AN ACT RELATING TO BUSINESSES AND PROFESSIONS -- PUBLIC ACCOUNTANCY (Updates the state’s public accountancy act for consistency with the 9th edition of the Uniform Accountancy Act, as issued by NASBA and AICPA in July 2025.)

H8128

2026 -- H 8128
========
LC005945
========

STATE OF RHODE ISLAND
IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2026
____________
A N A C T
RELATING TO BUSINESSES AND PROFESSIONS -- PUBLIC ACCOUNTANCY

Introduced By:
Representative Stephen M. Casey

Date Introduced:
February 27, 2026

Referred To:
House Corporations
It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:
1
SECTION 1. Sections 5-3.1-3, 5-3.1-4, 5-3.1-5, 5-3.1-7, 5-3.1-8, 5-3.1-9, 5-3.1-11, 5-3.1-
2
12, 5-3.1-14, 5-3.1-15, 5-3.1-16, 5-3.1-18, 5-3.1-19 and 5-3.1-20 of the General Laws in Chapter
3
5-3.1 entitled "Public Accountancy" are hereby amended to read as follows:
4

5-3.1-3. Definitions.
5
As used in this chapter, unless the context requires otherwise, the following terms are
6
construed as follows:
7
(1)
“Active individual participant” means an individual who is actively engaged in the firm
8
or its affiliated entities and whose primary occupation consists of providing client services or
9
participating in the management of the firm.
10

(2) “AICPA” means the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
11

(3)
“Attest” means providing the following services:
12
(i) Any audit or other engagement to be performed in accordance with the Statements on
13
Auditing Standards (SAS);
14
(ii) Any review of a financial statement to be performed in accordance with the Statement
15
on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARS);
16
(iii) Any examination of prospective financial information to be performed in accordance
17
with the Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements (SSAE);
18
(iv) Any engagement to be performed in accordance with the standards of the
public
19
company accounting oversight board

PCAOB
;

1
(v) Any examination, review, or agreed-upon procedures engagement to be performed in
2
accordance with the SSAE, other than an examination described in subsection (1)(iii); and
3
(vi) The statements on standards specified in this definition shall be adopted by reference
4
by the board pursuant to rulemaking and shall be those developed for general application by
5
recognized national accountancy organizations, such as the
American Institute of Certified Public
6
Accountants

AICPA
, and the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

PCAOB
.
7

(2)
(4)
“Authority” means an authority to practice as a public accountant in this state granted
8
by the public accountants advisory commission under former § 5-3-6 (P.L. 1962, chapter 228,
9
Section 1, as amended by P.L. 1970, chapter 272, Section 1).
10

(5) “Baccalaureate degree” means a post-secondary bachelor’s degree awarded by a college
11
or university for completion of a course of study.
12

(3)
(6)
“Board” means the board of accountancy, a public authority created by § 5-3.1-4.
13

(4) “Certificate” means a certificate as certified public accountant issued under this chapter
14
or corresponding provisions of prior law, or a corresponding certificate as certified public
15
accountant issued after examination under the law of any other state.
16

(5)
(7)
“Certified public accountant” or “CPA” means a person holding a
certificate

license

17
issued under this chapter or corresponding provisions of prior law or under the accountancy act or
18
similar law of any other state.
19

(8) “CPA Exam” means the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination
20
administered by the AICPA and NASBA.
21

(6)
(9)
“Compilation” means providing a service to be performed in accordance with the
22
Statement on Standards for Accounting and Review Services (SSARS), as adopted by the
American
23
Institute of Certified Public Accountants

AICPA
, that is presenting in the form of financial
24
statements, information that is the representation of management without undertaking to express
25
any assurance on the statements.
26

(7)
(10)
“Entity” includes a general partnership, limited-liability company, limited-liability
27
partnership, corporation, sole proprietor, trust,
and
joint venture
and other professional business
28
structures
.
29

(8) “Good moral character” for purposes of this section, means lack of a history of
30
dishonest or felonious acts.
31

(11) “License” means the license issued under this chapter to a certified public accountant
32
and the permit issued under this chapter to a public accountant.
33

(9)
(12)
“Licensee” means the holder of a certificate,
license
authority, or permit issued
34
under this chapter or under the prior laws of this state.

LC005945 - Page 2 of 33
1

(10)
(13)
“Majority” refers to more than fifty percent (50%) ownership in terms of financial
2
interests and voting rights.
3

(14) “NASBA” means the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy.
4

(15) “PCAOB” means the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
5

(11)
(16)
“Peer review” means a study, appraisal, or review of one or more aspects of the
6
professional work of a practice unit engaged in the practice of public accountancy in this state, by
7
a licensee or licensees who are not affiliated with the practice unit being reviewed.
8

(12) “Permit” means a permit to practice public accountancy issued under § 5-3.1-7, § 5-
9
3.1-8, or § 5-3.1-9, or under corresponding provisions of prior law, or under corresponding
10
provisions of the law of any other state.
11

(17) “Post-baccalaureate degree” means a master’s degree, doctor of philosophy (Ph.D),
12
juris doctor (J.D.) or other graduate degree awarded by a college or university for completion of a
13
course of study.
14

(13)
(18)
“Practice of (or practicing) public accounting or accountancy” means the
15
performance of, or the offering to perform, in an independent posture, for a client or potential client,
16
one or more kinds of services involving the use of accounting or auditing skills, in connection with
17
the issuance of reports as defined in subsection
(17)
(23)
.
18

(14)
(19)
“Practice unit”
OR “CPA Firm”
means a sole proprietorship, corporation,
general

19
partnership,
limited-liability company, limited-liability partnership,
or other entity engaged in the
20
practice of public accounting in this state. For the purpose of this chapter, the office of the auditor
21
general is considered a practice unit.
22

(20) “Practice unit permit” means a permit issued to a practice unit engaged in the practice
23
of public accounting in this state.
24

(15)
(21)
“Principal
residence

place of business
” means the
state in which a person has the
25
right to register to vote for, or the right to vote in, general elections and in which he or she qualifies
26
to file a resident state income tax return

office location designated by the licensee for purposes of
27
mobility practice privileges and reciprocity
.
28

(16)
(22)
“Public accountant” or “PA” means a person holding an authority as a public
29
accountant issued under the prior laws of this state.
30

(17)
(23)
“Report” means an opinion, report, or other form of language that states or implies
31
assurance as to the reliability of the attested information or compiled financial statements and that
32
also includes, or is accompanied by, a statement or implication that the person or practice unit
33
issuing the financial statements has special knowledge or competence in accounting or auditing. A
34
statement or implication of special knowledge or competence may arise from use by the issuer of

LC005945 - Page 3 of 33
1
the report of names or titles indicating that the issuer is an accountant or auditor, or from the
2
language of the report itself. The term “report” includes any form of language that disclaims an
3
opinion when that language is conventionally understood to imply any positive assurance as to the
4
reliability of the attested information or compiled financial statements referred to and/or any special
5
competence on the part of the person or practice unit issuing that language; and it also includes any
6
other form of language that is conventionally understood to imply that assurance and/or special
7
knowledge or competence.
8

(18)
(24)
“State” means
the states

any states
of the United States, the District of Columbia,
9
Puerto Rico, Guam,
and
the U.S. Virgin Islands
, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana
10
Islands
. The term “this state” means the state of Rhode Island.
11

(19)
(25)
“Substantial equivalency” means a determination by the board of accountancy
12
that the education, examination, and experience requirements contained in the statutes and
13
administrative rules of another state or
foreign
jurisdiction are comparable to or exceed the
14
education, examination, and experience requirements
included in this chapter

in the Uniform
15
Accountancy Act
or that an individual CPA’s education, examination, and experience
16
qualifications are comparable to or exceed the education, examination, and experience
17
requirements contained in
this chapter

the Uniform Accountancy Act
. In ascertaining substantial
18
equivalency as used in this chapter, the board shall take into account the qualifications without
19
regard to the sequence in which experience, education, or examination requirements were attained.
20

5-3.1-4. Board of accountancy.
21
(a) There is created a board of accountancy in and for the state of Rhode Island, to be
22
known as the Rhode Island board of accountancy. The board shall consist of five (5) members. All
23
members shall be appointed by the governor. Membership of the board shall consist of
three (3)

24
four (4)
members who hold
certificates and valid permits

active licenses
to practice as certified
25
public accountants in this state and who are in public practice as certified public accountants in this
26
state
, and one member who holds an authority and a valid permit to practice as a public accountant
27
in this state unless the governor shall not be able to find a qualified appointee within the class of
28
public accountants at which time the governor shall appoint a certified public accountant
. All four
29
(4) of those members shall have at least ten (10) years’ experience in a full-time practice of public
30
accountancy. The fifth member shall be from the public sector and shall have professional or
31
practical experience in the use of accounting services and financial statements as to be qualified to
32
evaluate whether the qualifications, activities, and professional practice of those persons and firms
33
regulated under this chapter conform with the standards established to protect the public interest.
34
The board member from the public sector shall be designated as the public’s member to the board

