Authorizes the installation and use of an automated traffic enforcement system under certain circumstances. (BDR 43-422)

S.B. 415

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SENATE BILL NO. 415–COMMITTEE ON
GROWTH AND INFRASTRUCTURE

(ON BEHALF OF THE JOINT INTERIM STANDING COMMITTEE
ON GROWTH AND INFRASTRUCTURE)

MARCH 20, 2025
____________

Referred to Committee on Growth and Infrastructure

SUMMARY—Authorizes the installation and use of an automated
traffic enforcement system under certain
circumstances. (BDR 43-422)

FISCAL NOTE: Effect on Local Government: No.
Effect on the State: Yes.

~

EXPLANATION – Matter in bolded italics is new; matter between brackets [omitted material] is material to be omitted.

AN ACT relating to public safety; authorizing the installation and
use of an automated traffic enforcement system by a
governmental entit y under certain circumstances; setting
forth the requirements for the installation and use of an
automated traffic enforcement system; establishing
provisions governing the issuance of a civil infraction
citation based on evidence detected by an automated
traffic enforcement system; requiring the Department of
Transportation to adopt certain regulations; requiring the
Advisory Committee on Traffic Safety to provide certain
recommendations to the Department; prohibiting an
insurer from increasing rates for m otor vehicle insurance
under certain circumstances; and providing other matters
properly relating thereto.
Legislative Counsel’s Digest:
Existing law prohibits a governmental entity or any agent thereof from using 1
photographic, video or digital equipment to gather evidence in order to issue a 2
traffic citation or civil infraction citation, unless the equipment is: (1) a portable 3
camera or event recording device worn or held by a peace officer; (2) installed 4
within a vehicle or facility of a law enforcement agency; or (3) privately owned by 5
a nongovernmental entity. (NRS 484A.600) Sections 2 and 3 of this bill create an 6
exception to this prohibition, authorizing a governmental entity to allow for the 7

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installation and use of an automated traffic enforcement system to enforce 8
provisions of law governing speeding and obedience to traffic -control devices 9
under certain circumstances. Specifically, section 2 requires the governmental 10
entity to: (1) make certain findings about the location where the automated traffic 11
enforcement system will be installed; (2) provide for or undertake a public 12
information campaign about the automated traffic enforcement system; and (3) 13
comply with certain regulations required to be adopted by the Department of 14
Transportation related to automated traffic enforcement system and warning signs. 15
Section 7 of this bill requires the Advisory Committee on Traffic Safety to provide 16
recommendations to the Department related to these regulations. 17
If a governmental entity authorizes the installati on and use of an automated 18
traffic enforcement system, section 2 requires a peace officer of a law enforcement 19
agency with jurisdiction over the location of the automated traffic enforcement 20
system to review the evidence of a violation detected by an automated traffic 21
enforcement system before a civil infraction citation is issued. Section 2 also 22
establishes requirements for the contents and delivery of the civil infraction citation 23
issued based upon evidence collected by an automated traffic enforcement system. 24
Section 2 creates a rebuttable presumption that the registered owner of a vehicle is 25
the driver of the vehicle at the time of a violation detected by an automated traffic 26
enforcement system and provides a method for rebutting this presumption. 27
Section 2 provides that a violation detected by an automated traffic 28
enforcement system is not a moving traffic viola tion but is punishable by a civil 29
penalty. Additionally, section 2 requires money received from such civil penalties 30
to be used for certain purposes related to defraying the costs of the automated 31
traffic enforcement system. Section 6 of this bill makes a conforming change 32
related to the deposit of money received from such civil penalties. 33
Sections 1, 4 and 5 of this bill make conforming changes to: (1) exclude traffic 34
violations detected by an automated traffic enforcement system from an assessment 35
of demerit points; and (2) provide for the issuance of a civil infraction citation for 36
violations detected by an automated traffic enforcement system. 37
Existing law prohibits an insur er from increasing insurance rates or cancelling 38
or refusing to renew an insurance policy if a juvenile court enters a conviction or 39
finding of certain violations relating to speeding. (NRS 690B.028) Section 8 of this 40
bill additionally prohibits a civil infraction citation issued for a violation detected 41
by an automated traffic enforcement system from being used for such purposes. 42

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEVADA, REPRESENTED IN
SENATE AND ASSEMBLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:

