Moratorium on New Coastal Fishing Regulations.

GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA
SESSION 2025
S 1
SENATE BILL 977

Short Title: Moratorium on New Coastal Fishing Regulations. (Public)
Sponsors: Senator Hanig (Primary Sponsor).
Referred to: Rules and Operations of the Senate
May 4, 2026
*S977-v-1*
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED 1
AN ACT TO ESTABLISH A TEMPORARY MORATORIUM ON REGULATORY ACTIONS 2
AFFECTING COMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAL FI SHING PENDING REVIEW 3
AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLABORATORY STUDY 4
OF THE COASTAL AND M ARINE FISHERIES OF T HE STATE AND TO 5
REESTABLISH THE JOIN T LEGISLATIVE COMMIS SION ON SEAFOOD AND 6
AQUACULTURE. 7
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts: 8
9
PART I. MORATORIUM ON NEW COASTAL FISHING REGULATIONS 10
11
LEGISLATIVE FINDINGS AND PURPOSE 12
SECTION 1. Legislative Findings. – The General Assembly finds the following: 13
(1) The seafood industry and recreational fishing sector are essential to the 14
economic stability, food supply, tourism economy, and cultural heritage of the 15
State. 16
(2) In 2021, the General Assembly directed the North Carolina Collaboratory to 17
conduct a study on the overall status of the coastal and marine fisheries 18
regulated by the State (Collaboratory Study). 19
(3) The Collaboratory Study is intended to serve as the primary policy guidance 20
for future coastal and marine fisheries management decisions. 21
(4) Ongoing regulatory changes and instability have created significant economic 22
uncertainty for commercial fishermen, charter operators, recreational anglers, 23
seafood dealers, seafood processors, and related businesses. 24
(5) A temporary suspension of regulatory expansion is necessary to allow for full 25
legislative review and consideration of the Collaboratory Study and its 26
recommendations. 27
SECTION 2. Legislative Purpose. – The purpose of this Part is to establish a 28
comprehensive and enforceable moratorium preventing both direct and indirect regulatory 29
expansion affecting commercial and recreational fishing activity until the Collaboratory Study 30
can be fully evaluated by the General Assembly. 31
32
COMPREHENSIVE MORATORIUM ON EXPANDING COASTAL FISHERIES 33
REGULATION 34
SECTION 3. Definitions. – In addition to the definitions in G.S. 113-128 and 35
G.S. 113-129, the following definitions apply to this Part: 36
General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025
Page 2 Senate Bill 977-First Edition
(1) Collaboratory Study. – The study conducted by the No rth Carolina 1
Collaboratory on the overall status of the State's coastal and marine fisheries, 2
as directed by the North Carolina General Assembly pursuant to Section 8.11 3
of S.L. 2021-180, as amended by Section 2.10 of S.L. 2022-6. 4
(2) Recreational fishing. – Any activity preparatory to, during, or subsequent to 5
the taking of any fish by any means if the purpose of the taking is to obtain 6
fish that are not to be sold. 7
(3) Regulatory action. – Any of the following: 8
a. The adoption or amendment of a rule as provided under Article 2A of 9
Chapter 150B of the General Statutes. 10
b. The adoption or amendment of a fisheries management plan as 11
provided in G.S. 113-182.1. 12
c. The implementation of temporary management measures as 13
authorized by the Secretary of Environment al Quality under 14
G.S. 113-182.1(e1). 15
d. The issuance of a proclamation by the Fisheries Director in accordance 16
with authority delegated by the Marine Fisheries Commission under 17
G.S. 113-221.1. 18
e. The imposition of a condition or limitation in a license aut horizing a 19
person to engage in activities connected with marine and estuarine 20
resources. 21
f. The implementation of any policy, guidance, or interpretive statement 22
that purports to have binding legal effect on members of the public. 23
(4) Seafood industry. – Any of the following: 24
a. Commercial fishing operations, as defined in G.S. 113-168. 25
b. Fish dealers licensed under G.S. 113-169.3. 26
c. For hire vessels, as defined in G.S. 113-174. 27
d. Marine aquaculture, as defined in G.S. 113-215. 28
e. The cultivation of she llfish, as provided under Article 16 of Chapter 29
113 of the General Statutes. 30
f. The operation of an ocean fishing pier licensed under G.S. 113-169.4. 31
g. The handling, processing, packaging, and marketing of fishery or 32
seafood products from coastal fishing waters. 33
(5) State marine fisheries agency. – The following agencies or officers charged 34
with implementing and enforcing the laws related to coastal fishing, coastal 35
fisheries, and marine and estuarine resources: 36
a. The Division of Marine Resources of the D epartment of 37
Environmental Quality. 38
b. The Fisheries Director. 39
c. The Marine Fisheries Commission. 40
d. The Secretary of Environmental Quality. 41
SECTION 4. Comprehensive Moratorium on Regulatory Expansion. – 42
Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in S ubchapter IV of Chapter 113 of the General 43
Statutes or Part 5D of Article 7 of Chapter 143B of the General Statutes, except as otherwise 44
provided in Section 8 of this act, no State marine fisheries agency may establish, implement, or 45
enforce a regulatory action imposing new or expanded restrictions on the seafood industry or on 46
recreational fishing in the coastal fishing waters. For purposes of this section, "a regulatory action 47
imposing new or expanded restrictions on the seafood industry or on recreationa l fishing in the 48
coastal fishing waters" includes the following: 49
(1) Reductions in bag limits, size limits, or trip limits. 50
(2) Shortening or eliminating a season for taking fish. 51
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Senate Bill 977-First Edition Page 3
(3) Closing of coastal fishing waters, whether entirely or only as to the ta king of 1
particular classes of fish or the use of particular equipment. 2
(4) Additional reporting requirements. 3
(5) Additional monitoring or observer requirements. 4
(6) Additional restrictions on fishing methods or gear. 5
SECTION 5. Quota Reallocation Prohibi ted. – Notwithstanding G.S. 113-221.1, 6
G.S. 143B-289.52, and any other provision of law to the contrary, no State marine fisheries 7
agency shall reallocate or modify the harvest quotas allocated to the commercial and recreational 8
fishing sectors, respectively. 9
SECTION 6.(a) Recreational Fishing; 2019 Regulations in Effect. – 10
Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, except as otherwise provided in Section 8 11
of this act, for any person engaged in recreational fishing in the coastal fishing waters , the 12
recreational bag limits, size limits, seasons, and lawful harvest methods that were in effect on 13
January 1, 2019, shall apply. 14
SECTION 6.(b) Fisheries Director; Conforming Proclamations. – No later than 30 15
days after the effective date of this Part, the Fisheries Director shall issue proclamations 16
consistent with subsection (a) of this section to restore recreational bag limits, size limits, 17
seasons, and lawful harvest methods to those that were in effect on January 1, 2019. 18
SECTION 6.(c) Marine Fisheries Commission; Conforming Rules. – The Marine 19
Fisheries Commission shall take all steps necessary to revise its current administrative rules, 20
guidelines, and policies consistent with subsection (a) of this section to restore recreational bag 21
limits, size limits, seasons, and lawful harvest methods to those that were in effect on January 1, 22
2019. 23
SECTION 7. Anti-Circumvention. – No State marine fisheries agency shall take any 24
actions or series of actions to avoid the requirements of this Part or to circumvent its purpose and 25
intent, including through (i) the reinterpretation of existing rules or fisheries management plans 26
or (ii) the implementation and development of adaptive management measures. 27
SECTION 8.(a) Limited Exceptions; Federal Compliance. – A State marine fisheries 28
agency may take regulatory actions that would otherwise be prohibited under this Part if strictly 29
necessary to comply with a condition imposed on the receipt of federal funds, or to implement 30
or comply with federal law, including: 31
(1) The Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act, 16 U.S.C. § 32
5101 et seq. 33
(2) The Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seq. 34
(3) The Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq. 35
(4) The Magnuson -Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, 16 36
U.S.C. § 1801 et seq. 37
(5) The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16 U.S.C. § 1361 et seq. 38
(6) The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, 16 U.S.C. § 703 et seq. 39
SECTION 8.(b) Additional Provisions; Federal Compliance. – Any regulatory 40
action taken by a State marine fisheries agency in accordance with subsection (a) of this section 41
shall be narrowly tailored to the purpose of complying with federal law or conditions imposed 42
on the receipt of federal funds. Any new or expanded restrictions implemented under subsection 43
(a) of this section shall be the minimum necessary to maintain compliance. Whenever a State 44
marine fisheries agency proposes a regulatory action under the federal compliance exception in 45
subsection (a) of this section, the agen cy shall prepare a written statement that identifies the 46
federal law requiring the proposed regulatory action and sets forth the reasons why the proposed 47
regulatory action is required by federal law. 48
SECTION 8.(c) Limited Exception; Emergency Response. – A State marine 49
fisheries agency may take regulatory actions that would otherwise be prohibited under this Part 50
if strictly necessary for any of the following purposes: 51
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(1) To protect against imminent threats to public health and safety. 1