LC005945 - Page 4 of 33
1
for the term of service appointed. Except as provided, the term of the members of the board shall
2
be five (5) years. No member of the board shall be associated in the practice of accountancy, either
3
individually or as a member of a firm, with any other member of the board. The members of the
4
Rhode Island board of accountancy appointed and serving under prior law on July 1, 1995, shall
5
serve out the terms for which they were originally appointed as members of the board created by
6
this section. Vacancies occurring during any term shall be filled by appointment by the governor
7
for the unexpired term. Upon the expiration of
his or her

their
term of office, a member shall
8
continue to serve until
his or her

their
successor has been appointed and has assumed office. The
9
governor shall remove from the board any member whose
certificate, authority, or permit

license

10
has been revoked, suspended, or not renewed. No person who has served two (2) consecutive,
11
complete terms is eligible for reappointment. Serving the remainder of an unexpired term upon
12
appointment by the governor to fill a vacancy on the board shall not be considered as serving a
13
complete term.
14
(b) The board shall elect annually from among its members a chairperson and any other
15
officers that it deems appropriate. The board shall meet at any times and places that are fixed by
16
the board and in any event shall meet no less than four (4) times each year. Three (3) members of
17
the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The board shall have a seal
18
which shall be judicially noticed. The board shall retain or arrange for the retention of all
19
applications and documents under oath that are filed with the board, and shall maintain a registry
20
of the names and addresses of all licensees. The board shall keep records of its proceedings, and in
21
any proceeding in court, civil or criminal, arising out of, or founded upon, any provision of this
22
chapter, copies of the records certified as correct under the seal of the board are admissible in
23
evidence.
24
(c) Each member of the board shall be reimbursed for actual and necessary expenses
25
incurred in the discharge of those duties, but shall not receive compensation for their services on
26
the board.
27
(d) All fees and monies derived under the provisions of this chapter shall be paid to, and
28
received by, the general treasurer of the state of Rhode Island, who shall keep the monies in a
29
restricted receipt account. All monies in the restricted receipt account shall be used to reimburse
30
the board for expenses incurred in the administration and enforcement of this chapter.
The board
31
treasurer is authorized and directed to draw orders upon the general treasurer for payment from the
32
restricted receipt account upon receipt by the board treasurer of vouchers authenticated by the
33
chairperson, vice chairperson, or secretary of the board.
34
(e) The board shall maintain on its website an annual report of its activities with the

LC005945 - Page 5 of 33
1
governor and the general assembly of this state. The report shall include, but not be limited to, a
2
statement of all receipts and disbursements and a listing of all current licensees.
3
(f) The board shall prescribe any rules and regulations not inconsistent with the provisions
4
of this chapter that it deems consistent with, or required by, the public welfare and policy
5
established in § 5-3.1-2. Those rules and regulations may include:
6
(1) Rules and regulations of procedure for governing the conduct of matters before the
7
board;
8
(2) Rules and regulations of professional conduct for establishing and maintaining high
9
standards of competence and integrity in the profession of public accounting;
10
(3) Rules and regulations governing educational and experience requirements for the
11
issuance of
certificates

licenses
;
12
(4) Rules and regulations establishing requirements for continuing education to promote
13
the professional competence of holders of permits, which the board may require those holders to
14
meet as a condition of their continuing in the practice of public accounting;
15
(5) Rules and regulations governing practice units engaged in the practice of public
16
accounting, including, but not limited to, rules and regulations concerning the style, name, title,
17
and affiliation with any other organization, and establishing reasonable standards as to professional
18
liability insurance;
19
(6) Rules and regulations for reviewing and monitoring professional performance and
20
conducting peer reviews;
21
(7) Any other rules and regulations that the board deems necessary or appropriate in
22
exercising its functions under this chapter.
23
(g) The promulgation of any rule, regulation, or amendment to it under subsection (f) of
24
this section, or under any other provision of this chapter, shall be in accordance with § 42-35-3.
25
(h) The board may employ
or utilize
any personnel and arrange for
or accept
any assistance,
26
legal or otherwise, that it requires for the performance of its duties. It may also establish one or
27
more advisory committees as it deems necessary in the performance of its duties. The authority and
28
term of that advisory committee may be permanent or temporary in nature as determined by the
29
board.
30
(i) In addition to its rulemaking authority, the board has the power to take all action that is
31
necessary and proper to effectuate the purposes of this chapter, including the power to:
32
(1) Sue and be sued in its official name as an agency of this state;
33
(2) Investigate all complaints and charges of unprofessional conduct, including, but not
34
limited to, conduct specified under § 5-3.1-12, against any licensee or any applicant for a
certificate

LC005945 - Page 6 of 33
1
license
or permit, and to hold hearings, in accordance with the provisions of § 5-3.1-14, to
2
determine whether those complaints and charges are substantiated;
3
(3) Appoint one or more members of the board, legal counsel, and/or an independent
4
investigator to act on behalf of the board in investigating the conduct of any licensee, or of any
5
applicant for a
certificate

licenses
or permit, or, in the alternative, to appoint a probable-cause
6
committee to investigate that conduct on its behalf, the committee to be comprised of licensees in
7
good standing, as the board determines; and
8
(4) Issue subpoenas, administer oaths, and summon and examine witnesses in connection
9
with any investigation conducted under authority of this chapter. If a subpoena is disobeyed, the
10
board may invoke the aid of any court of competent jurisdiction in this state to require the
11
attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of documentary evidence.
12
(j) The board and its members and agents are immune from personal liability for actions
13
taken in good faith in the discharge of the board’s responsibilities, and the state of Rhode Island
14
shall indemnify the board and those members and agents for, and hold them harmless from, any
15
and all costs, damages, and reasonable attorney’s fees arising from, or related in any way, to claims
16
or actions against them as to matters to which the immunity applies.
17
(k) The board shall adopt rules and regulations to implement
substantial equivalency

18
individual mobility practice privileges
as set forth in
§ 5-3.1-7(g)

§ 5-3.1-5(f)
.
19

5-3.1-5.
Certified public accountants
General requirements for certified public
20
accountants licensure.
21
(a)
Application for a CPA license, initial or reciprocal, shall be made as instructed by the
22
board and include payment of the required fee, as determined by the board by rule or regulation.

23
Upon application for a certificate and payment of the required fee, the board shall issue a certificate
24
to any person who:
25

(b) To be eligible for initial licensure as a CPA in this state, an applicant shall satisfy all
26
applicable requirements of this chapter, and demonstrate eligibility for CPA licensure through one
27
of the following pathways:
28

(1) Is of good moral character;
29

(2) Has a principal residence in Rhode Island as defined in § 5-3.1-3 or a primary place of
30
employment in Rhode Island;
31

(1) A post-baccalaureate degree, conferred by a college or university acceptable to the
32
board, the total educational program to include an accounting concentration or equivalent and
33
courses in any related subjects that the board determines to be appropriate; evidence of passing
34
scores on the CPA exam; and one year of experience in providing any type of service or advice

LC005945 - Page 7 of 33
1
involving the use of accounting, attest, management advisory, financial advisory, tax, or consulting
2
skills, all of which were verified by a licensee, meeting requirements prescribed by the board by
3
rule.
4

(3)
(2)

Has received a

A
baccalaureate degree
and completion of an additional thirty (30)
5
semester credit hours both conferred by

from
a college or university acceptable to the board, the
6
total educational program of which includes an accounting concentration or its equivalent and
7
courses in any related subjects that the board determines to be appropriate;
evidence of passing
8
scores on the CPA exam; and one year of experience in providing any type of service or advice
9
involving the use of accounting, attest, management advisory, financial advisory, tax, or consulting
10
skills, all of which were verified by a licensee, meeting requirements prescribed by the board by
11
rule.
12

(3) A baccalaureate degree conferred by a college or university acceptable to the board, the
13
total educational program of which includes an accounting concentration or its equivalent and
14
courses in any related subjects that the board determines to be appropriate; evidence of passing
15
scores on the CPA exam; and two (2) years of experience in providing any type of service or advice
16
involving the use of accounting, attest, management advisory, financial advisory, tax, or consulting
17
skills, all of which were verified by a licensee, meeting requirements prescribed by the board by
18
rule.

19
provided, the education requirement for a certificate shall be at least one hundred fifty (150)
20
semester hours of college education, including a baccalaureate or higher degree conferred by a
21
college or university acceptable to the board, the total educational program of which includes an
22
accounting concentration or equivalent as determined by board rule to be appropriate; provided,
23
that a candidate who has not met the one-hundred-fifty-hour (150) education requirement may sit
24
for an examination if the candidate has, at the time of the examination, completed not less than one
25
hundred twenty (120) semester hours of education, provided that such candidate who successfully
26
passes the examination will not be eligible to receive a certificate until the applicant completes the
27
one-hundred-fifty-hour (150) education requirement and the experience requirement;
28

(4) Has passed examinations in accounting and auditing and any related subjects that the
29
board deems appropriate and specifies by rule;
30

(5) Has one year of experience in providing any type of service or advice involving the use
31
of accounting, attest, management advisory, financial advisory, tax, or consulting skills, all of
32
which were verified by a licensee, meeting requirements prescribed by the board by rule. This
33
experience would be acceptable if it was gained through employment in government, industry,
34
academia, or public practice. After December 31, 1999, the person must also have completed one

LC005945 - Page 8 of 33
1
hundred fifty (150) hours or received a master’s or doctorate degree in accounting, business
2
administration, or other related curriculum from a college or university recognized by the board;
3
and have satisfactorily completed any number of semester hours in accounting, auditing, and other
4
business courses that are prescribed by board rules and regulations; and
5

(6) If an out-of-state individual:
6

(i) Has passed all parts of the uniform certified public accountant examination in another
7
jurisdiction, but has not received a certificate or similar certification in that jurisdiction;
8

(ii) Has established a principal residence in Rhode Island or a primary place of employment
9
in Rhode Island preparatory to seeking a certificate from this state;
10