Section 1. NRS 483.473 is hereby amended to read as follows: 1
483.473 1. As used in this section, “traffic violation” means 2
conviction of a moving traffic violation in any municipal court, 3
justice court or district court in this State or a finding by any 4
municipal court or justice court in this State that a person has 5
committed a civil infraction pursuant to NRS 484A.703 to 6
484A.705, inclusive. The term includes a finding by a juvenile court 7
that a child has violated a traffic law or ordinance other than one 8
governing standing or parking. The term does not include [a] : 9
(a) A conviction or a finding by a juvenile court of a violation of 10
the speed limit posted by a public authority under the circumstances 11
described in subsection 1 of NRS 484B.617 [.] ; or 12

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(b) A civil infraction citation issued for a violation detected by 1
an automated traffic enforcement system pursuant to section 2 of 2
this act. 3
2. The Department shall establish a uniform system of demerit 4
points for various traff ic violations occurring within this State 5
affecting the driving privilege of any person who holds a driver’s 6
license issued by the Department and persons deemed to have future 7
driving privileges pursuant to NRS 483.447. The system must be 8
based on the accu mulation of demerits during a period of 12 9
months. 10
3. The system must be uniform in its operation, and the 11
Department shall set up a schedule of demerits for each traffic 12
violation, depending upon the gravity of the violation, on a scale of 13
one demerit p oint for a minor violation of any traffic law to eight 14
demerit points for an extremely serious violation of the law 15
governing traffic violations. If a conviction of two or more traffic 16
violations committed on a single occasion is obtained, points must 17
be assessed for one offense or civil infraction, and if the point values 18
differ, points must be assessed for the offense or civil infraction 19
having the greater point value. Details of the violation must be 20
submitted to the Department by the court where the con viction or 21
finding is obtained. The Department may provide for a graduated 22
system of demerits within each category of violations according to 23
the extent to which the traffic law was violated. 24
Sec. 2. Chapter 484A of NRS is hereby amended by adding 25
thereto a new section to read as follows: 26
1. A governmental entity may authorize the installation and 27
use of an automated traffic enforcement system to enforce the 28
provisions of NRS 484B.300, 484B.307 and 484B.600, and any 29
corresponding traffic regulation, as provided in this section. 30
2. Before a governmental entity may authorize the 31
installation and use of an automated traffic enforcement system, 32
the governmental entity must make a finding that each location 33
selected for the use of the automated traffic enforcement system is 34
a location where: 35
(a) Traditional traffic enforcement methods have failed to 36
deter violations described in subsection 1; 37
(b) There is a high rate of violations described in subsection 1; 38
or 39
(c) There is a high rate of traffic crashes because of violations 40
described in subsection 1. 41
3. An automated traffic enforcement system may not be used 42
to enforce violations described in subsection 1 unless: 43
(a) The governmental entity that authorized the installatio n 44
and use of the automated traffic enforcement system provides for 45

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or undertakes, not less than 30 days before any civil infraction 1
citation is issued for a violation described in subsection 1 which is 2
detected by the automated traffic enforcement system, a public 3
information campaign designed to inform persons of the presence 4
of the automated traffic enforcement system; 5
(b) The automated traffic enforcement system meets the 6
requirements for such a system set forth in regulations adopted by 7
the Department of Transportation; and 8
(c) There are warning signs installed not more than 300 feet 9
from the location of the automated traffic enforcement system. 10
The signs must meet the requirements for such signs set forth in 11
regulations adopted by the Department of Transportation. 12
4. Before a civil infraction citation is issued pursuant to NRS 13
484A.7035 for a violation described in subsection 1 which was 14
detected by an automated traffic enforcement system, the evidence 15
of the violation from the automated traffic enfo rcement system 16
must be reviewed for accuracy by a peace officer of a law 17
enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the location of the 18
automated traffic enforcement system. 19
5. A civil infraction citation issued pursuant to NRS 20
484A.7035 for a violation d escribed in subsection 1 which was 21
detected by an automated traffic enforcement system must be sent 22
by the law enforcement agency described in subsection 4 by first 23
class mail to the address listed with the Department for the 24
registered owner of the vehicl e identified by the automated traffic 25
enforcement system. 26
6. In addition to the information required pursuant to 27
subsection 1 of NRS 484A.7035, a civil infraction citation issued 28
pursuant to NRS 484A.7035 for a violation described in subsection 29
1 which w as detected by an automated traffic enforcement system 30
must include: 31
(a) The date and time of the violation; 32
(b) An image taken by the automated traffic enforcement 33
system showing the vehicle and vehicle license plate involved in 34
the violation or the add ress of the Internet website on which such 35
an image may be viewed; and 36
(c) A statement summarizing the provisions of subsection 7. 37
7. The registered owner of a vehicle is presumed to be the 38
driver of the vehicle at the time of a violation described in 39
subsection 1 which was detected by an automated traffic 40
enforcement system. Such a presumption may be rebutted if the 41
registered owner of the vehicle presents as evidence at a hearing 42
held pursuant to subsection 3 of NRS 484A.704, an affidavit 43
stating: 44

