
the legislature, or a judge of the district court; or
(b) the election administrator for a county, municipal, precinct, or district office (other than a
member of the legislature or a judge of the district court) to be voted for in only one county.
(3) Each candidate shall sign the declaration and send with it the required filing fee or, in the case
of an indigent candidate, send with it the documents required by 13-10-203. Unless filed electronically with the
secretary of state, the declaration for nomination must be acknowledged by an officer empowered to
acknowledge signatures or by the officer of the office at which the filing is made.
(4) The declaration for nomination must include an oath of the candidate that includes wording
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substantially as follows: "I hereby affirm that I possess, or will possess within constitutional and statutory
deadlines, the qualifications prescribed by the Montana constitution and the laws of the United States and the
state of Montana." The candidate affirmation included in this oath is presumed to be valid unless proven
otherwise in a court of law.
(5) The declaration, when filed, is conclusive evidence that the elector is a candidate for
nomination by the elector's party. For a partisan election, an elector may not file a declaration for more than one
party's nomination.
(6) (a) The declaration for nomination must be in the form and contain the information prescribed
by the secretary of state.
(b) A person seeking nomination to the legislature shall provide the secretary of state with a street
address, legal description, or road designation to indicate the person's place of residence. If a candidate for the
legislature changes residence, the candidate shall, within 15 days after the change, notify the secretary of state
on a form prescribed by the secretary of state.
(c) The secretary of state and election administrator shall furnish declaration for nomination forms
to individuals requesting them.
(7) Except as provided in 13-10-211, a candidate's declaration for nomination must be filed no
sooner than 145 105 days before the election in which the office first appears on the ballot and no later than 5
p.m., 85 90 days before the date of the primary election.
(8) A properly completed and signed declaration for nomination form may be sent by facsimile
transmission, electronically mailed, delivered in person, or mailed to the election administrator or to the
secretary of state.
(9) For the purposes of implementing Article IV, section 8, of the Montana constitution, the
secretary of state shall apply the following conditions:
(a) A term of office for an official serving in the office or a candidate seeking the office is
considered to begin on January 1 of the term for which the official is elected or for which the candidate seeks
election and to end on December 31 of the term for which the official is elected or for which the candidate seeks
election.
(b) A year is considered to start on January 1 and to end on the following December 31.
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(c) "Current term", as used in Article IV, section 8, of the Montana constitution, has the meaning
provided in 2-16-214."
Section 4. Section 13-10-211, MCA, is amended to read:
"13-10-211. Declaration of intent for write-in candidates. (1) A Except as provided in 13-1-
403(2)(b), 13-1-502(3)(b), and subsection (2) of this section, a person seeking to become a write-in candidate
for an office in any election shall file a declaration of intent. Except for a candidate under 13-38-201(4) or a
candidate covered under 7-1-205, a candidate may not file for more than one public office. The declaration of
intent must be filed with the secretary of state or election administrator, depending on where a declaration of
nomination for the desired office is required to be filed under 13-10-201, or with the school district clerk for a
school district office. When a county election administrator is conducting the election for a school district, the
school district clerk or school district office that receives the declaration of intent shall notify the county election
administrator of the filing. Except as provided in 13-1-403, 13-1-503, 20-3-305(3)(b), and subsection (2) (3) of
this section, the declaration must be filed no later than 5 p.m. on the 10th 90th day before the earliest date
established under 13-13-205 on which a ballot must be available election and must contain:
(a) the candidate's name, including:
(i) the candidate's first and last names;
(ii) the candidate's initials, if any, used instead of a first name, or first and middle name, and the
candidate's last name;
(iii) the candidate's nickname, if any, used instead of a first name, and the candidate's last name;
and
(iv) a derivative or diminutive name, if any, used instead of a first name, and the candidate's last
name;
(b) the candidate's mailing address;
(c) a statement declaring the candidate's intention to be a write-in candidate;
(d) the title of the office sought;
(e) the date of the election;
(f) the date of the declaration; and
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(g) the candidate's signature.
(2) An unsuccessful candidate for office at a primary election may not seek nomination by write-in
vote or petition for the same office at the general election.
(2)(3) A declaration of intent may be filed after the deadline provided for in subsection (1) but no later
than 5 p.m. on the day before the election if, after the deadline prescribed in subsection (1), a candidate for the
office that the write-in candidate is seeking dies or is charged with a felony offense and if the election has not
been canceled as provided by law.
(3)(4) The secretary of state shall notify each election administrator of the names of write-in
candidates who have filed a declaration of intent with the secretary of state. Each election administrator shall
notify the election judges in the county or district of the names of write-in candidates who have filed a
declaration of intent.
(4)(5) A properly completed and signed declaration of intent may be provided to the election
administrator or secretary of state:
(a) by facsimile transmission;
(b) in person;
(c) by mail; or
(d) by electronic mail.
(5)(6) A declaration is not valid until the filing fee required pursuant to 13-10-202 is received by the
secretary of state or the election administrator.
(6)(7) A write-in candidate who files a declaration of intent for a general election may not file with a
partisan, nonpartisan, or independent designation."
