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HB0458 • 2026

Election Laws

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 2 and Title 55, Chapter 50, relative to elections.

Elections
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Rudd, Briggs
Last action
2026-03-16
Official status
Comp. became Pub. Ch. 534
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The bill's impact on local expenditures due to challenges cannot be reasonably estimated.

Election Law Changes in Tennessee

This act amends Tennessee's election laws to strengthen voter registration verification, introduce challenges for voter qualifications, and enhance voting procedures and security measures.

What This Bill Does

  • Requires the coordinator of elections to compare voter databases monthly with the department of safety to ensure non-U.S. citizens are not registered to vote.
  • Allows voters to challenge other people's right to register or remain on the voter registration list, providing a process for hearings and appeals.
  • Expands requirements for in-person voting verification after registering by mail, online, or through an agency.
  • Increases the age requirement for automatic absentee voting from 60 to 65 years old.
  • Requires all paper ballots and digital images of scanned ballots to include watermarks and specific resolutions.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Voters who register by mail, online, or through agencies other than county election commissions.
  • County election commissions responsible for voter registration and verification processes.
  • Non-U.S. citizens attempting to vote in Tennessee elections.

Terms To Know

SAVE program
Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements, a federal database used to verify citizenship status.
Optical scanners
Devices that read and count votes from paper ballots.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The exact number of challenges expected in each county is unknown.
  • The bill does not specify the method for selecting nominees to fill certain judicial vacancies beyond 180 days before qualifying deadlines.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

Amendment 1-0 to HB0458

Plain English: This amendment changes how vacancies for judges, district attorneys general, and public defenders are filled after certain deadlines by allowing statewide political parties to choose nominees through their own methods.

  • Allows statewide political parties to select nominees for judicial vacancies that occur after a specific deadline using any method allowed under the party's rules.
  • Requires the chair of the nominating body to certify the chosen nominee to the coordinator of elections before a set qualifying deadline.
  • Independent candidates must file nominating petitions if they want to run in these situations.
  • The exact methods that political parties can use for selecting nominees are not detailed and may vary by party.
Amendment 1-0 to SB0367

Plain English: This amendment changes how vacancies for judges, district attorneys general, and public defenders are filled after certain deadlines by allowing statewide political parties to choose nominees through their own methods.

  • Allows statewide political parties to select nominees for judicial vacancies occurring after a specific deadline using any method allowed under the party's rules.
  • Requires the chair of the nominating body to certify the chosen nominee to the coordinator of elections by a certain qualifying deadline.
  • Independent candidates must file nominating petitions if they wish to run in these situations.
  • The exact methods and processes used by political parties for selecting nominees are not detailed in this amendment.

Bill History

  1. 2026-03-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Comp. became Pub. Ch. 534

  2. 2026-03-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Effective date(s) 02/23/2026

  3. 2026-03-16 Tennessee General Assembly

    Pub. Ch. 534

  4. 2026-02-23 Tennessee General Assembly

    Signed by Governor.

  5. 2026-02-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Transmitted to Governor for action.

  6. 2026-02-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Signed by H. Speaker

  7. 2026-02-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Signed by Senate Speaker

  8. 2026-02-10 Tennessee General Assembly

    Enrolled and ready for signatures

  9. 2026-02-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  10. 2026-02-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Comp. SB subst.

  11. 2026-02-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed H., Ayes 91, Nays 0, PNV 6

  12. 2026-02-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Am. withdrawn. (Amendment 1 - HA0547)

  13. 2026-02-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Subst. for comp. HB.

  14. 2026-02-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rcvd. from S., held on H. desk.

  15. 2026-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    H. Placed on Regular Calendar for 2/9/2026

  16. 2026-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Engrossed; ready for transmission to House

  17. 2026-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed Senate as amended, Ayes 29, Nays 0

  18. 2026-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Senate adopted Amendment (Amendment 1 - SA0461)

  19. 2026-02-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. Calendar & Rules Committee for 2/5/2026

  20. 2026-02-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rec. for pass. if am., ref. to Calendar & Rules Committee

  21. 2026-02-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Regular Calendar for 2/5/2026

  22. 2026-02-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    Recommended for passage with amendment/s, refer to Senate Calendar Committee Ayes 7, Nays 0 PNV 2

  23. 2026-02-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  24. 2026-01-28 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. State & Local Government Committee for 2/4/2026

  25. 2026-01-28 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate State and Local Government Committee calendar for 2/3/2026

