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S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K
________________________________________________________________________
93
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
I N A S S E M B L Y
(PREFILED)
January 8, 2025
___________
Introduced by M. of A. DINOWITZ, SEAWRIGHT, WILLIAMS, REYES -- Multi-
Sponsored by -- M. of A. SIMON -- read once and referred to the
Committee on Consumer Affairs and Protection
AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation to prohibited
mandatory arbitration agreements; and to repeal section 399-c of such
law relating to prohibiting mandatory arbitration clauses in certain
consumer contracts
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM-
BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:
1 Section 1. Section 399-c of the general business law is REPEALED and a
2 new section 399-c is added to read as follows:
3 § 399-C. PROHIBITED MANDATORY ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS. 1. DEFINITIONS.
4 (A) THE TERM "CONSUMER DISPUTE" SHALL MEAN A DISPUTE BETWEEN AN INDIVID-
5 UAL WHO SEEKS OR ACQUIRES REAL OR PERSONAL PROPERTY, SERVICES (INCLUDING
6 SERVICES RELATING TO SECURITIES AND OTHER INVESTMENTS), MONEY, OR CREDIT
7 FOR PERSONAL, FAMILY OR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES AND THE SELLER OR PROVIDER OF
8 SUCH PROPERTY, SERVICES, MONEY OR CREDIT.
9 (B) THE TERM "EMPLOYMENT DISPUTE" SHALL MEAN A DISPUTE BETWEEN AN
10 EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE ARISING OUT OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYER AND
11 EMPLOYEE AS DEFINED IN SECTION 3 OF THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938
12 (29 U.S.C. 203).
13 (C) THE TERM "MANDATORY ARBITRATION AGREEMENT" SHALL MEAN ANY AGREE-
14 MENT TO ARBITRATE A DISPUTE THAT HAD NOT YET ARISEN AT THE TIME OF THE
15 MAKING OF THE AGREEMENT.
16 2. PROHIBITED MANDATORY CONSUMER AND EMPLOYMENT ARBITRATION AGREE-
17 MENTS. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS ARTICLE, NO MANDATO-
18 RY ARBITRATION AGREEMENT SHALL BE VALID OR ENFORCEABLE IF IT REQUIRES
19 ARBITRATION OF AN EMPLOYMENT DISPUTE OR CONSUMER DISPUTE.
20 3. PROHIBITION OF EFFECT OF CERTAIN MANDATORY ARBITRATION CLAUSES OR
21 AGREEMENTS. MANDATORY ARBITRATION CLAUSES OR AGREEMENTS COVERING
EXPLANATION--Matter in ITALICS (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD00889-01-5
A. 93 2
1 CONSUMERS AND EMPLOYEE DISPUTES ARE CONTRARY TO THE ESTABLISHED PUBLIC
2 POLICY OF THIS STATE. BECAUSE EMPLOYEES AND CONSUMERS ARE REQUIRED TO
3 ASSENT TO THESE AGREEMENTS AS A CONDITION OF BEING AN EMPLOYEE OR
4 CONSUMER BEFORE ANY DISPUTE HAS ARISEN WITH THE EMPLOYER OR MERCHANT,
5 THESE AGREEMENTS DO NOT OFFER EMPLOYEES AND CONSUMERS A MEANINGFUL
6 CHOICE ABOUT HOW TO RESOLVE THEIR DISPUTES WITH THE EMPLOYER OR
7 MERCHANT. IN ADDITION, MANDATORY ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS PREVENT EMPLOY-
8 EES AND CONSUMERS FROM EFFECTIVELY VINDICATING THEIR RIGHTS UNDER STATE
9 LAW. FOR THESE REASONS, EXCEPT WHEN INCONSISTENT WITH FEDERAL LAW, THE
10 STATE PROHIBITS THE FORMATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF MANDATORY ARBITRATION
11 AGREEMENTS IN EMPLOYMENT AND CONSUMER CONTRACTS.
12 4. PROHIBITION OF MANDATORY ARBITRATION CLAUSES IN INSURANCE AGREE-
13 MENTS. A MANDATORY ARBITRATION AGREEMENT WITHIN OR PART OF ANY WRITTEN
14 CONTRACT FOR INSURANCE WITH A CONSUMER OR OTHER WRITTEN AGREEMENT
15 INVOLVING THE OFFERING OF INSURANCE TO A CONSUMER IS INVALID, UNENFORCE-
16 ABLE AND VOID. ANY SUCH ARBITRATION AGREEMENT SHALL BE CONSIDERED SEVER-
17 ABLE, AND ALL OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT FOR INSURANCE SHALL
18 REMAIN IN EFFECT AND GIVEN FULL FORCE.
19 5. PROHIBITION OF MANDATORY ARBITRATION CLAUSES IN EMPLOYMENT
20 CONTRACTS FOR WORKERS EXEMPTED FROM THE FEDERAL ARBITRATION ACT. (A) A
21 MANDATORY ARBITRATION AGREEMENT WITHIN OR PART OF ANY WRITTEN CONTRACT
22 OF EMPLOYMENT OF MARINERS, RAILROAD EMPLOYEES OR ANY OTHER CLASS OF
23 WORKERS ENGAGED IN FOREIGN OR INTERSTATE COMMERCE IS UNENFORCEABLE AND
24 VOID. ANY SUCH ARBITRATION AGREEMENT SHALL BE CONSIDERED SEVERABLE, AND
25 ALL OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT SHALL REMAIN IN EFFECT
26 AND GIVEN FULL FORCE.
27 (B) THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION SHALL NOT APPLY TO AGREEMENTS NEGO-
28 TIATED WITH ANY LABOR UNION THROUGH COLLECTIVE BARGAINING.
29 6. PROHIBITION OF MANDATORY ARBITRATION CLAUSES THAT ARE NOT GOVERNED
30 BY FEDERAL LAW. ANY MANDATORY ARBITRATION AGREEMENT, OR PORTION THERE-
31 OF, IN AN EMPLOYMENT OR CONSUMER CONTRACT IS INVALID, UNENFORCEABLE AND
32 VOID, WHEN THE ENFORCEABILITY OF SUCH ARBITRATION AGREEMENT, OR THE
33 PORTION AT ISSUE, IS GOVERNED BY STATE LAW. ANY SUCH ARBITRATION AGREE-
34 MENT SHALL BE CONSIDERED SEVERABLE, AND ALL OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE
35 EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT SHALL REMAIN IN EFFECT AND GIVEN FULL FORCE.
36 § 2. This act shall take effect on the one hundred eightieth day after
37 it shall have become a law.