Section 5. Section 13-10-501, MCA, is amended to read:
"13-10-501. Petition for nomination by independent candidates or political parties not eligible
to participate in primary election. (1) Except as provided in 13-10-504, nominations for public office by an
independent candidate or a political party that does not meet the requirements of 13-10-601 may be made by
filing a declaration of intent and paying the filing fee in accordance with 13-10-201 and by circulating a petition
for nomination.
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(2) The petition must contain the same information and the oath of the candidate required for a
declaration for nomination.
(3) If a petition is filed by a political party, it must contain the party name and, in five words or less,
the principle that the body represents.
(4) The form of the petition must be prescribed by the secretary of state, and the secretary of state
shall furnish sample copies to the election administrators and on request to any individual.
(5) Each sheet of a petition must contain signatures of electors residing in only one county.
(6) An unsuccessful candidate for office at a primary election may not seek nomination by write-in
vote or petition for the same office at the general election."
Section 6. Section 13-10-502, MCA, is amended to read:
"13-10-502. Signature requirements for petition. (1) The petition for nomination must be signed by
active electors as defined in 13-1-101 residing within the state and district or political subdivision in which the
officer or officers are to be elected. Each signature line must contain spaces for the signature, post-office
address, and printed last name of the signer.
(2) (a) The For statewide and federal offices, the number of signatures must be 5% 4% or more of
the total vote cast for the successful candidate for the same office at the last general election.
(b) For legislative districts and other races not included in subsection (2)(a), the number of
signatures must be 4% or more of the total vote cast for the successful candidate for the same office at the last
general election.
(3) If the office sought is a new office or the boundaries of the district or political subdivision in
which the election is to be held have changed since the last election for the office, the officer with whom
nominations for the office sought are filed shall determine the number of signatures required for a petition of
nomination for that office. The number of signatures may not be less than is required in subsection (2)."
Section 7. Section 13-10-503, MCA, is amended to read:
"13-10-503. Filing deadlines. (1) (a) A petition for nomination, and the affidavits of circulation
required by 13-27-302, and the required filing fee must be filed with the same officer with whom other
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nominations for the office sought are filed. Petitions must be submitted, at least 1 week before the deadline for
filing, to the election administrator in the county where the signer resides for verification and certification by the
procedures provided in 13-27-303 through 13-27-306.
(b) If sufficient signatures are verified and certified pursuant to 13-10-502, the county election
administrator shall file the petition for nomination with the same officer with whom other nominations for the
office sought are filed.
(c) If the petition for nomination is not certified, the county election administrator shall refund the
filing fee paid in accordance with 13-10-201.
(2) Except as provided in 13-10-504, each petition for nomination and the required filing fee must
be filed before the scheduled primary election or the filing deadline for the special or general election if a
primary election is not scheduled."
Section 8. Effective date. [This act] is effective on passage and approval.
- END -
I hereby certify that the within bill,
HB 207, originated in the House.
___________________________________________
Chief Clerk of the House
___________________________________________
Speaker of the House
Signed this _______________________________day
of____________________________________, 2025.
___________________________________________
President of the Senate
Signed this _______________________________day
of____________________________________, 2025.
HOUSE BILL NO. 207
INTRODUCED BY J. ETCHART, V. RICCI, L. SCHUBERT, M. VINTON, S. KELLY, S. KLAKKEN, E. ALBUS,
K. LOVE, G. OVERSTREET, T. SHARP, L. BENNETT, C. SCHOMER, C. COCHRAN, E. TILLEMAN, D.
ZOLNIKOV, J. FULLER, C. HINKLE, G. HUNTER, L. JONES, R. MARSHALL, N. NICOL, A. REGIER, C.
SPRUNGER, S. VINTON, S. FITZPATRICK, C. GLIMM, B. LER, K. WALSH, G. OBLANDER, K. ZOLNIKOV, L.
DEMING, F. NAVE, B. USHER, L. BREWSTER, N. DURAM, T. FALK, G. HERTZ, G. KMETZ, D. LENZ, F.
MANDEVILLE, T. MCGILLVRAY, B. MERCER, B. MITCHELL, M. NOLAND, G. PARRY, K. SEEKINS-CROWE,
J. TREBAS, Z. WIRTH, S. MANESS, B. BEARD, S. ESSMANN, J. HINKLE, B. PHALEN
AN ACT REVISING CANDIDATE FILING LAWS; REQUIRING CANDIDATES FOR LOCAL AND STATE OFFICE
TO FILE FOR OFFICE PRIOR TO THE PRIMARY ELECTION; PROHIBITING UNSUCCESSFUL PRIMARY
CANDIDATES FROM SEEKING NOMINATION IN THE GENERAL ELECTION; DECREASING THE
SIGNATURE PERCENTAGE REQUIRED FOR A THIRD-PARTY OR INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE PETITION;
AMENDING SECTIONS 13-1-403, 13-1-502, 13-10-201, 13-10-211, 13-10-501, 13-10-502, AND 13-10-503,
MCA; AND PROVIDING AN IMMEDIATE EFFECTIVE DATE.