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An Act
ENROLLED HOUSE
BILL NO. 2081 By: Blair of the House
and
Weaver of the Senate
An Act relating to child abduction prevention;
enacting the Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act;
defining terms; providing for cooperation and
communication among courts; authorizing order or
petition for abduction prevention measures;
authorizing certain warrant; clarifying jurisdiction
over certain matters; establishing requirements for
certain petition; specifying required contents of
certain petition; establishing factors to determine
risk of child abduction; authorizing court to
consider certain evidence; requiring abduction
prevention order to contain certain information;
authorizing certain provisions to prevent abduction
of child; authorizing order to impose certain
conditions on custody or visitation; authorizing
certain actions to prevent imminent abduction of
child; providing for remedies; authorizing ex parte
warrant for certain purposes; requiring hearing
within specified time period; specifying required
contents of certain warrant; authorizing order for
certain search; requiring service at certain time;
clarifying enforceability of certain warrants;
allowing court to authorize law enforcement to take
certain actions; authorizing award of costs and fees
under certain circumstances; specifying duration of
certain order; providing for uniformity of
application and construction; clarifying application
to certain federal acts; providing for codification;
and providing an effective date.
SUBJECT: Child abduction prevention
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BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
SECTION 1. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-101 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
This act shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Child
Abduction Prevention Act".
SECTION 2. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-102 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
As used in this act:
1. "Abduction" means the wrongful removal or wrongful retention
of a child;
2. "Child" means an unemancipated individual who is less than
eighteen (18) years of age;
3. "Child custody determination" means a judgment, decree, or
other court order providing for the legal custody, physical custody,
or visitation with respect to a child. The term includes a
permanent, temporary, initial, and modification order;
4. "Child custody proceeding" means a proceeding in which legal
custody, physical custody, or visitation with respect to a child is
at issue. The term includes a proceeding for divorce, dissolution
of marriage, separation, neglect, abuse, dependency, guardianship,
paternity, termination of parental rights, or protection from
domestic violence;
5. "Court" means an entity authorized under the law of a state
to establish, enforce, or modify a child custody determination;
6. "Petition" includes a motion or its equivalent;
7. "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible
medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is
retrievable in perceivable form;
8. "State" means a state of the United States, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any
territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the
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United States. The term includes a federally recognized Indian
tribe or nation;
9. "Travel document" means records relating to a travel
itinerary, including travel tickets, passes, reservations for
transportation, or accommodations. The term does not include a
passport or visa;
10. "Wrongful removal" means the taking of a child that
breaches rights of custody or visitation given or recognized under
the laws of this state; and
11. "Wrongful retention" means the keeping or concealing of a
child that breaches rights of custody or visitation given or
recognized under the laws of this state.
SECTION 3. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-103 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
The provisions of the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and
Enforcement Act as provided in Sections 551-110, 551-111, and 551-
112 of Title 43 of the Oklahoma Statutes shall apply to cooperation
and communications among courts in proceedings under this act.
SECTION 4. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-104 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
A. A court on its own motion may order abduction prevention
measures in a child custody proceeding if the court finds that the
evidence establishes a credible risk of abduction of the child.
B. A party to a child custody determination or another
individual or entity having a right under the laws of this state or
any other state to seek a child custody determination for the child
may file a petition seeking abduction prevention measures to protect
the child under this act.
C. As authorized by Section 551-315 of Title 43 of the Oklahoma
Statutes, a district attorney may seek a warrant to take physical
custody of a child pursuant to Section 9 of this act, or to take
other appropriate prevention measures.
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SECTION 5. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-105 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
A. A petition under this act may be filed only in a court that
has jurisdiction to make a child custody determination with respect
to the child at issue pursuant to the Uniform Child Custody
Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act, Section 551-201 et seq. of Title
43 of the Oklahoma Statutes.
B. A court of this state has temporary emergency jurisdiction
under Section 551-204 of Title 43 of the Oklahoma Statutes if the
court finds a credible risk of abduction.