  26. 2026-01-26 Tennessee General Assembly

    Meeting Canceled

  27. 2026-01-21 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. State & Local Government Committee for 1/28/2026

  28. 2026-01-21 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate State and Local Government Committee calendar for 1/27/2026

  29. 2026-01-20 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rec for pass if am by s/c ref. to State & Local Government Committee

  30. 2026-01-14 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Elections & Campaign Finance Subcommittee for 1/20/2026

  31. 2025-03-25 Tennessee General Assembly

    Taken off notice for cal in s/c Elections & Campaign Finance Subcommittee of State & Local Government Committee

  32. 2025-03-19 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Elections & Campaign Finance Subcommittee for 3/25/2025

  33. 2025-02-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed on Second Consideration, refer to Senate State and Local Government Committee

  34. 2025-02-10 Tennessee General Assembly

    Introduced, Passed on First Consideration

  35. 2025-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Assigned to s/c Elections & Campaign Finance Subcommittee

  36. 2025-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    P2C, ref. to State & Local Government Committee

  37. 2025-02-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    Intro., P1C.

  38. 2025-01-28 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

  39. 2025-01-28 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

Official Summary Text

Present law requires the coordinator of elections to compare the statewide voter registration database with the department of safety database to ensure non-U.S. citizens are not registered to vote in Tennessee. The coordinator of elections is authorized
to compare the statewide voter registration database with those of relevant federal and state agencies, including the SAVE program database, and county records for the same purpose. If evidence exists that a particular registered voter is not a U.S. cit
iz
en, the coordinator is required to notify the county election commission where the person is registered to vote that the registered voter may not be a U.S. citizen. This bill specifies that the coordinator must make the comparison with the department of
safety on a monthly basis. This bill also adds to the list of databases that the coordinator is specifically authorized to make comparisons to ensure that only U.S. citizens are registered to vote in Tennessee.

This bill establishes a process by which a registered voter may challenge the qualifications of another person applying to register to vote in the county or the qualifications of a person whose name appears on the voter registration list. Such process i
ncludes notice and an opportunity for a hearing before the county election commission as described in the full text of this bill. A voter making a challenge has the burden to prove that the person being challenged is not qualified to be registered or rem
ai
n on the list of voters. If the county election commission upholds the challenge, then the person's application for registration must be rejected or the person's name removed from the list of voters. Either party may appeal from the decision of the coun
ty election commission to the state election commission.

Subject to exceptions for persons on the permanent absentee voting register or who are in the crime victim address confidentiality program, present law requires a person who registers by mail to appear in person to vote in the first election the person v
otes in after such registration becomes effective and present satisfactory proof of identity before voting at the appropriate polling place or election commission office. This bill specifies that the requirements for appearing in person and presenting id
en
tification when first voting after a registration takes effect also apply to persons who register online or through an agency other than a county election commission or the department of safety.

This bill increases the age at which a person is entitled to vote absentee upon request from 60 to 65 years.

Except for ballots authorized by state or federal law to be delivered electronically to qualified voters who are entitled to vote by absentee ballot, present law requires that all absentee ballots must include a watermark approved by the coordinator of e
lections. This bill extends the watermark requirement to all paper ballots.

Present law generally authorizes county election commissions to utilize precinct-based optical scanners. This bill adds that all optical scanners used to tabulate votes must scan the hand-marked selections or the machine-printed text selections. This b
ill further provides that a code that is unreadable by a human must not be used as a marking to be scanned by an optical scanner for vote tabulation.

This bill requires that optical scanners used to tabulate votes must create and save a digital image of each ballot scanned and that such digital images have a resolution of at least 600 dots per inch. This bill requires the secretary of state, no later
than the second Friday after an election, to make the digital images of ballots available on the secretary of state's website.

Present law requires a county election commission to implement an address verification program to identify any voter who has changed the voter's address of residence without notifying the election commission. Present law requires the county election com
mission to complete the address verification process at least on a biennial basis. This bill changes the frequency with which the address verification process must be completed to at least quarterly and not less than 30 days after beginning the process.

This bill adds to present law concerning the address verification process by requiring the coordinator of elections to transmit voter registration addressed with residential addresses of record with the department of safety or another state agency, or co
mmercially available information. This bill also requires, rather than authorizes, the coordinator to obtain information used to verify residential addresses from the department of safety and other state agencies.

This bill adds to present law concerning determining a person's right to register to vote that the administrator of elections must check state databases regarding residency and citizenship before declaring the person a registered voter.