(iii) Has complied with the longer of:
11

(A) The experience requirement in the jurisdiction in which the uniform examination was
12
taken; or
13

(B) The Rhode Island experience requirement;
14

(iv) Has complied with the educational requirements under subsection (a)(3); and
15

(v) Has satisfactorily complied with any other requirements that the board by rule or
16
regulation reasonably determines to be appropriate.
17

(b) The board, in its discretion, may accept the educational credits of any person who is a
18
candidate for a certificate if it is satisfied, by appropriate means of evaluation, that the credits are
19
an acceptable substitute for the credit requirements of subsection (a)(3). The board, in its discretion,
20
may waive the residency or primary place of employment requirements relating to the issuance of
21
a certificate as stated in subsections (a)(2) and (a)(6).
22
The examinations described in subsection (a)(4) are held by the board and shall take place as often
23
as the board determines to be desirable, but in any event not less frequently than once each year.
24
The board shall prescribe by rule the procedures to be followed in applying for and conducting the
25
examinations and the methods to be used in grading the examinations and determining a passing
26
grade.
27
(c)
Examination requirement
28

(1) In situations where a candidate is enrolled in a dual degree program, and the
29
baccalaureate degree is conferred at or after the completion of the master’s degree, the candidate is
30
eligible to sit for the CPA exam upon completion of the baccalaureate degree requirements
31
including the accounting concentration or equivalent and courses in any related subjects that the
32
board determines to be appropriate. However, that candidate will not be eligible to receive a license
33
until they pass the CPA exam and complete all applicable education and experience requirements
34
set forth in this section.

LC005945 - Page 9 of 33
1
(2)
The board may make use of any or all parts of the
uniform certified public accountant
2
examination

CPA Exam
and advisory grading service provided by the
American Institute of
3
Certified Public Accountants

AICPA and NASBA
, and may contract with third parties to perform
4
any administrative services with respect to the examinations that the board deems appropriate to
5
assist it in performing its duties under this section.
The board shall prescribe by rule the methods
6
of applying for and conducting the examination, the required content of the exam, which sections
7
are required, the setting and payment of fees, methods for grading and determining a passing grade,
8
and penalties for anyone found to have cheated on any part of a CPA exam.
9

(d) The board may, by rule or regulation, provide for the granting of credit to a candidate
10
for the satisfactory completion by the candidate of an examination, in any one or more of the
11
subjects referred to in subsection (a)(4), that is given by the licensing authority in any other state.
12
Any rules and regulations shall include the requirement that any examination approved as a basis
13
for the granting of credit is, in the judgment of the board at the time of the granting of the credit, at
14
least as thorough as the most recent examination given by the board in the subject or subjects tested.
15
The board may also, by rule or regulation, prescribe terms and conditions under which a candidate
16
who passes the examination in one or more of the subjects referred to in subsection (a)(4) may be
17
reexamined in the remaining subjects, with credit given for the subjects previously passed. It also
18
may provide by rule or regulation for a reasonable waiting period for a candidate’s reexamination
19
in a subject previously failed. Subject to the preceding and to any other rules and regulations that
20
the board may adopt governing reexaminations, a candidate is entitled to any number of
21
reexaminations. Except as the board may provide by a rule or regulation in order to prevent what it
22
determines to be undue hardship to candidates, a candidate granted credit for satisfactory
23
examination in any one or more of the subjects referred to in subsection (a)(4) shall have met the
24
educational requirement of subsection (a)(3) or (a)(5) of this section in effect on the date of the
25
examination by which the candidate successfully completes the examination under subsection
26
(a)(4).
27

(e) The board shall charge each candidate for a certificate a fee for the initial examination
28
under subsection (a), for reexamination under subsection (d) for each subject in which the candidate
29
is reexamined, and for evaluation of a candidate’s educational qualifications under subsection (b).
30
The applicable fee shall be paid by the candidate at the time of application for the examination,
31
reexamination, or evaluation. Fees for examination, reexamination, and evaluation of educational
32
qualifications shall be determined by the board and prescribed in the rules and regulations issued
33
by the board. The liability of the board to a candidate taking an examination or reexamination is
34
limited to the amount of the fee received for the examination.

LC005945 - Page 10 of 33
1

(f) Persons who on July 1, 1995, hold a certificate issued under the laws of this state prior
2
to that date are not required to obtain an additional certificate under this chapter, but are subject to
3
all the provisions of this chapter; the certificate previously issued is, for all purposes, considered a
4
certificate issued under this chapter and subject to the provisions of this chapter. Reinstatement
5
power is vested in the board as to those certificates suspended or revoked prior to July 1, 1995, and
6
the holder of those certificates may have them reissued upon application for reissuance in
7
accordance with § 5-3.1-15. Persons holding certificates on July 1, 1995, who are estopped from
8
obtaining a permit under government employment restrictions may apply for a permit under § 5-
9
3.1-7 within one year following termination of that employment, and upon obtaining the permit
10
may engage in the practice of public accounting in this state as a certified public accountant subject
11
to the provisions of this chapter.
12

(g)(1)
(d)
The board shall, upon application for a certificate and payment of a fee to be
13
determined by the board and promulgated by rule or regulation, issue a certificate to a holder of a
14
certificate issued by another state, provided that:

Reciprocal licensure: A CPA who holds a valid
15
license in good standing issued by another state and who desires to practice in this state may qualify
16
for reciprocity as follows:
17

(1) Meeting the individual mobility practice privilege requirements set forth in subsection
18
(f) of this section; or
19

(2) If the applicant does not qualify for reciprocity under subsection (f) of this section, the
20
applicant must submit an application that includes evidence of:
21

(i) Passing the CPA exam;
22

(ii) After passing the CPA exam and within ten (10) years immediately preceding the
23
application, having at least four (4) years of experience in providing any type of service or advice
24
involving the use of accounting, attest, management advisory, financial advisory, tax, or consulting
25
skills, all of which were verified by a licensee, meeting requirements prescribed by the board by
26
rule; and
27

(iii) If the applicant’s license in another state was issued more than four (4) years prior to
28
the application for issuance of a license under this section, evidence that the applicant has fulfilled
29
the requirements of continuing professional education that would have been applicable under § 5-
30
3.1-7.
31

(3) A CPA licensed by another state who established their principal place of business in
32
this state shall apply for a CPA license in this state prior to establishing such principal place of
33
business.
34

(i) The applicant meets all current requirements in this state at the time application is made;

LC005945 - Page 11 of 33
1
and
2

(ii) At the time of the issuance of the applicant’s certificate in the other state, the applicant
3
met all requirements then applicable in this state unless reciprocity is allowed under the substantial
4
equivalency standard in § 5-3.1-7.
5

(2) If the holder of a certificate issued by another state meets all current requirements in
6
this state except the educational or experience requirements of this state as prescribed in this
7
section, or passed the examination under different credit provisions then applicable in this state, the
8
board shall issue a certificate to the applicant upon application for the certificate and upon payment
9
of the required fee, provided that:
10

(i) The applicant has four (4) years of experience of the type described in subsection (a)(5)
11
or meets comparable requirements prescribed by the board by rule within the ten (10) years
12
immediately prior to the application; or
13

(ii) The applicant has five (5) years of experience in the practice of public accountancy
14
over a longer or earlier period and has completed fifteen (15) current semester hours of accounting,
15
auditing, and any other related subject that the board specifies by rule, at an accredited institution,
16
and has one year of current experience in the practice of public accountancy.
17

(h)
(4)
An applicant for issuance of a
certificate under this section

license by reciprocity

18
shall list in the application all other states in which the applicant has applied for or holds a
certificate

19
license
. Each applicant for or holder of a
certificate

license
issued under this section shall, within
20
thirty (30) days of the occurrence of that event, notify the board, in writing, of the issuance, denial,
21
revocation, or suspension of a
certificate
license
by any other state, or of the commencement of a
22
disciplinary or enforcement action against the applicant or holder by any other state.
23

(e) Submission of an application for a license by any person who is not a resident of this
24
state, constitutes the appointment of the secretary of state as an agent for the applicant for service
25
of process in any action or proceeding arising out of any transaction or operation connected with
26
or incidental to the practice of public accounting in this state by the applicant.
27

(f) Individual mobility practice privilege:
28

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual who holds a valid license in
29
good standing as a CPA from any state and whose principal place of business is not in this state,
30
who offers or renders professional services in this state, whether in person, by mail, telephone, or
31
electronic means, shall be granted practice privileges in this state and no notice, fee, or other
32
submission shall be required from any such individual, provided that:
33

(i) At the time of initial licensure, such individual was required to show evidence of having
34
met the requirements of one of the three (3) pathways set forth in subsection (b) of this section; or

LC005945 - Page 12 of 33
1

(ii) Such individual held an active license as a CPA in good standing from any state as of
2
December 31, 2024, and as of such date, had practice privileges in this state.
3

(2) Any individual licensee of another state exercising the privilege afforded under this
4
subsection and the CPA firm that employs that licensee hereby simultaneously consent, as a
5
condition of the granting of this privilege:
6

(i) To the personal and subject-matter jurisdiction and disciplinary authority of the board;
7

(ii) To comply with this chapter and the board’s rules;
8

(iii) That, in the event the license from the state of the individual’s principal place of
9
business is no longer valid, the individual will cease offering or rendering professional services in
10
this state individually and on behalf of a CPA firm; and
11