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(a) The name and address of the person having care, custody 1
and control of the vehicle at the time of the violation; or 2
(b) That the ve hicle, at the time of the violation, was stolen. 3
Such an affidavit must be accompanied by evidence that supports 4
the affidavit, including, without limitation, a police report or an 5
insurance report. 6
8. If a civil infraction citation is issued pursuant to NRS 7
484A.7035 for a violation described in subsection 1 which was 8
detected by an automated traffic enforcement system, the 9
violation: 10
(a) Is not a moving traffic violation under NRS 483.473; and 11
(b) Is punishable by a civil penalty of not more than $100. 12
9. Any money collected as a civil penalty pursuant to 13
paragraph (b) of subsection 8 must be accounted for separately in 14
the county or city treasury or State General Fund, as applicable, to 15
the law enforcement agency described in subsection 4 and used t o 16
defray the cost of: 17
(a) Installing and operating an automated traffic enforcement 18
system, including, without limitation, the costs of administering 19
the provisions of this section; and 20
(b) Traffic safety programs, including, without limitation , 21
pedestrian safety programs, traffic enforcement and intersection 22
improvements related to traffic safety. 23
10. The provisions of this section do not prohibit a peace 24
officer from issuing a civil infraction citation for a violation of 25
any law of this State at the place where an automated traffic 26
enforcement system is installed and in use if the peace officer 27
witnesses a violation. A person who is given a civil infraction 28
citation by a peace officer pursuant to this subsection must not be 29
issued a civil infr action citation based on evidence from the 30
automated traffic enforcement system for the same violation for 31
which the peace officer issued the person the civil infraction 32
citation. 33
11. The Department of Transportation shall adopt 34
regulations setting forth requirements for an automated traffic 35
enforcement system. Such regulations must include, without 36
limitation: 37
(a) Standards for any photographic and other equipment used; 38
(b) The minimum yellow light duration required at an 39
intersection where an automate d traffic enforcement system is 40
used to enforce the provisions of NRS 484B.600; and 41
(c) Standards for warning signs required by subsection 3. 42
12. As used in this section: 43
(a) “Automated traffic enforcement system” means a 44
stationary electronic or digit al system which creates a photograph 45

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or other recorded image of a vehicle and a vehicle license plate 1
which is used as evidence of a violation of a traffic law by the 2
driver of the vehicle. Such a photograph or other recorded image 3
must not include any depiction of the driver of the vehicle. 4
(b) “Corresponding traffic regulation” means a traffic 5
regulation enacted by ordinance by the governing body of a city or 6
county pursuant to NRS 484A.400 that prohibits the same conduct 7
prohibited by NRS 484B.300, 484B.307 or 484B.600, respectively. 8
(c) “Governmental entity” means: 9
(1) The governing body of a city or county; or 10
(2) The Department of Public Safety. 11
Sec. 3. NRS 484A.600 is hereby amended to read as follows: 12
484A.600 [A] Except as otherwise provided in section 2 of 13
this act, a governmental entity and any agent thereof shall not use 14
photographic, video or digital equipment for gathering evidence to 15
be used for the issuance of a traffic citation or civil infraction 16
citation pursuant to NRS 484A.7035 for a violation of chapters 17
484A to 484E, inclusive, of NRS unless the equipment is a portable 18
camera or event record ing device worn or held by a peace officer, 19
the equipment is otherwise installed temporarily or permanently 20
within a vehicle or facility of a law enforcement agency or the 21
equipment is privately owned by a nongovernmental entity. 22
Sec. 4. NRS 484A.640 is hereby amended to read as follows: 23
484A.640 1. Except for a citation issued pursuant to NRS 24
484A.700 [,] or section 2 of this act, whenever a police officer 25
makes an arrest or issues a citation to a person for any violation of 26
chapters 484A to 484E, inclusive, of NRS, the police officer shall 27
record the name as given by that person, the number of the person ’s 28
driver’s license and a brief description of the person’s physical 29
appearance. This information must be maintained in a record for 30
offenses kept at the traffic enforcement agency which employs that 31
officer. 32
2. Whenever a police officer stops a driver o f a motor vehicle 33
for any violation of chapters 484A to 484E, inclusive, of NRS and 34
requests information from a traffic enforcement agency concerning 35
that person’s record of prior offenses, the police officer shall 36
compare not only the driver’s name but also the number of his or her 37
driver’s license and physical description with any information 38
obtained from the agency as a result of the request. If the 39
information received from the agency indicates that the driver’s 40
name is on an outstanding warrant for a prior offense, the officer 41
shall not arrest the driver for that prior offense unless the additional 42
information used for comparison also connects the driver with that 43
prior offense. 44

