Motor Vehicles

SENATE BILL 1068
By Johnson

HOUSE BILL 972
By McCalmon

HB0972
001094
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AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 4;
Title 5; Title 6; Title 7; Title 39; Title 47; Title 48;
Title 55; Title 56; Title 62; Title 66 and Title 67,
relative to motor vehicles.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:
SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 55, Chapter 31, is amended by deleting
the chapter and substituting the following:
55-31-101. Short title.
This chapter is known and may be cited as the "Modernization of Towing,
Immobilization, and Oversight Normalization (MOTION) Act of 2025."
55-31-102. Chapter definitions.
As used in this chapter:
(1) "Abandoned motor vehicle" means a motor vehicle physically located
in this state that:
(A) Is left unattended on public property for more than ten (10)
days;
(B) Is in an obvious state of disrepair and is left unattended on
public property for more than three (3) days;
(C) Has remained illegally on public property for a period of more
than forty-eight (48) hours;
(D) Is left unattended and interferes with or impedes the orderly
flow of traffic or is left unattended during or prior to inclement weather
conditions;

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(E) Is unattended by reason of the arrest of the driver of the motor
vehicle;
(F) Is creating a hazard, blocking access to public or private
property, or parked illegally;
(G) Has remained on private property without the consent of the
owner or person in control of the property for more than forty-eight (48)
hours;
(H) Has remained on private residential property without the
consent of the owner or person in control of the property; or
(I) Has been stored, parked, or left in a garage, trailer park, or any
type of storage or parking lot for more than thirty (30) consecutive days;
(2) "Authorized agent" means:
(A) A person authorized to operate the motor vehicle;
(B) A person in possession of private property; or
(C) For an insurer or lienholder, a person authorized to act on
behalf of the insurer or lienholder;
(3) "Automatic license plate reader" means one (1) or more mobile or
fixed automated high-speed cameras used in combination with computer
algorithms to convert images of motor vehicles or license plates into computer-
readable data that can be used to determine the ownership of a motor vehicle;
(4) "Boot" or "booting" means the act of installing a vehicle immobilization
device on a motor vehicle;
(5) "Commercial parking lot":

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(A) Means a privately owned parking lot or parking garage used
for the temporary storage of motor vehicles, either for a fee or for use by
customers of the owner of the parking lot or parking garage; and
(B) Does not include:
(i) A public street;
(ii) A public right-of-way;
(iii) A publicly owned parking lot or parking garage;
(iv) A motor vehicle storage facility; or
(v) An establishment for the servicing, repair, or
maintenance of motor vehicles;
(6) "Commercial parking lot owner" means the owner or operator of a
commercial parking lot;
(7) "Curbstoning" means selling, offering for sale, advertising for sale, or
soliciting the sale of:
(A) A motor vehicle without a properly endorsed certificate of title,
as required by §§ 55-3-118 and 55-3-127, by a person engaged primarily
in the sale of used motor vehicles if the person is not licensed as a motor
vehicle dealer pursuant to chapter 17, part 1 of this title; or
(B) More than five (5) motor vehicles in any twelve-month period
when the motor vehicles are titled in the person's name engaged primarily
in the sale of used motor vehicles if the person is not licensed as a motor
vehicle dealer pursuant to chapter 17, part 1 of this title;
(8) "Demolisher" means a person whose business is to convert a motor
vehicle into processed scrap or scrap metal, or to otherwise wreck or dismantle
motor vehicles;

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(9) "Garagekeeper":
(A) Means:
(i) A towing company;
(ii) A motor vehicle storage facility; or
(iii) An establishment for the servicing, repair, or
maintenance of motor vehicles; and
(B) Does not include:
(i) A commercial parking lot;
(ii) A commercial parking lot owner; or
(iii) A publicly owned parking lot or parking garage;
(10) "Immobile motor vehicle" means a motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer,
or combination or part of a motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer that is immobilized
and incapable of moving under its own power due to an accident, mechanical
breakdown, weather condition, or other emergency situation;
(11) "Law enforcement agency" means:
(A) The Tennessee highway patrol;
(B) The sheriff's department of any county;
(C) The police department of any municipality; or
(D) Any department, board, or commission designated by the
legislative body of any county with a metropolitan form of government to
perform the duties of a law enforcement agency specified in this chapter;
(12) "Local government" means a municipality, county, or county having
a metropolitan form of government;
(13) "Motor vehicle" has the same meaning as defined in § 55-8-101 and
includes a tractor or trailer as those terms are defined in § 55-8-101;

