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HB0322 • 2026

Criminal Offenses

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 39, relative to criminal offenses.

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Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Todd, Taylor
Last action
2025-05-15
Official status
Comp. became Pub. Ch. 424
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The bill summary and text do not provide specific enforcement mechanisms or funding details.

Tennessee Human Smuggling Law

This law makes human smuggling a criminal offense in Tennessee and gives the attorney general powers to take legal action against organizations involved in human trafficking.

What This Bill Does

  • Adds human smuggling as a criminal offense, punishable by up to six years in prison or a fine of $3,000 for those who transport or encourage illegal entry of individuals into the U.S. for financial gain.
  • Defines 'human trafficking offenses' to include promoting prostitution involving minors but excludes human smuggling from this definition.
  • Gives the attorney general power to take legal action against organizations involved in human trafficking by restraining their actions, canceling licenses, appointing receivers, or dissolving them.
  • Makes it a misdemeanor offense for individuals to harbor or hide people who have entered or remained illegally in the U.S., with fines of $1,000 per person.

Who It Names or Affects

  • People involved in human smuggling activities
  • Organizations that may be involved in human trafficking or related crimes
  • The attorney general's office

Terms To Know

Human Smuggling
Transporting or encouraging illegal entry of individuals into the U.S. for financial gain.
Organization
Includes various business and non-profit entities that can be involved in human trafficking offenses.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The law does not specify how it will be enforced or funded.
  • It is unclear what specific actions the attorney general may take beyond those listed.
  • The effective date of July 1, 2025, means that any offenses committed before this date are not covered by these new provisions.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

Amendment 1-0 to HB0322

Plain English: The amendment adds new sections to Tennessee law regarding human trafficking offenses and smuggling, allowing for legal actions against individuals and organizations involved in such activities.

  • Adds a definition of 'organization' which includes various business structures like LLCs, corporations, not-for-profit entities, partnerships, trusts, estates, and joint ventures.
  • Expands the list of human trafficking offenses to include patronizing prostitution and promoting the prostitution of minors.
  • Introduces new legal actions that the attorney general can take against individuals or organizations involved in human trafficking offenses, such as restraining orders, dissolving an organization, or appointing a receiver.
  • Establishes new felony offenses for human smuggling and aggravated human smuggling.
  • The amendment text does not provide specific details on how the new legal actions will be implemented or enforced.
Amendment 2-0 to HB0322

Plain English: This amendment adds a new section to HB0322 that allows attorneys and certain other legal professionals to give legal advice to individuals who have entered the U.S. illegally without violating the act.

  • Adds an exception for licensed attorneys, DOJ accredited representatives, and their employees or volunteers to provide legal advice to people who are in the country illegally.
  • The amendment does not specify what kind of legal advice is allowed or how it will be regulated.
  • It's unclear if this exception applies only to certain types of cases or all situations involving illegal entry.
Amendment 3-0 to HB0322

Plain English: The amendment changes the definition of 'organization' in Tennessee law to include more types of business and legal entities.

  • Adds a new subdivision to Section 39-13-314(a) of Tennessee Code Annotated, expanding the definition of 'organization' to include limited liability companies, corporations, business trusts, estates, general partnerships, limited partnerships, registered or unregistered limited liability partnerships, trusts, and joint ventures.
  • The amendment text does not specify how this expanded definition will be used in the context of criminal offenses.
  • It is unclear what specific changes to existing laws or penalties this amendment might cause.
Amendment 1-0 to SB0392

Plain English: The amendment adds new sections to Tennessee law regarding human trafficking offenses and human smuggling, including penalties for organizations involved in such activities.

  • Adds a definition of 'organization' which includes various business entities like corporations and partnerships.
  • Allows the attorney general to take legal action against individuals or organizations suspected of committing human trafficking offenses.
  • Establishes new felony charges for human smuggling, with penalties including fines and potential dissolution of organizations involved.
  • Provides exceptions for healthcare providers and attorneys who provide services to undocumented immigrants.
  • The exact impact on current laws and enforcement practices is not fully explained in the amendment text.
Amendment 2-0 to SB0392

Plain English: This amendment updates Tennessee's criminal code by adding new sections related to human trafficking and smuggling, giving more power to the attorney general to take legal action against organizations involved in these crimes.