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Sec. 5. NRS 484A.704 is hereby amended to read as follows: 1
484A.704 1. Any person who receives a civil infraction 2
citation pursuant to NRS 484A.7035 or 484A.7049 or section 2 of 3
this act shall respond to the citation as provided in this section not 4
later than 90 calendar days after the date on which the citation is 5
issued. 6
2. If a person receiving a civil infraction citation does not 7
contest the determination that the person has committed the c ivil 8
infraction set forth in the citation, the person must respond to the 9
citation by indicating that the person does not contest the 10
determination and submitting full payment of the monetary penalty, 11
the administrative assessment and any fees to the court specified in 12
the citation, or its traffic violations bureau, in person, by mail or 13
through the Internet or other electronic means. 14
3. If a person receiving a civil infraction citation wishes to 15
contest the determination that the person has committed the civil 16
infraction set forth in the citation, the person must respond by 17
requesting in person, by mail or through the Internet or other 18
electronic means a hearing for that purpose. The court shall notify 19
the person in writing of the time, place and date of the hearing, 20
but the date of the hearing must not be earlier than 9 calendar days 21
after the court provides notice of the hearing. 22
4. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, not less 23
than 30 days before the deadline for a person to respond to a c ivil 24
infraction citation, the court must send to the address or electronic 25
mail address of the person, as indicated on the civil infraction 26
citation issued to the person, a reminder that the person must 27
respond to the civil infraction citation within 90 ca lendar days after 28
the date on which the civil infraction citation is issued. If the person 29
agreed to receive communications relating to the civil infraction by 30
text message, the court may send such a notice to the telephone 31
number of the person as indicate d on the civil infraction citation. If 32
the person does not respond to the civil infraction citation in the 33
manner specified by subsection 2 or 3 within 90 calendar days after 34
the date on which the civil infraction citation is issued, the court 35
must enter a n order pursuant to NRS 484A.7043 finding that the 36
person committed the civil infraction and assessing the monetary 37
penalty and administrative assessments prescribed for the civil 38
infraction. A person who has been issued a civil infraction citation 39
and who fails to respond to the civil infraction citation as required 40
by this section may not appeal an order entered pursuant to this 41
section. 42
5. If any person issued a civil infraction citation fails to appear 43
at a hearing requested pursuant to subsection 3, the court must enter 44
an order pursuant to NRS 484A.7043 finding that the person 45