(iv) To the appointment of the board that issued their license as their agent upon whom
12
process may be served in any action or proceeding by this board against the licensee.
13

(3) A licensee of this state offering or rendering services or using their CPA title in another
14
state shall be subject to disciplinary action in this state for an act committed in another state for
15
which the licensee would be subject to discipline for an act committed in the other state.
16

(4) An individual who has been granted practice privileges under this subsection who
17
performs any attest and/or compilation service as defined in § 5-3.1-3 may only do so through a
18
CPA Firm which meets the requirements of § 5-3.1-9.
19

(5) The board may rely on the NASBA National Qualification Appraisal Service to
20
determine which other jurisdictions licensees’ or individuals may be eligible for individual mobility
21
practice privilege in this state.
22

(i)
(g)

In accordance with § 28-5.1-14,

The

the
board may refuse to grant a
certificate on
23
the grounds of failure to satisfy the good moral character requirement only

license based upon a
24
history of dishonest or felonious acts, or disciplinary actions by another state or federal agency
if
25
there is a substantial connection between the
lack of good moral character of the applicant

prior
26
criminal or administrative disciplinary history of the applicant
and the professional responsibilities
27
of a licensee
as determined by the board.

and if the finding by the board of lack of good moral
28
character is supported by clear and convincing evidence.
When an applicant is found to be
29
unqualified for a
certificate because of lack of good moral character

license under this section
, the
30
board shall furnish the applicant a statement containing the findings of the board, a complete record
31
of the evidence upon which the determination was based, and a notice of the applicant’s right
of
32
appeal

to request a hearing on the refusal to grant a license
.
33

5-3.1-7.
Permits for public accountants and certified public accountants
License term,
34
fees, continuing education requirements, and renewals.

LC005945 - Page 13 of 33
1
(a)
Annual permits to engage in the practice of public accounting in this state shall be issued
2
by the board, upon application for the permit and payment of the required fee, to certified public
3
accountants qualified under § 5-3.1-5 or eligible under the substantial equivalency standard set out
4
in subsection (g), and to public accountants qualified under § 5-3.1-6. Effective January 1, 2009,
5
all

permits

All licenses
issued by the board shall be valid for a period of three (3) years and shall
6
expire upon the last day of June of the year in which the
permit

license
is scheduled to expire.
To
7
transition existing licensees to a three-year (3) licensing cycle, the board shall have the authority
8
and discretion in 2008 to issue permits under this section that are valid for one, two (2), or three (3)
9
years. All such permits issued during 2008 shall expire upon the last day of June of the year in
10
which the permit is scheduled to expire. The board’s authority to issue permits valid for one or two
11
(2) years shall cease as of December 31, 2008.
12

(b) A certified public accountant who holds a permit issued by another state and who
13
desires to practice in this state shall apply for a permit in this state if that person does not qualify
14
for reciprocity under the substantial equivalency standard set out in subsection (g). Upon the date
15
of filing the completed application with the board, the applicant is deemed qualified to practice,
16
and may practice, public accounting in this state pending board review of the application; provided,
17
that the applicant meets all other applicable requirements under this chapter. Submission of the
18
application constitutes the appointment of the secretary of state as an agent for the applicant for
19
service of process in any action or proceeding arising out of any transaction or operation connected
20
with or incidental to the practice of public accounting in this state by the applicant.
21

(c)
(b)
Applications for renewal of a
permit

license
under this section shall be submitted to
22
the board
,

by February 15 of the year in which the permit is scheduled to expire

in accordance with
23
the board’s instructions and regulations,
and shall be accompanied by evidence that the applicant
24
has satisfied the continuing professional education requirements promulgated by board regulation.
25
That evidence shall be in a form that the board requires. Failure to furnish that evidence constitutes
26
grounds for refusal to renew the
permit

license
unless the board in its discretion determines that the
27
failure was due to reasonable cause or excusable neglect.
28

(d)
(c)
Applications for renewal of a
permit

license
under this section shall also identify any
29
practice unit with which the applicant is affiliated. In the event the practice unit fails to comply
30
with § 5-3.1-9 or § 5-3.1-10, the board may refuse to renew the applicant’s individual
permit

license

31
if the board determines that the applicant was personally and substantially responsible for the
32
failure of the practice unit to meet the requirements of §§ 5-3.1-9 and 5-3.1-10.
33

(e)
(d)
All applicants for a
permit

license
under this
section

chapter
shall list in the
34
application all other states in which the applicant has applied for or holds a
permit

license
to

LC005945 - Page 14 of 33
1
practice. Each applicant for, or holder of, a
permit

license
issued under this
section

chapter
,
or

and

2
any individual who has entered the state under the provisions of
substantial equivalency

individual
3
mobility practice privileges pursuant to § 5-3.1-5(f)
, shall, within thirty (30) days of the occurrence
4
of the event, notify the board in writing:
5
(1) Of the issuance, denial, revocation, or suspension of any certificate, license, degree, or
6
permit by any other state; or
7
(2) Of the commencement of any disciplinary or enforcement action against the applicant,
8
holder, or individual by any other state.
9

(f)
(e)
Fees for the issuance and renewal of
permits

licenses
under this section shall be
10
established from time to time by the board. In no case shall the three-year (3) renewal fee be less
11
than three hundred seventy-five dollars ($375). The required fee shall be paid by the applicant at
12
the time the application is filed with the board.
13

(g) Substantial equivalency.
14

(1) An individual having a valid certificate or license as a certified public accountant from
15
any state whose licensure requirements are determined to be substantially equivalent with the
16
conditions of this section shall have all the privileges of certificate holders and licensees of this
17
state without the need to obtain a certificate or permit from this state under this section as long as
18
the conditions of this section are met. The individual must have one year or more of experience.
19
This experience shall include providing any type of service or advice involving the use of
20
accounting, attest, management advisory, financial advisory, tax, or consulting skills all of which
21
was verified by a licensee, meeting requirements prescribed by the board by rule. This experience
22
is acceptable if it was gained through employment in government, industry, academia, or public
23
practice. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual who offers or renders
24
professional services, whether in person, by mail, telephone, or electronic means, under this section
25
shall be granted practice privileges in this state and no notice or other submission shall be provided
26
by any such individual. Such an individual shall be subject to the requirements in subsection (g)(3).
27
If this individual is responsible for supervising attest services and signs or authorizes another
28
licensee to sign the accountant’s report on the financial statements on behalf of the firm, this
29
individual shall meet the experience requirements set out in the professional standards for such
30
services. If this individual is responsible for signing or authorizing another licensee to sign the
31
accountant’s report on the financial statements on behalf of the firm, this individual shall meet the
32
experience requirements set out in the professional standards for such services. The board may use
33
the NASBA National Qualification Appraisal Service to determine which other states have
34
substantial equivalence with this chapter.

LC005945 - Page 15 of 33
1

(2) An individual who holds a valid certificate or license as a certified public accountant
2
from any state that the NASBA National Qualification Appraisal Service has not verified to be in
3
substantial equivalence with the CPA licensure requirements of the AICPA/NASBA Uniform
4
Accountancy Act shall be presumed to have qualifications substantially equivalent to this state’s
5
requirements and shall have all the privileges of certificate holders and licenses of this state without
6
the need to obtain a certificate or permit under this section if such individual obtains from the
7
NASBA National Qualification Appraisal Service verification that such individual’s CPA
8
qualifications are substantially equivalent to the CPA licensure requirements of the
9
AICPA/NASBA Uniform Accountancy Act. Any individual who passed the Uniform CPA
10
Examination and holds a valid license issued by any other state prior to January 1, 2012, may be
11
exempt from the education requirement in § 5-3.1-5(a)(3) for purposes of this section.
12

(3) Any individual licensee of another state exercising the privilege afforded under this
13
section and the CPA firm that employs that licensee hereby simultaneously consents, as a condition
14
of the granting of this privilege:
15

(i) To the personal and subject-matter jurisdiction and disciplinary authority of the board;
16

(ii) To comply with this chapter and the board’s rules;
17

(iii) That, in the event the certificate or license from the state of the individual’s principal
18
place of business is no longer valid, the individual will cease offering or rendering professional
19
services in this state individually and on behalf of a CPA firm; and
20

(iv) To the appointment of the board that issued their license as their agent upon whom
21
process may be served in any action or proceeding by this board against the licensee.
22

(4) A licensee of this state offering or rendering services or using their CPA title in another
23
state shall be subject to disciplinary action in this state for an act committed in another state for
24
which the licensee would be subject to discipline for an act committed in the other state.
25

5-3.1-8.
Permits for accountants licensed by foreign countries
Licenses for
26
accountants licensed by foreign countries.
27
(a)
An annual limited permit to engage in the practice of public accounting in this state

A
28
CPA license
may be issued by the board, upon application for the
permit

license
and payment of
29
the required fee, to any person who is the holder of a
certificate, license, or degree from a foreign
30
country constituting a recognized qualification for the practice of public accounting in that country

31
substantially equivalent foreign designation
, provided that:
32

(1) The board determines that the foreign designation:
33

(i) Was duly issued by a foreign authority that regulates the practice of public accountancy,
34
and the foreign designation has not expired or been revoked or suspended;

LC005945 - Page 16 of 33
1

(ii) Entitles the holder to issue reports upon financial statements; and
2

(iii) Was issued upon the basis of education, examination and experience requirements as
3
established by the foreign authority or by law;
4

(2) The applicant:
5

(i) Received the designation, based on educational and examination standards substantially
6
equivalent to those in effect in this state, at the time the foreign designation was granted;
7