  • Adds a new section (39-17-118) defining human smuggling as knowingly transporting individuals who have illegally entered or remained in the United States for commercial advantage or private financial gain, with penalties ranging from Class E felony to Class A felony depending on circumstances.
  • Expands the definition of 'human trafficking offense' to include promoting prostitution and promoting the prostitution of a minor.
  • Adds definitions for 'organization' which includes various business structures like LLCs, corporations, trusts, etc.
  • Gives the attorney general authority to take legal action against individuals or organizations involved in human trafficking offenses.
  • The exact impact and enforcement details of these changes are not fully explained in the amendment text.
Amendment 3-0 to SB0392

Plain English: The amendment adds new sections to Tennessee law regarding human trafficking and smuggling, allowing for legal actions against individuals and organizations involved in these crimes.

  • Adds a definition of 'organization' which includes various business structures like LLCs, corporations, and partnerships.
  • Allows the attorney general to take legal action against persons or organizations suspected of committing human trafficking offenses.
  • Creates new felony offenses for human smuggling, including penalties for those who transport individuals illegally in the U.S. with intent to conceal them from law enforcement.
  • The exact impact and implementation details are not fully explained in the amendment text.
Amendment 4-0 to SB0392

Plain English: The amendment updates Tennessee's criminal code by adding new sections related to human trafficking and smuggling, and expands definitions and penalties for these crimes.

  • Adds a new section (39-17-118) defining the crime of human smuggling as knowingly transporting an individual who has illegally entered or remained in the United States with intent to conceal them from law enforcement, making it a Class E felony. Aggravated human smuggling, involving victims under 13 years old, is defined as a Class A felony.
  • Expands the definition of 'human trafficking offense' to include patronizing and promoting prostitution, and promoting the prostitution of minors.
  • Adds definitions for 'organization', including various business entities like corporations and partnerships.
  • Gives the attorney general new powers to take legal action against individuals or organizations suspected of human trafficking.
  • The exact impact on current laws and enforcement practices is not fully detailed in this amendment text.

Bill History

  1. 2025-05-15 Tennessee General Assembly

    Comp. became Pub. Ch. 424

  2. 2025-05-15 Tennessee General Assembly

    Effective date(s) 07/01/2025

  3. 2025-05-15 Tennessee General Assembly

    Pub. Ch. 424

  4. 2025-05-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Signed by Governor.

  5. 2025-05-01 Tennessee General Assembly

    Transmitted to Governor for action.

  6. 2025-04-30 Tennessee General Assembly

    Signed by H. Speaker

  7. 2025-04-29 Tennessee General Assembly

    Signed by Senate Speaker

  8. 2025-04-25 Tennessee General Assembly

    Enrolled and ready for signatures

  9. 2025-04-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  10. 2025-04-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    Comp. SB subst.

  11. 2025-04-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed H., Ayes 73, Nays 22, PNV 0

  12. 2025-04-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    Am. reconsidered, withdrawn. (Amendment 1 - HA0367)

  13. 2025-04-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    H. adopted am. (Amendment 1 - HA0367)

  14. 2025-04-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    Subst. for comp. HB.

  15. 2025-04-21 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rcvd. from S., held on H. desk.

  16. 2025-04-17 Tennessee General Assembly

    H. Placed on Regular Calendar for 4/21/2025

  17. 2025-04-17 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. Calendar & Rules Committee for 4/17/2025

  18. 2025-04-17 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rec. for pass; ref to Calendar & Rules Committee

  19. 2025-04-17 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rec. for pass by s/c ref. to Finance, Ways, and Means Committee

  20. 2025-04-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee for 4/17/2025

  21. 2025-04-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Engrossed; ready for transmission to House

  22. 2025-04-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed Senate as amended, Ayes 26, Nays 6

  23. 2025-04-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Amendment withdrawn. (Amendment 1 - SA0396)

  24. 2025-04-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Amendment tabled (Amendment 4 - SA0434)

  25. 2025-04-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Senate adopted Amendment (Amendment 3 - SA0418)

