An Act providing for a report on artificial intelligence in the workforce; and imposing duties on the Department of Labor and Industry and Department of Community and Economic Development.

PRIOR PRINTER'S NO. 774 PRINTER'S NO. 1269
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIA
SENATE BILL
No. 293
Session of
2025
INTRODUCED BY HUGHES, PHILLIPS-HILL, SANTARSIERO, TARTAGLIONE,
HAYWOOD, KANE, COSTA, SAVAL, BROWN, CAPPELLETTI AND MILLER,
MAY 12, 2025
SENATOR ROBINSON, LABOR AND INDUSTRY, AS AMENDED,
OCTOBER 22, 2025
AN ACT
Providing for a report on artificial intelligence in the
workforce; and imposing duties on the Department of Labor and
Industry and Department of Community and Economic
Development.
The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
hereby enacts as follows:
Section 1. Short title.
This act shall be known and may be cited as the Artificial
Intelligence Workforce Impact Act.
Section 2. Findings and declarations.
The General Assembly finds and declares as follows:
(1) The field of artificial intelligence is evolving
quickly and has the potential to disrupt jobs. It is
imperative to prepare the workforce in this Commonwealth to
develop and work alongside this new technology and mitigate
job displacement.
(2) To prepare for the growth, development and
deployment of artificial intelligence, the Commonwealth needs
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a proactive approach that includes identifying the following:
(i) Data and data access necessary to properly
analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on the
workforce in this Commonwealth.
(ii) Industries in this Commonwealth projected to be
most impacted by artificial intelligence.
(iii) Opportunities for Commonwealth workers and
other stakeholders to influence the impact of artificial
intelligence across industries in this Commonwealth.
(iv) Demographics of those whose career
opportunities are most likely to be affected by growth of
artificial intelligence.
(v) The skills, expertise and education needed to
develop, operate or work alongside artificial
intelligence.
(vi) Methods to ensure that necessary skills,
expertise and education are accessible to all segments of
the current and future workforce.
Section 3. Definitions.
The following words and phrases when used in this act shall
have the meanings given to them in this section unless the
context clearly indicates otherwise:
"Artificial intelligence." The term includes the following:
(1) An artificial system that performs tasks under
varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant
human oversight or that can learn from experience and improve
performance when exposed to data sets.
(2) An artificial system developed in computer software,
physical hardware or other context that solves tasks
requiring human-like perception, cognition, planning,
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learning, communication or physical action.
(3) An artificial system designed to think or act like a
human, including cognitive architectures and neural networks.
(4) A set of techniques, including machine learning,
that is designed to approximate a cognitive task.
(5) An artificial system designed to act rationally,
including an intelligent software agent or embodied robot
that achieves goals using perception, planning, reasoning,
learning, communicating, decision making and acting.
"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE."
(1) A MACHINE-BASED SYSTEM THAT CAN, FOR A GIVEN SET OF
HUMAN-DEFINED OBJECTIVES, MAKE PREDICTIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS
OR DECISIONS INFLUENCING REAL OR VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS,
INCLUDING THE ABILITY TO:
(I) PERCEIVE REAL AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS;
(II) ABSTRACT PERCEPTIONS MADE UNDER PARAGRAPH (1)
INTO MODELS THROUGH ANALYSIS IN AN AUTOMATED MANNER; AND
(III) USE MODEL INFERENCE TO FORMULATE OPTIONS FOR
INFORMATION OR ACTION BASED ON OUTCOMES UNDER
SUBPARAGRAPHS (I) AND (II).
(2) THE TERM INCLUDES GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE.
"GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE." THE CLASS OF MODELS
THAT EMULATE THE STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INPUT DATA IN
ORDER TO GENERATE DERIVED SYNTHETIC CONTENT.
"Institutions of higher education." The term includes any of
the following:
(1) A community college operating under Article XIX-A of
the act of March 10, 1949 (P.L.30, No.14), known as the
Public School Code of 1949.
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(2) A university within the State System of Higher
Education.
(3) The Pennsylvania State University.
(4) The University of Pittsburgh.
(5) Temple University.
(6) Lincoln University.
(7) Any other institution that is designated as "State-
related" by the Commonwealth.
(8) Any accredited private or independent college or
university.
(9) Any private licensed school as defined in the act of
December 15, 1986 (P.L.1585, No.174), known as the Private
Licensed Schools Act.
"NONPUBLIC SCHOOL." A NONPROFIT SCHOOL, OTHER THAN A PUBLIC
SCHOOL LOCATED WITHIN THIS COMMONWEALTH, IN WHICH A RESIDENT OF
THIS COMMONWEALTH MAY LEGALLY FULFILL THE COMPULSORY SCHOOL
ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS ACT AND THAT MEETS THE
APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS OF TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF
1964 (PUBLIC LAW 88-352, 42 U.S.C. § 2000 ET SEQ.).
"School entity." A public school, including a charter school
or cyber charter school, private school, nonpublic school,
intermediate unit or area career and technical school operating
within this Commonwealth.