(ii) Completed an experience requirement, substantially equivalent to the requirement set
8
out in § 5-3.1-5, in the jurisdiction which granted the foreign designation or has completed four (4)
9
years of professional experience in this state; or meets equivalent requirements prescribed by the
10
board by rule, within the ten (10) years immediately preceding the application; and
11

(iii) Passed a uniform qualifying examination in national standards and an examination on
12
the laws, regulations and code of ethical conduct in effect in this state as prescribed by the board
13
by rule.
14

(3) In making its determination regarding compliance with this section, the board may rely
15
on the recommendations of the International Qualifications Appraisal Board jointly established by
16
NASBA and AICPA to evaluate whether a foreign designation is substantially equivalent to the
17
credentialing standards used in the United States.
18

(1) The board determines that the requirements for obtaining the certificate, license, or
19
degree are substantially equivalent to those prescribed under this chapter for obtaining a certificate
20
in this state; (2) The certificate, license, or degree at the time of application is then in full force and
21
effect; and (3) The applicant meets all other requirements under this section.
22

(4)
In the event the board determines that the requirements for obtaining the certificate,
23
license, or degree are not substantially equivalent to those prescribed in this chapter for obtaining
24
a
certificate in this state, the board may require, as a condition to granting a permit under this
25
section, that the applicant pass the written examinations required of candidates

license, the
26
applicant shall be required to satisfy all requirements for initial licensure

for a certificate
under
§
27
5-3.1-5(a)(4)

§ 5-3.1-5
.
28

(b)
Any
permit

license
issued under this section shall be issued
in the name of the applicant
29
followed by the recognized accounting designation by which he or she is known in the country
30
where licensed, translated into the English language, followed by the name of the country. Annual
31
limited permits to engage in the practice of public accounting qualify the holder to practice public
32
accounting in this state solely as to matters concerning residents, governments, and corporations or
33
other business entities, including the divisions, subsidiaries, or any affiliates of the business entity,
34
of the foreign country in which the holder is licensed to practice public accounting. A person who

LC005945 - Page 17 of 33
1
is issued a permit under this section, when engaging in the practice of public accounting in this
2
state, shall only use the title under which he or she is generally known in his or her own country,
3
translated into the English language and indicating after the title the name of the country from
4
which he or she received his or her certificate, license, or degree.
5

(b) All annual limited permits issued under this section shall expire on the last day of June
6
of each year and may be renewed for a period of one year in accordance with subsection (c) of this
7
section.

in accordance with this chapter and shall be issued subject to the same terms and conditions,
8
fees, renewal and continuing education requirements set forth in § 5-3.1-7.

9

(c)
Submission of the application for original issuance or renewal of
an annual limited
10
permit

a license
constitutes the appointment of the secretary of state as an agent for the applicant
11
for service of process in any action or proceeding arising out of any transaction or operation
12
connected with or incidental to the practice of public accounting in this state by the applicant.
13

(c) Applications for renewal of an annual limited permit are submitted to the board by
14
February 15 of each year and shall be accompanied by evidence of satisfaction of the continuing
15
professional education requirements promulgated by board regulation. The evidence shall be in any
16
form that the board requires. Failure to furnish the evidence constitutes grounds for refusal to renew
17
the permit unless the board in its discretion determines that the failure was due to reasonable cause
18
or excusable neglect. Notwithstanding the preceding, the board, in its discretion, may waive the
19
above continuing education requirements if:
20

(1) The licensing authority of the foreign country in which the holder of the annual limited
21
permit is licensed has established requirements for continuing education for practitioners of public
22
accounting;
23

(2) The applicant has filed with the board an affidavit stating that he or she is in compliance
24
with those continuing education requirements at the time of the application for renewal; and
25

(3) The board determines that the continuing education requirements are substantially
26
equivalent to those promulgated by the board under this chapter.
27
(d) An application for a
permit

license
under this section shall list all other jurisdictions
,
28
foreign and domestic
in which the applicant has applied for or holds a
designation,
certificate,
29
license, or degree to practice public accountancy or a permit to practice. Each applicant for or
30
holder of a
permit

license
under this section shall, within thirty (30) days of the occurrence of the
31
event, notify the board in writing:
32
(1) Of the issuance, denial, revocation, or suspension of the certificate, license, degree, or
33
permit; or
34
(2) Of the commencement of any disciplinary or enforcement action against the applicant

LC005945 - Page 18 of 33
1
or holder by any jurisdiction.
2
(e) An applicant under this section shall
also list in the application the address of every
3
office established or maintained in this state for the limited practice of public accounting. All of
4
those offices shall be under the direct supervision of an accountant licensed either by this state or
5
by a foreign country who holds an annual limited permit to practice issued under this section, and
6
shall be designated by the name and title of the accountant. If applicable, the title is translated into
7
the English language and followed by the name of the foreign country where the accountant is
8
licensed. All applicants for or holders of a permit under this section shall notify the board, in
9
writing, within thirty (30) days of the occurrence of the event:
10

(1) Of any change in the number or location of offices within this state required to be listed
11
in the application; and
12

(2) Of any change in the identities of the persons supervising those offices.
13
comply with the practice unit requirements, as applicable, set forth in §§ 5-3.1-9 and 5-3.1-10.
14
(f) The board shall charge a fee to each person who makes application for original issuance
15
or renewal of a
permit

license
under this section. The fee shall be paid in U.S. currency at the time
16
the application is made. Fees charged under this section shall be established by the board.
17

5-3.1-9. Permits for practice units.
18
(a) Permits to engage in the practice of public accounting in this state as a practice unit
19
shall be issued by the board, upon application therefore and payment of the required fee, to an entity
20
that demonstrates its qualifications in accordance with this chapter
.

or to certified public accounting
21
firms originally licensed in another state that establish an office in this state. A practice unit must
22
hold a permit issued under this section in order to provide attest and compilation services as defined
23
or to use the title “CPAs” or “CPA firm.”

24

(b) The following entities must hold a permit issued under this section:
25

(1) Any firm with an office in this state performing attest or compilation services as defined
26
in § 5-3.1-3;
27

(2) Any firm with an office in this state that uses the title “CPA” or “CPA Firm”; or
28

(3) Any firm that does not have an office in this state but offers or renders attest or
29
compilation services, as defined in § 5-3.1-3, for clients in this state.
30

(c) A firm which is not subject to the requirements of subsection (b) of this section may
31
perform non-attest and non-compilation professional services while using the title “CPA” or “CPA
32
Firm” in this state without a permit issued under this section only if:
33

(1) It performs such services through an individual with individual mobility practice
34
privileges under § 5-3.1-5(f); and

LC005945 - Page 19 of 33
1

(2) It can lawfully do so in the state where said individuals with individual mobility practice
2
privileges have their principal place of business.
3

(d)
An applicant entity for initial issuance or renewal of a permit to practice under this
4
section shall be required to
register

identify
each office of the firm within this state with the board
5
and to show that all attest and compilation services as defined in this chapter rendered in this state
6
are under the charge of a person holding a valid
certificate

license
issued under this chapter, or the
7
corresponding provision of prior law or some other state.
8

(b)
(e)
An entity shall satisfy the following requirements:
9
(1) For corporations, general partnerships, joint ventures, limited-liability partnerships, and
10
limited-liability companies
and any entity not structured as a sole proprietorship
:
11
(i) The principal purpose and business of the
partnership

entity
must be to furnish public
12
accounting services to the public not inconsistent with this chapter and the rules and regulations of
13
the board;
14
(ii) A majority of the ownership of the entity, in terms of financial interests and voting
15
rights of all partners, shareholders, or members, belongs to holders of a
certificate who shall hold
16
a certificate and a permit

CPA license
from some state, and such partners, shareholders, or
17
members, whose principal place of business is in this state and who perform professional services
18
in this state, hold a valid
permit

license
issued under this chapter or are public accountants
19
registered under
§ 5-3.1-7

this chapter
. Although firms may include non-licensee owners, the firm
20
and its ownership and all parties must comply with rules promulgated by the board. For firms of
21
public accountants, a majority of the ownership of the firm, in terms of financial interests and voting
22
rights, must belong to holders of
public accountant
permits
and CPA licenses
under
this chapter.