  26. 2025-04-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Amendment withdrawn. (Amendment 2 - SA0411)

  27. 2025-04-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  28. 2025-04-15 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  29. 2025-04-14 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee for 4/14/2025

  30. 2025-04-14 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed behind the budget

  31. 2025-04-14 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Regular Calendar for 4/16/2025

  32. 2025-04-14 Tennessee General Assembly

    Senate Reset on calendar for 4/16/2025

  33. 2025-04-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Regular Calendar for 4/14/2025

  34. 2025-04-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee for 4/14/2025

  35. 2025-04-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Assigned to s/c Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee

  36. 2025-04-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rec. for pass. if am., ref. to Finance, Ways, and Means Committee

  37. 2025-04-08 Tennessee General Assembly

    Recommended for passage with amendment/s, refer to Senate Calendar Committee Ayes 5, Nays 2 PNV 0

  38. 2025-04-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  39. 2025-04-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. Judiciary Committee for 4/9/2025

  40. 2025-04-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Action def. in Judiciary Committee to 4/9/2025

  41. 2025-04-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Judiciary Committee calendar for 4/8/2025

  42. 2025-03-27 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  43. 2025-03-26 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. Judiciary Committee for 4/2/2025

  44. 2025-03-26 Tennessee General Assembly

    Action def. in Judiciary Committee to 4/02/2025

  45. 2025-03-25 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  46. 2025-03-19 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. Judiciary Committee for 3/26/2025

  47. 2025-03-19 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  48. 2025-03-19 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rec for pass if am by s/c ref. to Judiciary Committee

  49. 2025-03-19 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  50. 2025-03-17 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  51. 2025-03-14 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  52. 2025-03-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Criminal Justice Subcommittee for 3/19/2025

  53. 2025-03-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Action Def. in s/c Criminal Justice Subcommittee to 3/19/2025

  54. 2025-03-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  55. 2025-03-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor change.

  56. 2025-03-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) withdrawn.

  57. 2025-03-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  58. 2025-03-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Criminal Justice Subcommittee for 3/12/2025

  59. 2025-03-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Action Def. in s/c Criminal Justice Subcommittee to 3/12/2025

  60. 2025-02-26 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Criminal Justice Subcommittee for 3/5/2025

  61. 2025-02-20 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  62. 2025-02-19 Tennessee General Assembly

    Meeting Canceled

  63. 2025-02-18 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  64. 2025-02-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Criminal Justice Subcommittee for 2/19/2025

  65. 2025-02-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  66. 2025-02-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed on Second Consideration, refer to Senate Judiciary Committee

  67. 2025-02-10 Tennessee General Assembly

    Introduced, Passed on First Consideration

  68. 2025-02-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    Assigned to s/c Criminal Justice Subcommittee

  69. 2025-02-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    P2C, ref. to Judiciary Committee

  70. 2025-01-28 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

  71. 2025-01-27 Tennessee General Assembly

    Intro., P1C.

  72. 2025-01-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

Official Summary Text

VIOLATIONS BY CORPORATIONS

Present law authorizes a corporation to be prosecuted for an act or omission involving trafficking persons for forced labor or services or trafficking for commercial sex act constituting a crime u
nder state kidnapping and false imprisonment law only if (i) an agent of the corporation performs the conduct that is an element of the crime while acting within the scope of the agent's office or employment and on behalf of the corporation and (ii) the c
o
mmission of the crime was either authorized, requested, commanded, performed or within the scope of the agent's employment on behalf of the corporation or constituted a pattern of illegal activity that an agent of the company knew or should have known was

occurring.
Beginning July 1, 2025, this bill also authorizes a corporation to be so prosecuted for an act or omission involving human smuggling, as detailed in this bill.

HUMAN TRAFFICKING OFFENSE

Present law provides that "human trafficking offense" m
eans the commission of any act that constitutes the criminal offense of involuntary labor servitude, trafficking persons for forced labor or services, trafficking for commercial sex act, patronizing prostitution, or promoting prostitution. This bill adds

that promoting the prostitution of a minor and human smuggling are also considered "human trafficking offenses."