SECTION 6. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-106 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
A petition under this act shall be verified and include a copy
of any existing child custody determination, if available. The
petition shall specify the risk factors for abduction, including the
relevant factors described in Section 7 of this act. Subject to
subsection E of Section 551-209 of Title 43 of the Oklahoma
Statutes, if reasonably ascertainable, the petition shall contain:
1. The name, date of birth, and gender of the child;
2. The customary address and current physical location of the
child;
3. The identity, customary address, and current physical
location of the respondent;
4. A statement of whether a prior action to prevent abduction
or domestic violence has been filed by a party or other individual
or entity having custody of the child, and the date, location, and
disposition of the action;
5. A statement of whether a party to the proceeding has been
arrested for a crime related to domestic violence, stalking, or
child abuse or neglect, and the date, location, and disposition of
the case; and
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6. Any other information required to be submitted to the court
for a child custody determination pursuant to Section 551-209 of
Title 43 of the Oklahoma Statutes.
SECTION 7. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-107 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
A. In determining whether there is a credible risk of abduction
of a child, the court shall consider any evidence that the
petitioner or respondent:
1. Has previously abducted or attempted to abduct the child;
2. Has threatened to abduct the child;
3. Has recently engaged in activities that may indicate a
planned abduction, including, but not limited to:
a. abandoning employment,
b. selling a primary residence,
c. terminating a lease,
d. closing bank or other financial management accounts,
liquidating assets, hiding or destroying financial
documents, or conducting any unusual financial
activities,
e. applying for a passport or visa or obtaining travel
documents for the respondent, a family member, or the
child, or
f. seeking to obtain the child's birth certificate or
school or medical records;
4. Has engaged in domestic violence, stalking, or child abuse
or neglect;
5. Has refused to follow a child custody determination;
6. Lacks strong familial, financial, emotional, or cultural
ties to the state or the United States;
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7. Has strong familial, financial, emotional, or cultural ties
to another state or country;
8. Is likely to take the child to a country that:
a. is not a party to the Hague Convention on the Civil
Aspects of International Child Abduction and does not
provide for the extradition of an abducting parent or
for the return of an abducted child,
b. is a party to the Hague Convention on the Civil
Aspects of International Child Abduction but:
(1) the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of
International Child Abduction is not in force
between the United States and that country,
(2) is noncompliant according to the most recent
compliance report issued by the United States
Department of State, or
(3) lacks legal mechanisms for immediately and
effectively enforcing a return order under the
Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of
International Child Abduction,
c. poses a risk that the child's physical or emotional
health or safety would be endangered in the country
because of specific circumstances relating to the
child or because of human rights violations committed
against children,
d. has laws or practices that would:
(1) enable the respondent, without due cause, to
prevent the petitioner from contacting the child,
(2) restrict the petitioner from freely traveling to
or exiting from the country because of the
petitioner's gender, nationality, marital status,
or religion, or
(3) restrict the child's ability to legally leave the
country after the child reaches the age of
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majority because of a child's gender,
nationality, or religion,
e. is included by the United States Department of State
on a current list of state sponsors of terrorism,
f. does not have an official United States diplomatic
presence in the country, or
g. is engaged in active military action or war, including
a civil war, to which the child may be exposed;
9. Is undergoing a change in immigration or citizenship status
that would adversely affect the respondent's ability to remain in
the United States legally;
10. Has had an application for United States citizenship
denied;
11. Has forged or presented misleading or false evidence on
government forms or supporting documents to obtain or attempt to
obtain a passport, a visa, travel documents, a Social Security card,
a driver license, or other government-issued identification card or
has made a misrepresentation to the United States government;
12. Has used multiple names to attempt to mislead or defraud;
or
13. Has engaged in any other conduct the court considers
relevant to the risk of abduction.
B. In the hearing on a petition under this act, the court shall
consider any evidence that the respondent believed in good faith
that the respondent's conduct was necessary to avoid imminent harm
to the child or respondent and any other evidence that may be
relevant to whether the respondent may be permitted to remove or
retain the child.