§
23
5-3.1-7, and provided, that any

Any
such entity, as defined by this subsection, may include non-
24
licensee owners, provided that:
25
(A) The entity designates a licensee of this state who is responsible for the proper
26
registration of the firm and identifies that individual to the board;
27
(B) All non-licensee owners are active individual participants in the entity
or its affiliated
28
entities
;
29
(C) The entity complies with other requirements as the board may impose by rule;
30
(D) Any individual licensee who is responsible for supervising attest and compilation
31
services and signs or authorizes another licensee to sign the accountant’s report on the financial
32
statements on behalf of the firm, shall meet the experience requirements as set out in professional
33
standards for such services;
34
(E) Any individual licensee who signs or authorizes another licensee to sign the

LC005945 - Page 20 of 33
1
accountant’s report on the financial statements on behalf of the firm shall meet the experience
2
requirement as set out in professional standards for these services;
3
(iii) At least one partner, shareholder, or member must be a certified public accountant or
4
a public accountant holding
a certificate or authority under this chapter and a permit

license
to
5
practice in this state under
§ 5-3.1-7

this chapter
; and
6
(iv) The address of every office of the entity located in this state must be listed in the
7
application for the permit.
8
(2) For a sole proprietorship:
9
(i) The principal purpose and business of the sole proprietorship must be to furnish public
10
accounting services to the public not inconsistent with this chapter and the rules and regulations of
11
the board;
12
(ii) The sole proprietor must be a certified public accountant or a public accountant holding
13
a
certificate or authority

license
under this chapter
and a permit to practice in this state under § 5-
14
3.1-7
;
15
(iii) The address of every office of the sole proprietorship located in this state must be listed
16
in the application for the permit;
17
(iv) Any individual licensee who is responsible for supervising attest and compilation
18
services and signs or authorizes another licensee to sign the accountant’s report on the financial
19
statements on behalf of the sole proprietor shall meet the experience requirements as set out in
20
professional standards for these services; and
21
(v) Any individual licensee who signs or authorizes another licensee to sign the
22
accountant’s report on the financial statements on behalf of the firm shall meet the experience
23
requirement as set out in professional standards for these services.
24

(c)
(f)
Application for a permit under this section must be made upon the affidavit of the
25
partner, shareholder, member, or sole proprietor who holds a
permit

license
to practice in this state
26
under
§ 5-3.1-7

this chapter
as a certified public accountant or a public accountant. All applications
27
for a permit under this section must include, in addition to any other information required by this
28
chapter or by rule or regulation of the board to be stated in the application, a list of all other states
29
in which the entity has applied for or holds a permit. Upon receipt of the application, the board
30
shall determine whether the entity is eligible for a permit. In the event the board determines the
31
entity is ineligible for a permit under this section, that determination shall be stated in writing and
32
delivered to the applicant at the address that is stated in the application.
33

(d)
(g)
All applicants for, or holders of, a permit under this section shall notify the board in
34
writing within thirty (30) days of the occurrence of the event:

LC005945 - Page 21 of 33
1
(1) Of any change in the identities of the partners, officers, directors, or shareholders who
2
are personally engaged in this state in the practice of public accounting;
3
(2) Of any change in the number or location of offices within this state required to be listed
4
in the application pursuant to this section;
5
(3) Of any change in the identities of the persons supervising the offices;
6
(4) Of any issuance, denial, revocation, or suspension of a permit by any other state. The
7
board may prescribe fees that are to be paid by the applicants or holders upon the notification; and
8
(5) Of a reduction below a majority of the ownership in the entity in terms of financial
9
interests and voting rights.
10

(e)
(h)
All permits issued by the board under this section
subsequent to January 1, 2009,

11
shall be valid for a period of three (3) years and shall expire on the last day of June of the year in
12
which the permit is scheduled to expire unless the permit is renewed in accordance with the
13
provisions of this section.
To transition existing licensees to a three-year (3) licensing cycle, the
14
board shall have the authority and discretion in 2008 to issue permits under this section that are
15
valid for one, two (2), or three (3) years. All permits issued during 2008 shall expire upon the last
16
day of June of the year in which the permit is scheduled to expire. The board’s authority to issue
17
permits valid for one or two (2) years shall cease as of December 31, 2008.
18

Effective January 1, 2009, permits issued pursuant to this section may be renewed for a
19
period of three (3) years, and the renewed permit shall expire on the last day of June of the year in
20
which the renewed permit is scheduled to expire, unless the renewed permit is again renewed by
21
its holder.
All applications for renewal of permits under this section shall be submitted to the board
22
by
February 15

June 30
of the year in which a permit or renewed permit is scheduled to expire. All
23
applicants for permit renewal shall satisfy the peer-review requirements prescribed in § 5-3.1-10.
24

(f)
(i)
Fees to be paid upon application for initial issuance or renewal of a permit under this
25
section shall be established, from time to time, by the board. Fees shall be paid at the time the
26
application is filed with the board.
27

(g)
(j)
An annual permit to engage in the practice of public accounting in this state shall be
28
issued by the board, upon application for it and payment of the required fee, to the office of the
29
auditor general, provided the office is in compliance with § 5-3.1-10.
30

(h)
(k)
An entity that falls out of compliance with the provisions of this section due to
31
changes in firm ownership or personnel, after receiving or renewing a permit, shall take corrective
32
action to bring the firm into compliance as quickly as possible. The board may grant a reasonable
33
period of time for a firm to take the corrective action. Failure to bring the firm into compliance
34
within a reasonable period as defined by the board will result in the suspension or revocation of the

LC005945 - Page 22 of 33
1
permit.
2

(l) CPA firm mobility. Exercise of individual mobility practice privileges under § 5-3.1-
3
5(f) by an eligible CPA will not require the practice unit that the individual is associated with to
4
obtain a Rhode Island practice unit permit, so long as the practice unit complies with all applicable
5
provisions in this section and further provided that:
6

(1) The CPA firm shall be deemed to have consented to the personal and subject matter
7
jurisdiction and disciplinary authority of the board;
8

(2) The CPA firm must comply with all applicable provisions of this chapter and the board's
9
rules;
10

(3) In the event the practice unit permit or its equivalent issued by the jurisdiction of the
11
CPA firm’s principal place of business is no longer valid, the CPA firm will cease offering or
12
rendering professional services in this state;
13

(4) The CPA firm shall be deemed to have consented to the appointment of the board of
14
the jurisdiction of the CPA firm’s principal place of business as its agent upon whom process may
15
be served in any action or proceeding by this board against the firm; and
16

(5) The CPA firm must obtain a Rhode Island practice unit permit before establishing any
17
physical office in this state and/or offering attest or compilation services.
18

5-3.1-11. Hearing on denial by board.
19
Any person or practice unit aggrieved by a decision of the board not to: (1) issue a
20
certificate

under § 5-3.1-5

license
, (2) issue a
practice unit
permit
to practice under § 5-3.1-7, § 5-
21
3.1-8, or § 5-3.1-9
, or (3) renew
license or practice unit
any permit, as the case may be, may request
22
a hearing before the board on the denial. The request shall be in the form of a written petition,
23
containing any information that the board by rule or regulation requires, and shall be submitted to
24
the board within ten (10) days of the board’s written decision denying the
certificate, permit, or
25
renewal

license or practice unit permit
.
26

5-3.1-12.
Revocation or suspension of certificate, authority, or permit
Revocation or
27
suspension of license or practice unit.
28
(a) After notice and a hearing as provided in § 5-3.1-14, the board may:
29
(1) Suspend or revoke any
certificate

license
issued under
§ 5-3.1-5
,
this chapter
or any
30
predecessor provision, and any authority as a public accountant issued under the prior laws of this
31
state;
32
(2) Revoke or suspend any
practice unit
permit issued under
§ 5-3.1-7, § 5-3.1-8, § 5-3.1-
33
9

this chapter
, or their predecessor provisions; and
34
(3) Reprimand or censure in writing; limit the scope of practice; impose an administrative

LC005945 - Page 23 of 33
1
fine

penalty
upon, not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000); or place on probation, all with or
2
without terms, conditions, or limitations, a licensee, for any of the causes specified in subsection
3
(b).
4
(b) The board may take action specified in subsection (a) for any one or more of the
5
following causes:
6
(1) Fraud or deceit in obtaining a
certificate

license
or
practice unit
permit under this
7
chapter;
8
(2) Dishonesty, fraud, or gross negligence in the practice of public accounting or in the
9
filing, or failing to file, the licensee’s own income tax returns;
10
(3) Violation of any of the provisions of this chapter;
11
(4) Violation of any rules and regulations, including, but not limited to, any rules of
12
professional conduct promulgated by the board under the authority granted by this chapter;
13
(5) Conviction of, or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to, a crime or an act constituting a
14
crime of forgery, embezzlement, obtaining money under false pretenses, bribery, larceny, extortion,
15
conspiracy to defraud, misappropriation of funds, tax evasion, or any other similar offense, in a
16
court of competent jurisdiction of this or any other state or in federal court;
17
(6) Cancellation, revocation, or suspension of, or refusal to renew, the licensee’s
certificate

18
license
or
practice unit
permit from another state by the other state for any cause other than failure
19
to pay a fee or to meet the requirements of continuing education in that other state;
20
(7) Suspension or revocation of the right to practice public accounting before any state or
21
federal agency;
22
(8) As to accountants licensed by foreign countries, cancellation, revocation, suspension,
23
or refusal to renew the person’s certificate, license, or degree evidencing
his or her

their

24
qualification to practice public accounting by the foreign country issuing the certificate, license, or
25
degree, the certificate, license, or degree having qualified the accountant for issuance of
an annual
26
limited permit to practice

a license
under § 5-3.1-8;
27
(9) Failure to furnish the board, or any persons acting on behalf of the board, any
28
information that is legally requested by the board;
29
(10) Any conduct reflecting adversely upon the licensee’s fitness to engage in the practice
30
of public accountancy; and
31
(11) Any other conduct discreditable to the public accounting profession.
32

5-3.1-14. Initiation of proceedings — Hearings before board — Appeals — Notice to
33
other states.
34
(a) The board may initiate proceedings under this chapter against a licensee either on its