(2) To respond to a declared state of emergency in accordance with Chapter 166A 2
of the General Statutes. 3
(3) To prevent catastrophic loss of marine and estuarine resources. 4
(4) To address fishery collapse as confirmed by peer-reviewed stock assessments. 5
(5) To prevent immine nt loss of access by residents to fisheries under federal 6
management jurisdiction. 7
SECTION 8.(d) Additional Provisions; Emergency Response. – Any regulatory 8
action taken by a State marine fisheries agency in accordance with subsection (c) of this section 9
shall be narrowly tailored to the purpose of addressing the pending emergency situation. Any 10
new or expanded restrictions implemented under subsection (c) of this section shall be the 11
minimum necessary to sufficiently address the emergency. As soon as practicable following the 12
proposal or implementation of a regulatory action under the emergency response exception in 13
subsection (c) of this section, a State marine fisheries agency shall prepare a written statement 14
that identifies the emergency situation requiring the regulatory action and sets forth the reasons 15
why the regulatory action is necessary to address the emergency. 16
SECTION 8.(e) Expiration; Excepted Regulatory Actions. – A regulatory action 17
authorized under this section shall expire no later than 180 days following its effective date. 18
SECTION 9. Judicial Review. – Any person aggrieved by a regulatory action taken 19
by a State marine fisheries agency in violation of this Part may petition for judicial review in the 20
Wake County Superior Court. Article 4 of Chapter 150B of the General Statutes governs judicial 21
review of a regulatory action under this Part. In any action arising under this section, the Court 22
may award costs and reasonable attorneys' fees to the prevailing party. 23
24
DIVISION OF MARINE FISHER IES' PROGRESS REPORT ON IMPLEMENTING 25
RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE COLLABORATORY STUDY 26
SECTION 10.(a) Division of Marine Fisheries; Biannual Report. – Beginning on 27
September 1, 2026, t he Division of Marine Fisheries shall report biannually to the Joint 28
Legislative Oversight Committee on Agriculture and Natural and Economic Resources on its 29
progress related to its review and implementation of the recommendations from the 30
Collaboratory Study. The report shall include (i) a summary of the Division's determinations 31
regarding the recommendations and findings in the Collaboratory Study, (ii) a description of any 32
current or near-term actions to be taken by the Division to implement the recommendations in 33
the Collaboratory Study, and (iii) an assessment of any long-term planning being considered by 34
the Division in response to the recommendations and findings in the Collaboratory Study. 35
SECTION 10.(b) There is appropriated from the General Fund to the Department of 36
Environmental Quality the sum of ten thousand dollars ($ 10,000) in nonrecurring funds for the 37
2026-2027 fiscal year to be used by the Department's Division of Marine Fisheries to produce 38
the reports required by subsection (a) of this section. 39
SECTION 10.(c) This section becomes effective July 1, 2026. 40
41
MORATORIUM EFFECTIVE DATE AND EXPIRATION 42
SECTION 11. Effective Date. – Except as otherwise provided, this Part is effective 43
when it becomes law and expires January 1, 2037. 44
45
PART II. REESTABLISH MENT OF THE JOINT LE GISLATIVE COMMISSION ON 46
SEAFOOD AND AQUACULTURE 47
SECTION 12. Chapter 120 of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new 48
Article to read: 49
"Article 12T. 50
"Joint Legislative Commission on Seafood and Aquaculture. 51
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Senate Bill 977-First Edition Page 5
"§ 120-70.175. Commission established. 1
The Joint Legislative Commission on Seafood and Aquaculture is hereby established as a 2
permanent joint committee of the General Assembly. As used in this Article, the term 3
"Commission" means the Joint Legislative Commission on Seafood and Aquaculture. 4
"§ 120-70.176. Membership; cochairs; vacancies; quorum. 5
(a) The Joint Legislative Commission on Seafood and Aquaculture shall consist of 15 6
members: four Senators appointed by the President Pro Tempore of the Senate; four 7
Representatives appointed by the Spe aker of the House of Representatives; four members 8
appointed by the Governor; and three members appointed by the Commissioner of Agriculture. 9
The members shall serve at the pleasure of their appointing officer. 10
(b) The President Pro Tempore of the Senate s hall designate one Senator to serve as 11
cochair, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall designate one Representative to 12
serve as cochair. 13
(c) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a legislative member of the Commission 14
shall serve for so long as the member remains a member of the General Assembly and no 15
successor has been appointed. A member of the General Assembly who does not seek reelection 16