SECTION 8. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-108 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
A. If a petition is filed under this act, the court may enter
an order that shall include:
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1. The basis for the court's exercise of jurisdiction;
2. The manner in which notice and opportunity to be heard were
given to the persons entitled to notice of the proceeding;
3. A detailed description of each party's custody and
visitation rights and residential arrangements for the child;
4. A provision stating that a violation of the order may
subject the party in violation to civil and criminal penalties; and
5. Identification of the child's country of habitual residence
at the time of the issuance of the order.
B. If, at a hearing on a petition under this act or on the
court's own motion, the court after reviewing the evidence finds a
credible risk of abduction of the child, the court shall enter an
abduction prevention order. The order shall include the provisions
required by subsection A of this section and measures and
conditions, including provisions in subsections C, D, and E of this
section, that are reasonably calculated to prevent abduction of the
child, giving due consideration to the custody and visitation rights
of the parties. The court shall consider the age of the child, the
potential harm to the child from an abduction, the legal and
practical difficulties of returning the child to the jurisdiction if
abducted, and the reasons for the potential abduction, including
evidence of domestic violence, stalking, or child abuse or neglect.
C. An abduction prevention order may include one or more of the
following:
1. An imposition of travel restrictions that require that a
party traveling with the child outside a designated geographical
area provide the other party with the following:
a. the travel itinerary of the child,
b. a list of physical addresses and telephone numbers at
which the child can be reached at specified times, and
c. copies of all travel documents;
2. A prohibition of the respondent directly or indirectly:
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a. removing the child from this state, the United States,
or another geographic area without permission of the
court or the petitioner's written consent,
b. removing or retaining the child in violation of a
child custody determination,
c. removing the child from school or a child-care or
similar facility, or
d. approaching the child at any location other than a
site designated for supervised visitation;
3. A requirement that a party register the order in another
state as a prerequisite to allowing the child to travel to that
state;
4. With regard to the child's passport:
a. a direction that the petitioner place the child's name
in the United States Department of State's Child
Passport Issuance Alert Program,
b. a requirement that the respondent surrender to the
court or the petitioner's attorney any United States
or foreign passport issued in the child's name,
including a passport issued in the name of both the
parent and the child, and
c. a prohibition upon the respondent from applying on
behalf of the child for a new or replacement passport
or visa;
5. As a prerequisite to exercising custody or visitation, a
requirement that the respondent provide:
a. to the United States Department of State Office of
Children's Issues and the relevant foreign consulate
or embassy, an authenticated copy of the order
detailing passport and travel restrictions for the
child,
b. to the court:
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(1) proof that the respondent has provided the
information in subparagraph a of paragraph 5 of
subsection C of this section, and
(2) an acknowledgment in a record from the relevant
foreign consulate or embassy that no passport
application has been made, or passport issued, on
behalf of the child,
c. to the petitioner, proof of registration with the
United States Embassy or other United States
diplomatic presence in the destination country and
with the Central Authority for the Hague Convention on
the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, if
that Convention is in effect between the United States
and the destination country, unless one of the parties
objects, and
d. a written waiver under the Privacy Act, Section 552a
of Title 5 of the United States Code, as amended, with
respect to any document, application, or other
information pertaining to the child authorizing its
disclosure to the court and the petitioner; and
6. Upon the petitioner's request, a requirement that the
respondent obtain an order from the relevant foreign country
containing terms identical to the child custody determination issued
in the United States.
D. In an abduction prevention order, the court may impose
conditions on the exercise of custody or visitation that:
1. Limit visitation or require that visitation with the child
by the respondent be supervised until the court finds that
supervision is no longer necessary and order the respondent to pay
the costs of supervision;
2. Require the respondent to post a bond or provide other
security in an amount sufficient to serve as a financial deterrent
to abduction, the proceeds of which may be used to pay for the
reasonable expenses of recovery of the child, including reasonable
attorney fees and costs if there is an abduction; and
3. Require the respondent to obtain education on the
potentially harmful effects to the child from abduction.