This bill requires each county election commission to conduct routine voter list maintenance at least monthly to ensure that all voter registrations are being maintained and checking for accuracy of the voter registration list.

This bill requires that a driver license or photo identification license issued to a person who is a legal resident but who is not a U.S. citizen must indicate that the person to whom the license was issued is not eligible to vote by having printed promin
ently on the front of the license the following: NOT ELIGIBLE TO VOTE.

ON FEBRUARY 5, 2026, THE SENATE ADOPTED AMENDMENT #1 AND PASSED SENATE BILL 367, AS AMENDED.

AMENDMENT #1 rewrites the bill to, instead, allow nominees to fill a vacancy for a judge, district attorney general, or public defender occurring later than 180 days before the qualifying deadline, to be selected by statewide political parties by any met
hod authorized by the rules of the party. The qualifying period for such a vacancy is determined by the date of the vacancy, as provided in present law. This amendment requires the chair of the nominating body to certify the person nominated to fill the
v
acancy no later than the qualifying deadline, and allows independent candidates to qualify by filing nomination petitions.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
SENATE BILL 367
By Briggs

HOUSE BILL 458
By Rudd

HB0458
001630
- 1 -

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 2 and
Title 55, Chapter 50, relative to elections.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:
SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-2-141(a), is amended by deleting
the subsection and substituting instead:
(a) The coordinator of elections shall make monthly comparisons of the
statewide voter registration database with the department of safety database to ensure
non-United States citizens are not registered to vote in this state. The coordinator of
elections is further authorized to compare the statewide voter registration database with
those of relevant federal and state agencies, including the systematic alien verification
for entitlements (SAVE) program database, department of safety, department of
correction, state vital records division, state welfare and public assistance agencies, and
county records for the same purpose. If evidence exists that a particular registered voter
is not a citizen of the United States, then the coordinator of elections shall notify the
county election commission where the person is registered to vote that the registered
voter may not be a citizen of the United States.
SECTION 2. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 2, Chapter 2, Part 1, is amended by
adding the following as a new section:
(a) A registered voter may challenge the qualifications of another person
applying to register to vote in the county or the qualifications of a person whose name
appears on the voter registration list. A registered voter challenging another person's
qualifications under this section shall make the challenge in writing and specify with

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particularity the grounds of the challenge. There is no limit on the number of persons
whose qualifications such voter may challenge.
(b) Upon such challenge being filed with the county election commission, the
commission shall notify the person whose qualifications are being challenged of the
challenge within ten (10) business days after the challenge is filed. The notice must
include the date, time, and place of the hearing, which must be set no sooner than ten
(10) business days after serving notice of the challenge, and include a copy of the
challenge. Such notice must be served by first-class mail addressed to the mailing
address shown on the person's voter registration records.
(c) The voter making the challenge has the burden to prove that the person
being challenged is not qualified to be registered or remain on the list of voters.
(d) After the hearing, the county election commission shall make a determination
and notify the parties of their decision. If the county election commission upholds the
challenge, then the person's application for registration must be rejected or the person's
name removed from the list of voters, as appropriate. The county election commission
shall notify the person of such decision in writing by first-class mail addressed to the
mailing address shown on the person's voter registration records.
(e) Either party may appeal from the decision of the county election commission
to the state election commission by filing a petition with the state election commission
within ten (10) days after the date of the decision of the commissioners. A copy of the
petition must be served upon the other parties and the county election commission.
Unless and until the decision of the county election commission is reversed by the state
election commission, the decision of the county election commission stands.
SECTION 3. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-2-115(b)(7), is amended by
deleting the subdivision.

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SECTION 4. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 2, Chapter 2, Part 1, is amended by
adding the following as a new section:
(a) Each person who registers by mail or online, or through an agency other than
a county election commission or the department of safety, shall appear in person to vote
in the first election the person votes in after such registration becomes effective. Before
voting at the appropriate polling place or election commission office, the person shall
present satisfactory proof of identity.
(b) The requirement to appear in person to vote in the first election does not
apply to:
(1) A person who is on the permanent absentee voting register; or
(2) A person who is in the address confidentiality program under title 40,
chapter 38, part 6.
SECTION 5. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-6-201(5)(A), is amended by
deleting the subdivision and substituting instead:
(A) A person sixty-five (65) years of age or older when the person requests to
vote absentee;
SECTION 6. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-5-207(b)(2), is amended by
deleting the subdivision and substituting instead:
(2) Except for ballots authorized by state or federal law to be delivered
electronically to qualified voters who are entitled to vote by absentee ballot, all ballots
must include a watermark approved by the coordinator of elections. The coordinator of
elections may define the method and type of watermark to be placed on the ballot and
may authorize the use of invisible ink or pre-printed opaque images to produce the
watermark. The watermark must be easily discernible for verification purposes by the
counting board.