LC005945 - Page 24 of 33
1
own motion, on the complaint of any person, upon the finding of probable cause by a probable-
2
cause committee appointed by the board pursuant to § 5-3.1-4, or upon receiving notification from
3
another state board of accountancy of its decision to:
4
(1) Revoke, suspend, or refuse to renew the practice privileges granted in that state to the
5
licensee; or
6
(2) Censure in writing, limit the scope of practice, impose an administrative
fine

penalty

7
upon, or place on probation the licensee.
8
(b) A written notice stating the nature of the charge or charges against the licensee and the
9
time and place of the hearing before the board on the charges shall be served on the licensee not
10
less than twenty (20) days prior to the date of the hearing either personally or by mailing a copy of
11
the notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the address of the licensee last known to
12
the board.
13
(c) If, after being served with the notice of hearing as provided for in this section, the
14
licensee fails to appear at the hearing and to defend against the stated charges, the board may
15
proceed to hear evidence against the licensee and may enter an order that is justified by the
16
evidence. That order is final unless the licensee petitions for a review of it as provided in this
17
chapter; provided, that within thirty (30) days from the date of any order, upon a showing of good
18
cause for failing to appear and defend, the board may reopen the proceedings and may permit the
19
licensee to submit evidence in his, her, or its behalf.
20
(d)(1) At any hearing under this section, the licensee may:
21
(i) Appear in person or be represented by counsel;
22
(ii) Produce evidence and witnesses on his, her, or its behalf;
23
(iii) Cross-examine witnesses; and
24
(iv) Examine any evidence that is produced.
25
(2) A partnership may be represented before the board by counsel or by any partner. A
26
corporation may be represented before the board by counsel or by any shareholder or member of
27
the corporation. A sole proprietorship may be represented before the board by counsel or by the
28
sole proprietor. The licensee is entitled, on written application to the board, to the issuance of
29
subpoenas to compel the attendance of witnesses on the licensee’s behalf.
30
(e) The board or any member of the board may issue subpoenas to compel the attendance
31
of witnesses and the production of documents, and may administer oaths, take testimony, hear
32
proofs, and receive exhibits in evidence in connection with or upon a hearing under this chapter. In
33
case of disobedience to a subpoena, the board may petition the superior court to require the
34
attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of documentary evidence.

LC005945 - Page 25 of 33
1
(f) The board shall not be bound by strict rules of procedure or by the laws of evidence in
2
the conduct of its proceedings, but any determination of the board shall be based upon sufficient
3
legal evidence to sustain the determination.
4

(g) A stenographic record of all hearings under this section shall be kept and a transcript
5
filed with the board.
6
(h) At all hearings, the attorney general of this state, or any other legal counsel that is
7
assigned or
employed, shall appear and represent the board.
8
(i) The decision of the board shall be made by vote in accordance with rules and regulations
9
established under § 5-3.1-4.
10
(j) Any appeal from the decision of the board, by a person or persons adversely affected by
11
the decision, shall be governed by § 42-35-15.
12
(k) On rendering a decision to: (1) Revoke or suspend a
certificate

license
issued under the
13
laws of this state; (2) Revoke or suspend an authority as a public accountant issued under the prior
14
laws of this state; (3) Revoke, suspend, or refuse to renew a permit issued under the laws of this
15
state; or (4) Censure in writing, limit the scope of practice of, impose an administrative
fine

penalty

16
upon, or place on probation a licensee, the board shall examine its records to determine whether
17
the licensee holds a
certificate

license
or a permit to practice in any other state. If the board
18
determines that the licensee in fact holds a
certificate

license
or permit, the board shall immediately
19
notify the board of accountancy of the other state
by mail
of its decision under this section, and
20
shall include in the notice an indication as to whether or not the licensee has appealed that decision.
21
In the alternative, the board may report such disciplinary actions to a multistate enforcement
22
information network.
23

(l)
(k)
The board may, in its discretion, order any licensee against whom proceedings have
24
been initiated under § 5-3.1-12 or § 5-3.1-13 to reimburse the board for any fees, expenses, and
25
costs incurred by the board in connection with those proceedings, including attorney’s fees. Those
26
fees shall be paid within thirty (30) days from the date they are assessed and may be reviewed in
27
accordance with § 42-35-15.
28

5-3.1-15. Reinstatement.
29
(a) Upon application in writing or after hearing pursuant to notice, the board may:
30
(1) Reissue a
certificate

license
to a certified public accountant whose
certificate

license

31
has been revoked or suspended;
32
(2) Reissue an authority to a public accountant whose authority has been revoked or
33
suspended; and
34
(3) Modify the suspension of or reissue any
practice unit
permit that has been revoked or

LC005945 - Page 26 of 33
1
suspended or that the board has previously refused to renew.
2
(b) The board shall specify by rule the manner in which applications under this section are
3
made; the time within which they are made; and the circumstances in which hearings will be held
4
on the applications.
5

5-3.1-16. Acts declared unlawful.
6
(a) Except as permitted by the board pursuant to § 5-3.1-18(b), no person shall hold
himself
7
or herself

themself
out to the public as a certified public accountant or assume or use the designation
8
“certified public accountant” or “CPA” or any other title, designation, words, letters, abbreviation,
9
sign, card, or device tending to indicate that the person is a certified public accountant or CPA,
10
unless that person has been issued a permit to practice under
§ 5-3.1-7

this chapter or exercising
11
individual mobility practice privileges under § 5-3.1-5(f)
.
12
(b) No entity shall provide attest or compilation services or assume or use the designation
13
“certified public accountants” or “CPAs” or any other title, designation, words, letters,
14
abbreviation, sign, card, or device tending to indicate that the practice unit is composed of certified
15
public accountants or CPAs, unless:
16
(1) The practice unit holds a permit to practice
or qualifies for firm mobility
under § 5-3.1-
17
9;
and
18
(2) Ownership of the firm is in accord with this chapter and rules promulgated by the board.
19
(c) No person shall hold
himself or herself

themself
out to the public as a public accountant,
20
or assume or use the designation “public accountant” or “PA” or any other title, designation, words,
21
letters, abbreviation, sign, card, or device tending to indicate that the person is a public accountant
22
or PA, unless that person holds an authority as a public accountant and a permit to practice in this
23
state issued under
§ 5-3.1-7

§ 5-3.1-6
. This subsection does not apply to those persons qualified
24
under subsection (a) of this section to hold themselves out to the public as certified public
25
accountants and to use the designation “certified public accountant” or “CPA.”
26
(d) No entity shall provide attest or compilation services or assume or use the designation
27
“public accountants” or “PAs” or any other title, designation, words, letters, abbreviation, sign,
28
card, or device tending to indicate that the practice unit is composed of public accountants or PAs,
29
unless the practice unit holds a permit to practice under § 5-3.1-9.
30
(e) No person or entity not holding a valid permit shall assume or use the title or designation
31
“certified accountant,” “chartered accountant,” “enrolled accountant,” “licensed accountant,”
32
“registered accountant,” “accredited accountant,” or any other title or designation likely to be
33
confused with “certified public accountant” or “public accountant,” any of the abbreviations “CA,”
34
“RA,” “LA,” “AA,” or similar abbreviation likely to be confused with “CPA” or “PA”; provided,

LC005945 - Page 27 of 33
1
that anyone who holds a
permit to practice

license
under
§ 5-3.1-7

this chapter
may hold
himself
2
or herself

themself
out to the public as an “accountant” or “auditor.” The title “Enrolled Agent” or
3
the abbreviation “EA” may only be used by those individuals so designated by the Internal Revenue
4
Service. In addition, the board may at its discretion allow titles or abbreviations to be used that do
5
not mislead the public and for which appropriate certification or accreditation by a national
6
organization can be demonstrated.
7
(f) No person or entity shall prepare or attempt to prepare, or sign, affix, or associate the
8
person’s or entity’s name or any trade name used by
him, her,

the person
or
it

entity
in the person’s
9
or entity’s business or profession or practice unit to any attest or compilation reports unless the
10
individual holds a
permit to practice

license issued
under
§ 5-3.1-7 or § 5-3.1-8

this chapter
,
or is
11
exercising individual mobility practice privileges under § 5-3.1-5(f)
and unless the practice unit
12
holds a permit to practice
or qualifies for firm mobility
under § 5-3.1-9.
13
(g)
No

Unless authorized by this chapter no
person or entity not holding a
license or
permit
14
to practice under this chapter shall hold
himself, herself

themself
, or
itself

the entity
out to the
15
public as an “accountant” or “auditor,” whether or not the term is accompanied by any other
16
description or designation, on any sign, card, or letterhead, or in any advertisement or directory.
17
(h) No person
or entity
holding a permit shall assume or use a professional or firm name
18
or designation that is misleading about the legal form of the firm, or the persons who are partners,
19
officers, members, managers, or shareholders of the firm, or about any other matter; provided,
20
however, that names of one or more former partners, members, managers, or shareholders may be
21
included in the name of a firm or its successor.
22
(i) No person or entity shall hold
himself, herself, or itself

themselves or the entity
out to
23
the public as being qualified for the practice of public accounting unless
the person or entity holds
24
a permit to practice

authorized
under this chapter.
25
(j) The provisions of subsections (a), (c), and (e) of this section do not prohibit any
26
accountant licensed by a foreign country who holds
an annual limited permit

a license
to engage in
27
the practice of public accounting under § 5-3.1-8 from using the accounting designation by which
28
he or she is

they are
known in
his or her

their
own country, translated into the English language,
29
followed by the name of the country from which
his or her

their
certificate, license, or degree was
30
issued, as required by § 5-3.1-8.
31
(k) Any person or practice unit found to have violated any provision of this section by a
32
court of competent jurisdiction is liable to the board for reasonable attorney’s fees in connection
33
with the proceeding in which the finding was made.
34
(l)(1) A licensee, practice unit, or affiliated entity shall not directly or indirectly for a