In addition to any other remedy, if the attorney general has reason to believe that any person or organization is committing, has committed,
or is about to commit a human trafficking offense or aggravated human trafficking, then this bill authorizes the attorney general to bring an action in the appropriate state court against the person or organization to do any of the following:



Restrain the person's or organization's actions by temporary restraining order or temporary or permanent injunction.



Cancel, revoke, or terminate any certificate of formation, certificate of incorporation, articles of organization, trust instrument, certificate of authority to transact business, license, permit, approval, charter, or registration to transact business of the person or organization.



Appoint a receiver for the organization.



Involuntarily dissolve the organization.

For purposes of the above provisions
and the offense of human trafficking, this bill clarifies that an "organization" includes, whether foreign or domestic, limited liability companies, corporations, not-for-profit corporations, profit and not-for-profit unincorporated associations, busines
s
trusts, estates, general partnerships, limited partnerships, registered or unregistered limited liability partnerships, trusts, or joint ventures.

AGGRAVATED HUMAN TRAFFICKING OFFENSE

Present law provides that aggravated human trafficking is the
commission of an act if the victim of the criminal offense is under 13 and involves any of the offenses of (i) involuntary labor servitude, (ii) trafficking persons for forced labor or services, (iii) trafficking for commercial sex act, (iv) patronizing p
r
ostitution, (v) promoting prostitution, or (vi) human smuggling. This bill adds that aggravated human trafficking includes the commission of an act if the victim of the criminal offense is under 13 and involves the offense of human smuggling.

HUMAN SMUGG
LING OFFENSE

This bill provides that a person commits the Class E felony offense of human smuggling, punishable by not less than one year or no more than six years imprisonment and a fine of up to $3,000, or both, if person knowingly does either of the f
ollowing:



Transports 10 or more persons 18 or older or five or more minors for the purpose of commercial advantage or private financial gain, with the intent to conceal the individuals from a law enforcement officer or a federal immigration officer, while knowing the persons 18 or older or minors have illegally entered or remained in the United States, as determined by the bureau of immigration and customs enforcement of the United States department of homeland security.



Encourages or induces 10 or more persons 18 or older or five or more minors to enter or remain in this state in violation of federal law, as determined by the bureau of immigration and customs enforcement of the United States department of homeland security, by concealing, harboring, or shielding those persons from detection.

HARBORING OR HIDING INDIVIDUALS OFFENSE

This bill provides that it is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable only by a fine of $1,000 for each person harbored or hidden, for a person to harbor or hide, or to assist anoth
er in harboring or hiding, within this state an individual who the person knows or should have known has illegally entered or remained in the United States, as determined by the bureau of immigration and customs enforcement of the United States department

of homeland security.

ON APRIL 16, 2025, THE SENATE ADOPTED AMENDMENT #3 AND PASSED SENATE BILL 392, AS AMENDED.

AMENDMENT #3 makes the following revisions:



Removes human smuggling from constituting a human trafficking offense.



Establishes the offense of human smuggling, which exists when a person, for
the purpose of commercial advantage or private financial gain
, either
:



Knowingly transports an individual with intent to conceal the individual from a law enforcement officer or a federal immigration officer, while knowing the individual has illegally entered or remained in the United States, as determined by the bureau of immigration and customs enforcement of the United States department of homeland security
.



Intentionally conceals, harbors, or shields from detection, or intentionally encourages or induces another to conceal, harbor, or shield from detection, an individual that the person knows has illegally entered or remained in the United States, as determined by the bureau of immigration and customs enforcement of the United States department of homeland security.



Provides that such offense is generally a Class E felony. However, a
person commits aggravated human smuggling
, a Class A felony,
who commits the offense of human smuggling, and the victim of the offense was less than 13 at any time during the person's course of conduct.



Defines, for purposes of the bill, "
harbor
"

as
provid
ing
shelter to or conceal
ing
the whereabouts of an individual whom the person knows has illegally entered or remained in the United States, as determined by the bureau of immigration and customs enforcement of the United States department of homeland security.