or is not reelected to the General Assembly may complete a term of service on the Commission 17
until the day on which a new General Assembly convenes. A legislative member of the 18
Commission who resigns or is removed from service in the General Assembly shall be deemed 19
to have resigned or been removed from office on the Commission. Any vacancy that o ccurs on 20
the Commission shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. 21
(d) A quorum of the Commission shall consist of eight members. 22
"§ 120-70.177. Powers and duties. 23
The Commission shall have the following powers and duties: 24
(1) To moni tor and study the current seafood industry in North Carolina , 25
including studies of the feasibility of increasing the State 's production, 26
processing, and marketing of seafood. 27
(2) To study the potential for increasing the role of aquaculture in all regions of 28
the State. 29
(3) To evaluate the feasibility of creating a central permitting office for fishing 30
and aquaculture matters. 31
(4) To evaluate actions of the Division of Marine Fisheries of the Department of 32
Environmental Quality, the Wildlife Resources Commission, and of any other 33
board, commission, department, or agency of the State or local government as 34
such actions relate to the seafood and aquaculture industries. 35
(5) To make recommendations regarding regulatory matters relating to the 36
seafood and aquaculture industries, including: 37
a. Increasing the State 's representation and decision -making ability by 38
dividing the State between the Atlantic and South Atlantic regions of 39
the National Division of Marine Fisheries. 40
b. Evaluating the necessity to substantially increase penalties for trespass 41
and theft of shellfish and other aquaculture products. 42
(6) To review and evaluate changes in federal law and regulations, relevant court 43
decisions, and changes in technology affecting the seafood and aquaculture 44
industries. 45
(7) To review existing and proposed State law and rules affecting the seafood and 46
aquaculture industries and to determine whether any modification of law or 47
rules is in the public interest. 48
(8) To make reports and recommendations, including draft legislat ion, to the 49
General Assembly from time to time as to any matter relating to the powers 50
and duties set out in this section. 51
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(9) To undertake such additional studies as it deems appropriate or as may from 1
time to time be requested by the President of the Sen ate, the President Pro 2
Tempore of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, either 3
house of the General Assembly, the Legislative Research Commission, or the 4
Joint Legislative Commission on Governmental Operations and to make such 5
reports and recommendations to the General Assembly regarding such studies 6
as it deems appropriate. 7
"§ 120-70.178. Additional powers. 8
(a) The Commission, while in the discharge of official duties, may exercise all the powers 9
of a joint committee of the General Assembly provided for under the provisions of G.S. 120-19 10
and G.S. 120-19.1 through G.S. 120-19.4. The Commission may meet at any tim e upon the call 11
of either cochair, whether or not the General Assembly is in session. The Commission may meet 12
in the Legislative Building or the Legislative Office Building upon the approval of the Legislative 13
Services Commission. 14
(b) The Commission may contract for consultants or hire employees in accordance with 15
G.S. 120-32.02. 16
"§ 120-70.179. Compensation and expenses of members. 17
Members of the Commission shall receive per diem and travel allowances in accordance with 18
G.S. 120-3.1 for members who are legislators and shall receive compensation and per diem and 19
travel allowances in accordance with G.S. 138-5 for members who are not legislators. 20
"§ 120-70.180. Staffing. 21
The Legislative Services Officer shall assign as staff to the Commission professional 22
employees of the General Assembly, as approved by the Legislative Services Commission. 23
Clerical staff shall be assigned to the Commission through the offices of the Directors of 24
Legislative Assistants of the Senate and House of Representatives. The expenses of employment 25
of clerical staff shall be borne by the Commission. 26
"§ 120-70.181. Funding. 27
From funds available to the General Assembly, the Legislative Services Commission shall 28
allocate monies to fund the Joint Legislative Commission on Seafood and Aquaculture." 29
30
PART III. SEVERABILITY AND EFFECTIVE DATE 31
SECTION 13. Severability. – If any provision of this act or its application is held 32
invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this act that can be given 33
effect without the invalid provisions or application and, to this end, the provisions of this act are 34
severable. 35
SECTION 14. Effective Date. – Except as otherwise provided, this act is effective 36
when it becomes law. 37