LC005945 - Page 28 of 33
1
commission, recommend or refer to a client any product or service, or for a commission,
2
recommend or refer any product or service to be supplied by a client, or receive a commission,
3
when the licensee, practice unit, or affiliated entity also performs for that client any attest or
4
compilation services or reports. This prohibition applies during the period in which the licensee or
5
practice unit or affiliated entity is engaged to perform any services listed above and the period
6
covered by any historical financial statements involved in such listed services.
7
(2) A licensee, practice unit, or affiliated entity who or that is not prohibited by this section
8
from performing services for or receiving a commission, and who is paid or expects to be paid a
9
commission, shall disclose that fact to any person or entity to whom the licensee, practice unit, or
10
affiliated entity recommends or refers a product or service to which the commission relates. The
11
disclosure must be made in writing contemporaneously with or prior to the referral or
12
recommendation.
13
(3) Any licensee, practice unit, or affiliated entity who or that accepts a referral fee for
14
recommending or referring any service of a licensee to any person or entity or who pays a referral
15
fee to obtain a client shall disclose the acceptance or payment to the client. The disclosure must be
16
made, in writing, contemporaneously with or prior to the referral or recommendation.
17
(4) For purposes of this subsection (l), an “affiliated entity” is defined as an entity in which
18
the licensee, and/or any member and/or employee of the practice unit, has more than an aggregate
19
twenty percent (20%) direct or indirect financial interest.
20
(5) A licensee or practice unit in public practice who or that is not prohibited by this section
21
from performing service for or receiving a commission shall comply with all applicable federal and
22
state securities laws, rules promulgated thereunder, and registration requirements.
23
(m)(1) A licensee, practice unit, or affiliated entity shall not: perform for a contingent fee
24
any professional services for, or receive such a fee from, a client for whom the licensee or practice
25
unit performs any attest or compilation services or reports; or prepare an original or amended tax
26
return or claim for a tax refund for a contingent fee for any client.
27
(2) The prohibitions in subsection (l)(1) apply during the period in which the licensee is
28
engaged to perform any of the services listed above and the period covered by any historical
29
financial statements involved in any such listed services.
30
(3) Except as stated in the next sentence, a “contingent fee” is a fee established for the
31
performance of any service pursuant to an arrangement in which no fee will be charged unless a
32
specified finding or result is attained, or in which the amount of the fee is otherwise dependent
33
upon the finding or result of such service. Solely for purposes of this section, fees are not regarded
34
as being contingent if fixed by courts or other public authorities, or, in tax matters, if determined

LC005945 - Page 29 of 33
1
based on the results of judicial proceedings or the findings of governmental agencies. A licensee’s
2
fees may vary depending, for example, on the complexity of services rendered.
3
(4) For purposes of this subsection (m), an “affiliated entity” is defined as any entity in
4
which the licensee, or any member or employee of the practice unit, has more than an aggregate
5
twenty percent (20%) direct or indirect financial interest.
6
(5) Any licensee who receives a contingent fee pursuant to this section shall comply with
7
all applicable federal and state securities laws, rules promulgated thereunder,
and
registration
8
requirements
, and the code of professional conduct adopted by this board by rule
.
9

5-3.1-18. Exceptions — Acts not prohibited.
10
(a) Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed as prohibiting any person not a
11
certified public accountant or public accountant from serving as an employee of or an assistant to
12
a licensee; provided, that the employee or assistant shall not issue any accounting or financial
13
statement or report over
his or her

their
name.
14
(b) Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed as prohibiting any person who is
15
the holder of a
certificate or permit

license
issued by this state or any other state that has not been
16
revoked or suspended by the board or board of accountancy of the other state from assuming or
17
using the designation “certified public accountant” or “CPA” or any other title, designation, words,
18
letters, sign, card, or device tending to indicate that the person is a certified public accountant;
19
provided, that the provisions of this subsection shall not be construed to authorize the use of those
20
designations in connection with the practice of public accounting in this state unless the person
21
using the designations holds a
permit to practice

license
issued by the board.
22
(c) Nothing contained in this chapter or in any other law of this state shall be construed as
23
prohibiting a licensee or any employee of a licensee from disclosing any information in confidence
24
to other licensees engaged in conducting peer reviews, or any of their employees or agents, in
25
connection with peer reviews that are conducted under the auspices of a recognized professional
26
association or under this chapter.
27
(d) Nothing contained in this chapter or in any other law of this state shall be construed as
28
prohibiting a licensee or any employee of a licensee from disclosing any information in confidence
29
to any employee, representative, officer, or committee member of a recognized professional
30
association or to the board or any of its employees or committees in connection with a professional
31
ethics investigation held under the auspices of the professional association or the board.
32
(e) The provisions of § 5-3.1-16(f) and (g) do not prohibit any officer, employee, partner,
33
or principal of any entity from affixing
his or her

their
signature to any statement or report in
34
reference to the affairs of that entity with any wording designating the position, title, or office that

LC005945 - Page 30 of 33
1
he or she holds

they hold
in that entity, or from describing
himself or herself

themself
by the
2
position, title, or office that
he or she holds

they hold
in the entity; nor do those provisions prohibit
3
any act of a public official or a public employee in the performance of
his or her

their
duties as a
4
public official or public employee.
5
(f) Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed as prohibiting any person or entity
6
not holding a permit under this chapter from offering or rendering to the public bookkeeping
7
services, including devising and installing systems; recording and presentation of financial
8
information or data; preparing financial statements or similar services; preparation of tax returns;
9
or the furnishing of advice on tax matters; provided, that no person or entity shall perform a report
10
on any attest or compilation services nor shall any person or entity attempt to prepare or prepare a
11
report in any manner having the appearance or import of any attest or compilation report
12
enumerated in this subsection so as to mislead the public.
13

5-3.1-19.
Injunction against unlawful acts
Cease and desist authority – Injunction
14
against unlawful acts.
15

(a) If the board has reason to believe that any person, firm, corporation, or association is
16
conducting any activities requiring licensure under this chapter without obtaining a license or
17
practice unit permit, or who after the denial, suspension, or revocation of a license or practice unit
18
permit conducts any activities requiring licensure under this chapter, the board may issue its order
19
to that person, firm, corporation, or association commanding them to appear before the board at a
20
hearing to be held not sooner than ten (10) days nor later than twenty (20) days after issuance of
21
that order to show cause why the board should not issue an order to that person to cease and desist
22
from the violation of the provisions of this chapter.
23

(1) The order to show cause may be served on any person, firm, corporation, or association
24
named in the order in the same manner that a summons in a civil action may be served, or by
25
mailing a copy of the order, certified mail, return receipt requested, to that person at any address at
26
which the person has done business or at which they live. If upon that hearing the board is satisfied
27
that the person is in fact violating any provision of this chapter, then the board may order that
28
person, in writing, to cease and desist from that violation.
29

(2) All hearings shall be governed in accordance with chapter 35 of title 42 (“administrative
30
procedures”). If that person fails to comply with an order of the board after being afforded a hearing,
31
the superior court in Providence has jurisdiction upon complaint of the board to restrain and enjoin
32
that person from violating this chapter.
33

(b)
Whenever, in the judgment of the board, any person or entity has engaged, or is about
34
to engage, in any acts or practices that constitute, or will constitute, a violation of this chapter, the

LC005945 - Page 31 of 33
1
board may make application to the superior court for an order enjoining those acts or practices.
2
Upon a showing by the board that the person or entity has engaged, or is about to engage, in any of
3
those acts or practices, an injunction, restraining order, or any other order that may be appropriate
4
shall be granted by the court without bond. In any instance of the granting of an injunction or order
5
by the superior court under this section, the court shall award the board reasonable attorney’s fees.
6

5-3.1-20. Penalty for violations.
7

(a) Administrative penalties:
8

(1) After notice and hearing as provided in § 5-3.1-14, the board is authorized to impose
9
an administrative penalty not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000) for each violation of this
10
chapter or the board’s rules and regulations by a licensee or practice unit.
11

(2) Unregistered activity: If a person or business entity practices or offers to practice public
12
accounting in this state in violation of this chapter, the board, after notice and hearing in accordance
13
with this chapter and chapter 35 of title 42, may issue an order imposing an administrative penalty
14
not exceeding two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) for each violation.
15

(3) When assessing penalties, the board shall set the amount after taking into account
16
factors including, but not limited to the seriousness of the violation; the economic benefit resulting
17
from the violation; the history of violations; and other matters the board considers appropriate.
18

(a)
(b)

Criminal penalties.
Any person or entity who or that violates any provision of this
19
chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, shall be subject to:
20
(1) In the case of an individual, a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or
21
imprisonment for not more than one year, or both; or
22
(2) In the case of an entity, a fine of not more than five thousand dollars ($5,000).
23

(b)
(c)
Whenever the board has reason to believe that any person or entity is liable to
24
punishment under this section, it may certify the facts to the attorney general of this state who may,
25
in
his or her

their
discretion, cause appropriate proceedings to be brought.
26
SECTION 2. This act shall take effect upon passage.
========
LC005945
========

LC005945 - Page 32 of 33
EXPLANATION
BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL
OF
A N A C T
RELATING TO BUSINESSES AND PROFESSIONS -- PUBLIC ACCOUNTANCY
***
1
This act would update the state’s public accountancy act for consistency with the 9th
2
edition of the Uniform Accountancy Act, as issued by NASBA and AICPA in July 2025.
3
This act would take effect upon passage.
========
LC005945
========

LC005945 - Page 33 of 33