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committed the civil infraction and assessing the monetary penalty 1
and administrative assessments prescribed for the civil infraction. A 2
person who has been issued a civil infra ction citation and who fails 3
to appear at a hearing requested pursuant to subsection 3 may not 4
appeal an order entered pursuant to this subsection. 5
6. In addition to any other penalty imposed, any person who is 6
found by the court to have committed a civi l infraction pursuant to 7
subsection 5 shall pay the witness fees, per diem allowances, travel 8
expenses and other reimbursement in accordance with NRS 50.225. 9
7. If a court has established a system pursuant to NRS 10
484A.615, any person issued a civil infra ction citation may, if 11
authorized by the court, use the system to perform any applicable 12
actions pursuant to this section. 13
Sec. 6. NRS 484A.7043 is hereby amended to read as follows: 14
484A.7043 1. Except as otherwise provided in this section [,] 15
and section 2 of this act, a person who is found to have committed a 16
civil infraction shall be punished by a civil penalty of n ot more than 17
$500 per violation unless a greater civil penalty is authorized by 18
specific statute. Except as otherwise provided in NRS 484A.792 [,] 19
and section 2 of this act, any civil penalty collected pursuant to 20
NRS 484A.703 to 484A.705, inclusive, must be paid to: 21
(a) The treasurer of the city in which the civil infraction 22
occurred; or 23
(b) If the civil infraction did not occur in a city, the treasurer of 24
the county in which the civil infraction occurred. 25
2. If a person is found to have committed a civil infraction, in 26
addition to any civil penalty imposed on the person, the court shall 27
order the person to pay the administrative assessments set forth in 28
NRS 176.059, 176.0611, 176.0613 and 176.0623 in the amount that 29
the person would be required to pay if the civil penalty were a fine 30
imposed on a defendant who pleads guilty or guilty but mentally ill 31
or is found guilty or guilty but mentally ill of a misd emeanor. If, in 32
lieu of a civil penalty, the court authorizes a person to successfully 33
complete a course of traffic safety approved by the Department of 34
Motor Vehicles, the court must order the person to pay the amount 35
of the administrative assessment that corresponds to the civil penalty 36
for which the defendant would have otherwise been responsible. 37
The administrative assessments imposed pursuant to this subsection 38
must be collected and distributed in the same manner as the 39
administrative assessments imposed and collected pursuant to NRS 40
176.059, 176.0611, 176.0613 and 176.0623. 41
3. If the court determines that a civil penalty or administrative 42
assessment imposed pursuant to this section is: 43

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(a) Excessive in relation to the financial resources of the 1
defendant, the court may waive or reduce the monetary penalty 2
accordingly. 3
(b) Not within the defendant’s present financial ability to pay, 4
the court may enter into a payment plan with the person. 5
4. A court having jurisdiction over a civil infraction pursuant to 6
NRS 484A.703 to 484A.705, inclusive, may: 7
(a) In addition to ordering a person who is found to have 8
committed a civil infraction to pay a civil penalty and administrative 9
assessments pursuant to this section, order the person to successfully 10
complete a course of traffic safety approved by the Department of 11
Motor Vehicles. 12
(b) Waive or reduce the civil penalty that a person who is found 13
to have committed a civil infraction would otherwise be required to 14
pay if the court determines that any circumsta nces warrant such a 15
waiver or reduction. 16
(c) Reduce any moving violation for which a person was issued 17
a civil infraction citation to a nonmoving violation if the court 18
determines that any circumstances warrant such a reduction. 19
Sec. 7. NRS 408.581 is hereby amended to read as follows: 20
408.581 1. The Advisory Committee on Traffic Safety is 21
hereby created in the Department. The Advisory Committee consists 22
of the following voting members: 23
(a) The Director of the Departmen t of Transportation or his or 24
her designee; 25
(b) The Director of the Department of Health and Human 26
Services or his or her designee; 27
(c) The Director of the Department of Motor Vehicles or his or 28
her designee; 29
(d) The Director of the Department of Public Safety or his or her 30
designee; 31
(e) The Superintendent of Public Instruction or his or her 32
designee; 33
(f) One member who is a representative of the Department of 34
Transportation, appointed by the Director of the Department of 35
Transportation; 36
(g) One member who is a representative of the Department of 37
Public Safety, appointed by the Director of the Department of Public 38
Safety; 39
(h) One member appointed by the Speaker of the Assembly who 40
is a member of the Assembly Standing Committee on Growth and 41
Infrastructure during the current or immediately preceding regular 42
session; 43
(i) One member appointed by the Majority Leader of the Senate 44
who is a member of the Senate Standing Committee on Growth and 45