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E. To prevent imminent abduction of a child, a court may:
1. Issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child under
Section 9 of this act or the laws of this state other than this act;
2. Direct the use of law enforcement to take any action
reasonably necessary to locate the child, obtain return of the
child, or enforce a custody determination under this act or the laws
of this state other than this act; or
3. Grant any other relief allowed under the laws of this state
other than this act.
F. The remedies provided in this act are cumulative and do not
affect the availability of other remedies to prevent abduction.
SECTION 9. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-109 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
A. If a petition under this act contains allegations, and the
court finds that there is a credible risk that the child is
imminently likely to be wrongfully removed, the court may issue an
ex parte warrant to take physical custody of the child.
B. The respondent on a petition under subsection A of this
section shall be afforded an opportunity to be heard at the earliest
possible time after the ex parte warrant is executed, but not later
than the next judicial day unless a hearing on that date is
impossible. In such event, the court shall hold the hearing on the
first judicial day possible.
C. An ex parte warrant under subsection A of this section to
take physical custody of a child shall:
1. Recite the facts upon which a determination of a credible
risk of imminent wrongful removal of the child is based;
2. Direct law enforcement officers to take physical custody of
the child immediately;
3. State the date and time for the hearing on the petition; and
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4. Provide for the safe interim placement of the child pending
further order of the court.
D. If feasible, before issuing a warrant and before determining
the placement of the child after the warrant is executed, the court
may order a search of the relevant databases of the National Crime
Information Center system and similar state databases to determine
if either the petitioner or respondent has a history of domestic
violence, stalking, or child abuse or neglect.
E. The petition and warrant shall be served on the respondent
when or immediately after the child is taken into physical custody.
F. A warrant to take physical custody of a child, issued by
this state or another state, is enforceable throughout this state.
If the court finds that a less intrusive remedy will not be
effective, it may authorize law enforcement officers to enter
private property to take physical custody of the child. If required
by exigent circumstances, the court may authorize law enforcement
officers to make a forcible entry at any hour.
G. If the court finds, after a hearing, that a petitioner
sought an ex parte warrant under subsection A of this section for
the purpose of harassment or in bad faith, the court may award the
respondent reasonable attorney fees, costs, and expenses.
H. This act does not affect the availability of relief allowed
under the laws of this state other than this act.
SECTION 10. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-110 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
An abduction prevention order remains in effect until the
earliest of the:
1. Time stated in the order;
2. Emancipation of the child;
3. Child attaining eighteen (18) years of age; or
4. Time the order is modified, revoked, vacated, or superseded
by a court with jurisdiction under Sections 551-201, 551-202, and
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551-203 of Title 43 of the Oklahoma Statutes or other applicable
laws of this state.
SECTION 11. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-111 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
In applying and construing the Uniform Child Abduction
Prevention Act, consideration shall be given to the need to promote
uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among
states that enact it.
SECTION 12. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 571-112 of Title 43, unless
there is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
This act modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic
Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, Section 7001, et
seq. of Title 15 of the United States Code, but does not modify,
limit, or supersede Section 101(c) of the act, 15 U.S.C., Section
7001(c), of that act or authorize electronic delivery of any of the
notices described in Section 103(b) of that act, 15 U.S.C., Section
7003(b).
SECTION 13. This act shall become effective November 1, 2025.
ENR. H. B. NO. 2081 Page 14
Passed the House of Representatives the 24th day of March, 2025.
Presiding Officer of the House
of Representatives
Passed the Senate the 1st day of May, 2025.
Presiding Officer of the Senate
OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR
Received by the Office of the Governor this ____________________
day of ___________________, 20_______, at _______ o'clock _______ M.
By: _________________________________
Approved by the Governor of the State of Oklahoma this _________
day of ___________________, 20_______, at _______ o'clock _______ M.
_________________________________
Governor of the State of Oklahoma
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
Received by the Office of the Secretary of State this __________
day of ___________________, 20_______, at _______ o'clock _______ M.
By: _________________________________