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SECTION 7. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-20-101, is amended by adding the
following as a new subsection:
(d) All optical scanners used to tabulate votes must scan the hand-marked
selections or the machine-printed text selections. A QR code, bar code, or similar code
that is unreadable by a human must not be used as a marking to be scanned by an
optical scanner for vote tabulation.
SECTION 8. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-8-108, is amended by adding the
following as new subsections:
(c) Optical scanners used to tabulate votes must create and save a digital image
of each ballot scanned. The digital images must have a resolution of at least six
hundred (600) dots per inch.
(d) The secretary of state shall, no later than the second Friday after an election,
make available on the secretary of state's website the digital images created pursuant to
subsection (c).
SECTION 9. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-2-106(b), is amended by deleting
the following language:
The county election commission shall complete the address verification process
at least on a biennial basis, but may do so annually.
and substituting instead:
The county election commission shall complete the address verification process
at least quarterly and not less than thirty (30) days after beginning the process.
SECTION 10. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-2-106(c)(1), is amended by
deleting the subdivision and substituting instead:
(1) To identify any voter who has changed the voter's address of residence
without notifying the county election commission, the address verification program

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implemented by the county election commission under subsection (b) must use one (1)
or more of the following sources:
(A) The return of mail sent by the county election commission to the voter
at the voter's address of registration. The mail sent to the voter may include,
without limitation, a non-forwardable verification card, a non-forwardable voter
registration card, or a notice mailed pursuant to § 2-3-105 or § 2-5-211;
(B) The United States postal service's national change of address
service;
(C) Information received from the coordinator of elections as a result of a
comparison of voter registration addresses with the residential addresses of
record with the department of safety. The coordinator of elections shall transmit
this information to the county election commissions at least thirty (30) days prior
to the end of each quarter. To conduct the comparison of residential addresses,
the department of safety and the coordinator of elections shall retrieve the data
applicable to the voter's address of residence and match the voter's registration
address with data applicable to the voter's matching record with the department
of safety. The coordinator of elections shall obtain from the department of safety
a list of all persons who have surrendered their Tennessee driver license while
obtaining a driver license from another state;
(D) Information received from the coordinator of elections as a result of a
comparison of voter registration addresses with the residential addresses of
record with another state agency, including, but not limited to, state welfare and
public assistance agencies. The coordinator of elections shall transmit this
information to the county election commissions at least thirty (30) days prior to
the end of each quarter. The coordinator of elections shall compare the

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statewide voter registration database with those of other relevant state agencies
and county records for this purpose; and
(E) Information received from the coordinator of elections as a result of a
comparison of voter registration addresses to commercially available data, such
as data from credit agencies. The coordinator of elections shall transmit this
information to the county election commissions at least thirty (30) days prior to
the end of each quarter.
SECTION 11. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-2-120(a), is amended by deleting
the subsection and substituting instead:
(a) Prior to adding a registrant to a county's voter registration list, the
administrator of elections shall determine, from the registrant's answers to the questions
on the permanent registration record or other questions and from checking state
databases regarding residency and citizenship, whether the registrant is entitled to
register. If the administrator determines that the registrant is entitled to register, then the
administrator shall declare the registrant a registered voter.
SECTION 12. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-2-120, is amended by adding the
following as a new subsection:
(d) At least monthly, each county election commission shall conduct routine
voter list maintenance to ensure that all voter registrations are being maintained and
checking for accuracy of the voter registration list.
SECTION 13. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 55, Chapter 50, Part 3, is amended by
adding the following as a new section:
A driver license or photo identification license issued to a person who is a legal
resident but who is not a United States citizen must indicate that the person to whom the

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license was issued is not eligible to vote by having printed prominently on the front of the
license the following:
NOT ELIGIBLE TO VOTE
SECTION 14. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-3-109(e)(2)(B), is amended by
deleting the language "§ 2-2-115(b)(7)" and substituting instead "SECTION 4".
SECTION 15. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 2-6-201, is amended by deleting the
language "§ 2-2-115(b)(7)" and substituting instead "SECTION 4".
SECTION 16. This act takes effect July 1, 2025, the public welfare requiring it.