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Infrastructure during the current or immediately preceding regular 1
session; 2
(j) One member who is a representative of the Administrative 3
Office of the Courts, appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme 4
Court of Nevada; 5
(k) One member who represents tribal governments in Nevada, 6
appointed by the Inter -Tribal C ouncil of Nevada, Inc., or its 7
successor organization; 8
(l) Two members who are full - or part-time faculty members in 9
the Nevada System of Higher Education and have expertise in 10
traffic safety or trauma care, appointed by the Director of the 11
Department of Transportation; 12
(m) One member appointed by each metropolitan planning 13
organization to represent the appointing organization; 14
(n) One member appointed by the Nevada Association of 15
Counties; 16
(o) One member appointed by the Nevada League of Cities; and 17
(p) One member who represents local law enforcement agencies, 18
appointed by the Nevada Sheriffs’ and Chiefs’ Association. 19
2. The Director of the Department of Transportation may 20
appoint as nonvoting members of the Advisory Committee such 21
other persons as the Director deems appropriate. 22
3. The term of office of each member appointed to the 23
Advisory Committee is 2 years. Such members may be reappointed 24
for additional terms of 2 years in the same manner as the original 25
appointments. Any vacancy occurring i n the appointed voting 26
membership of the Advisory Committee must be filled in the same 27
manner as the original appointment not later than 30 days after the 28
vacancy occurs. 29
4. The members of the Advisory Committee shall elect from 30
their voting membership a Chair and a Vice Chair. The term of 31
office of the Chair and the Vice Chair is 2 years. If a vacancy occurs 32
in the office of Chair or Vice Chair, the members of the Advisory 33
Committee shall elect a Chair or Vice Chair, as applicable, from 34
among its voting members to serve for the remainder of the 35
unexpired term. 36
5. The Advisory Committee shall meet at least once each 37
calendar quarter and may meet at such further times as deemed 38
necessary by the Chair. 39
6. A majority of the voting members of the Advisory 40
Committee constitutes a quorum for the transaction of business. If a 41
quorum is present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting 42
members of the Advisory Committee present is sufficient for any 43
official action taken by the Advisory Committee. 44

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7. Each member of the Advisory Committee serves without 1
compensation and is not entitled to receive a per diem allowance or 2
travel expenses. 3
8. The Department shall provide administrative support to the 4
Advisory Committee. 5
9. The Advisory Committee shall review, study and make 6
recommendations regarding: 7
(a) Evidence-based best practices for reducing or preventing 8
deaths and injuries related to motor vehicle crashes on roadways in 9
this State; 10
(b) Data on motor vehicle crashes resulting in death or seriou s 11
bodily injury in this State, including, without limitation, factors that 12
cause such crashes and measures known to prevent such crashes; 13
(c) Policies intended to reduce or prevent deaths and injuries 14
related to motor vehicle crashes on roadways in this State; [and] 15
(d) Regulations proposed by the Department pursuant to 16
section 2 of this act; and 17
(e) Any other matter submitted by the Chair. 18
10. The Advisory Committee shall prepare and submit to the 19
Governor and to the Director of the Legislative Counsel Bureau for 20
transmittal to the Legislature an annual report concerning the 21
activities of the Advisory Committee that addresses, without 22
limitation, any issue reviewed or studied and any recommendations 23
made by the Advisory Committee pursuant to subsection 9. 24
11. The Advisory Committee may establish such working 25
groups, task forces and similar entities from within or outside its 26
membership as necessary to address specific issues or otherwise to 27
assist in its work. 28
12. As used in this section, “metropolitan planning 29
organization” means an entity that has been designated as a 30
metropolitan planning organization pursuant to 23 U.S.C. § 134 and 31
49 U.S.C. § 5303. 32
Sec. 8. NRS 690B.028 is hereby amended to read as follows: 33
690B.028 An insurer shall not impose on an insured or group 34
of insured an increase in rates for motor vehicle insurance or cancel 35
or refuse to renew a policy of insurance because of [a] : 36
1. A conviction or a finding by a juvenile court of a violation of 37
the speed limit under the circumstances described in subsection 1 of 38
NRS 484B.617 [, nor shall an insurer cancel or refuse to renew a 39
policy of insurance for that reason.] ; or 40
2. A civil infraction citation received for a violation detected 41
by an automated traffic enforcement system pursuant to section 2 42
of this act. 43
Sec. 9. 1. This section becomes effective upon passage and 44
approval. 45

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2. Sections 1 to 8, inclusive, of this act become effective: 1
(a) Upon passage and approval for the purpose of adopting any 2
regulations and performing any other preparatory administrative 3
tasks that are necessary to carry out the provisions of this act; and 4
(b) On January 1, 2026, for all other purposes. 5

H