Clarifies that it is not a violation of human smuggling for
(i) an attorney licensed and admitted to the practice of law in this state to provide bona fide legal advice to an individual; or
(ii) a
person to provide healthcare services or assistance to an individual presenting at a healthcare facility licensed
in this state,
or the office or other practice site of a healthcare provider licensed, registered, certified, or otherwise permitted to deliver healthcare services.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
SENATE BILL 392
By Taylor

HOUSE BILL 322
By Todd

HB0322
001249
- 1 -

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 39,
relative to criminal offenses.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:
SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 39-13-311, is amended by deleting
"§§ 39-13-308 and 39-13-309" and substituting "§§ 39-13-308, 39-13-309, and 39-17-118".
SECTION 2. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 39-13-314(a)(1), is amended by
deleting the subdivision and substituting:
(1) "Human trafficking offense" means the commission of any act that constitutes
the criminal offense of:
(A) Involuntary labor servitude, under § 39-13-307;
(B) Trafficking persons for forced labor or services, under § 39-13-308;
(C) Trafficking for commercial sex act, under § 39-13-309;
(D) Patronizing prostitution, under § 39-13-514(b)(3)(A);
(E) Promoting prostitution, under § 39-13-515(c);
(F) Promoting the prostitution of a minor, under § 39-13-512; or
(G) Human smuggling, under § 39-17-118; and
SECTION 3. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 39-13-314(a), is amended by adding
the following as a new subdivision:
( ) "Organization" means any of the following, whether foreign or domestic:
(A) Limited liability companies;
(B) Corporations;
(C) Not-for-profit corporations;

- 2 - 001249

(D) Profit and not-for-profit unincorporated associations;
(E) Business trusts;
(F) Estates;
(G) General partnerships;
(H) Limited partnerships;
(I) Registered or unregistered limited liability partnerships;
(J) Trusts; or
(K) Joint ventures;
SECTION 4. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 39-13-314, is amended by adding
the following as a new subsection:
(g) In addition to any other remedy, if the attorney general and reporter has
reason to believe that any person or organization is committing, has committed, or is
about to commit a human trafficking offense or aggravated human trafficking, then the
attorney general and reporter may bring an action in the appropriate state court against
the person or organization to:
(1) Restrain the person's or organization's actions by temporary
restraining order or temporary or permanent injunction;
(2) Cancel, revoke, or terminate any certificate of formation, certificate of
incorporation, articles of organization, trust instrument, certificate of authority to
transact business, license, permit, approval, charter, or registration to transact
business of the person or organization;
(3) Appoint a receiver for the organization; or
(4) Involuntarily dissolve the organization.
SECTION 5. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 39-13-316(a), is amended by adding
the following as a new subdivision:

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(6) Human smuggling, under § 39-17-118.
SECTION 6. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 39, Chapter 17, Part 1, is amended by
adding the following as a new section:
39-17-118.
(a) A person commits the offense of human smuggling who knowingly:
(1) Transports ten (10) or more persons eighteen (18) years of age or
older or five (5) or more minors for the purpose of commercial advantage or
private financial gain, with the intent to conceal the individuals from a law
enforcement officer or a federal immigration officer, while knowing the persons
eighteen (18) years of age or older or minors have illegally entered or remained
in the United States, as determined by the bureau of immigration and customs
enforcement of the United States department of homeland security; or
(2) Encourages or induces ten (10) or more persons eighteen (18) years
of age or older or five (5) or more minors to enter or remain in this state in
violation of federal law, as determined by the bureau of immigration and customs
enforcement of the United States department of homeland security, by
concealing, harboring, or shielding those persons from detection.
(b) Human smuggling is a Class E felony.
SECTION 7. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 39, Chapter 17, Part 1, is amended by
adding the following as a new section:
39-17-119.
(a) It is an offense for a person to harbor or hide, or to assist another in
harboring or hiding, within this state an individual who the person knows or should have
known has illegally entered or remained in the United States, as determined by the

- 4 - 001249

bureau of immigration and customs enforcement of the United States department of
homeland security.
(b) A violation of this section is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable only by a
fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000) for each person harbored or hidden.
SECTION 8. This act takes effect July 1, 2025, the public welfare requiring it, and
applies to any offense committed on or after that date.