"SYNTHETIC CONTENT." INFORMATION, SUCH AS IMAGES, VIDEOS,
AUDIO CLIPS OR TEXT, THAT HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANTLY MODIFIED OR
GENERATED BY ALGORITHMS, INCLUDING BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
Section 4. Report.
(a) Impact study and report.--The Secretary of the
Department of Labor and Industry and the Secretary of IN
CONSULTATION WITH the Department of Community and Economic
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Development AND THE OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION shall, jointly and
in collaboration with the individuals and entities described in
subsection (c), conduct a comprehensive study on artificial
intelligence and its future impact on the workforce in this
Commonwealth and submit a final report to the General Assembly
not later than one year 18 MONTHS after the effective date of
this subsection. The report shall include the information and
recommendations listed in subsection (b) and a summary of the
collaboration efforts conducted under subsection (c).
(b) Required information.--The following shall be included
in the report submitted under subsection (a):
(1) An identification of the specific data relating to
the workforce, and the availability of the data, necessary to
properly analyze the impact and growth of artificial
intelligence on the workforce of this Commonwealth and
outline how much of this data is privately owned AND STORED,
and the effectiveness of Federal, State or industry efforts,
including public-private partnerships, to make privately
owned data on the workforce of this Commonwealth available
for research purposes.
(2) Identification of industries and occupations
projected to have the most growth in artificial intelligence
use, whether the technology is likely to result in the
enhancement of workers' capabilities or replacement, and
level of education currently consistent with industries and
occupations identified.
(3) Identification of opportunities for workers,
educators, institutions of higher education, the General
Assembly or other relevant stakeholders to influence the
impact of artificial intelligence on workers across various
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industries.
(4) Analysis of demographics which currently stand to
experience expanded career opportunities and which
demographics currently appear most vulnerable to career
displacement due to artificial intelligence.
(5) Analysis of the skills, expertise and education,
including computer science literacy, needed to develop,
operate or work alongside artificial intelligence over the
next two decades, compared to the levels of the expertise and
education of the workforce as of the effective date of this
paragraph, differentiating between core competencies required
of the entire workforce and competencies required within the
industries and occupations identified in paragraph (2).
(6) Identification of methods by which necessary skills,
expertise and education can be effectively delivered to the
workforce in this Commonwealth.
(7) Identification of industry leaders and institutions
of higher education located in this Commonwealth at the
forefront of research and application of artificial
intelligence in the industries and occupations identified in
paragraph (2).
(8) Identification of the resources and opportunities
required for SCHOOL ENTITIES AND institutions of higher
education to deliver skills, expertise and education
identified in paragraph (5).
(9) Recommendations to alleviate worker displacement,
prepare future workers for the artificial-intelligence
economy and any other relevant observations or
recommendations within the field of artificial intelligence,
which shall include recommendations on methods:
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(i) to expand public access to privately owned
workforce data, for the purpose of researching the effect
of emerging technologies on the workforce in this
Commonwealth;
(ii) for stakeholders, workers, educators,
institutions of higher education, the General Assembly or
other relevant stakeholders to effectively mitigate
perceived negative impacts of artificial intelligence on
segments of the workforce in this Commonwealth;
(iii) to reskill or otherwise offset socioeconomic
harm to demographics identified in paragraph (4) as most
vulnerable to career displacement due to artificial
intelligence;
(iv) to encourage low cost, open source sharing of
industry valued credentials certifying the types of
skills, expertise and education identified in paragraph
(5);
(v) to ensure that core skills and competencies
identified in paragraph (5) can be evaluated, updated and
made public by relevant stakeholders as needed, given
rapid developments in the field of artificial
intelligence;
(vi) to ensure that institutions of higher education
receive resources and opportunities identified in
paragraph (8);
(vii) to promote knowledge sharing and capacity
building between industry leaders and institutions
identified in paragraph (7); and
(viii) to ensure that the skills, expertise and
education needed to develop, operate or work alongside
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artificial intelligence are delivered to vulnerable
demographics identified in paragraph (4), rural workers
and other historically underserved segments of the
workforce in this Commonwealth.
(c) Collaboration.--In preparing the report under subsection
(a), the Secretary of Labor and Industry and the Secretary of
Community and Economic Development shall collaborate, through a
series of public meetings, roundtables or other methods, with:
(1) school entities;
(2) institutions of higher education;
(3) workforce-training organizations;
(4) public sector and private sector labor
organizations;
(5) a broad range of business and industrial
stakeholders in the technology, manufacturing, employment,
human resources and service sectors, including companies,
think tanks and industry organizations;
(6) in the discretion of the Secretary of Labor and
Industry and Secretary of Community and Economic Development,
any Federal agency determined to be appropriate; and
(7) in the discretion of the Secretary of Labor and
Industry and Secretary of Community and Economic Development,
any Commonwealth agency determined to be appropriate.
SECTION 5. EXPIRATION.
THIS ACT SHALL EXPIRE UPON TRANSMITTAL OF THE IMPACT STUDY
AND REPORT UNDER SECTION 4.
Section 5 6. Effective date.
This act shall take effect in 60 days.
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