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(14) "Motor vehicle portal" means the electronic database or online
platform established by the department of revenue pursuant to § 55-31-104;
(15) "Obvious state of disrepair" means a motor vehicle that:
(A) Is inoperable under its own power;
(B) Is without one (1) or more wheels or inflated tires;
(C) Is burned throughout; or
(D) Has more than one (1) broken window;
(16) "Person" includes a natural person, firm, association, corporation, or
partnership;
(17) "Release fee" means a fee charged by a towing company to release
a motor vehicle after the towing company has begun to tow the motor vehicle;
(18) "Third-party service provider" means an entity that is approved by
the department of revenue to create and implement the motor vehicle portal in
compliance with § 55-31-104;
(19) "Towing company" means a person engaged in the business of
towing motor vehicles by use of a tow truck; and
(20) "Vehicle immobilization device" means a device that is designed or
adapted to be attached to a parked motor vehicle to prohibit the motor vehicle's
usual manner of movement or operation.
55-31-103. Penalties.
(a)
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (a)(2):
(A) A violation of this chapter constitutes a violation of the
Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977, compiled in title 47, chapter
18, part 1, is an unfair or deceptive act or practice affecting trade or

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commerce, and is subject to the penalties and remedies as provided in
the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977, in addition to any
penalties and remedies established under this chapter;
(B) The attorney general and reporter has all of the investigative
and enforcement authority that the attorney general and reporter has
under the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977 relating to alleged
violations of this chapter. If the attorney general and reporter reasonably
believes that a person has violated this chapter, then the attorney general
and reporter may institute a proceeding under this section; and
(C) Costs of any kind or nature must not be taxed against the
attorney general and reporter or the state in actions commenced under
this chapter.
(2) Subdivision (a)(1) does not apply to § 55-31-104 or part 3 of this
chapter.
(b)
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b)(2), in addition to the
remedy provided in subsection (a), a person injured as a result of a violation of
this chapter is entitled to maintain a private right of action for injunctive relief and
to recover actual damages, compensatory damages, punitive damages, and
reasonable attorney's fees against an alleged violator.
(2) Subdivision (b)(1) does not apply to § 55-31-104 or part 3 of this
chapter.
(c)
(1) A violation of § 55-31-201, § 55-31-204, § 55-31-205, or § 55-31-206
is a Class B misdemeanor.

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(2) A violation of § 55-31-201, § 55-31-204, § 55-31-205, or § 55-31-206
for a second or subsequent offense is a Class A misdemeanor.
55-31-104. Motor vehicle portal.
(a)
(1) The department of revenue shall create and implement an electronic
database or online platform that allows a law enforcement agency or
garagekeeper to input abandoned or immobile vehicle information for public
notice to be made through a motor vehicle portal as required by § 55-31-302.
The department may contract with a third-party service provider to create and
implement the motor vehicle portal.
(2) The department of revenue shall:
(A) Begin the procurement process to create and implement the
motor vehicle portal described in subdivision (a)(1) no later than July 1,
2025; and
(B) Implement the motor vehicle portal required under subdivision
(a)(1) no later than July 1, 2026.
(b) On and after the ninetieth day after the motor vehicle portal created pursuant
to this section is operational and available for use, the department of revenue may
charge a law enforcement agency or another user of the portal a fee for entering
information or sending notification through the portal, but a fee must not be charged for
conducting a public search on the motor vehicle portal. The fee must be charged in an
amount to cover the cost of creating, administering, and maintaining the motor vehicle
portal created pursuant to this section.
(c) At a minimum, the motor vehicle portal must:

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(1) Provide the public with real-time access to locate motor vehicles that
have been towed pursuant to this chapter;
(2) Provide retrieval information and requirements of motor vehicles that
have been towed pursuant to this chapter;
(3) Provide the fee amounts and payment methods for motor vehicles
that have been towed pursuant to this chapter;
(4) Consolidate statewide towing data into one (1) searchable,
centralized database available to the public to be searched;
(5) Allow and enable a towing company to submit detailed reports;
(6) Store data relevant to this chapter securely in a centralized database
and allow access to law enforcement agencies and the public;
(7) Send notices via mail to the last known registered owner of a motor
vehicle and all lienholders or record that a vehicle has been taken into custody;
(8) Provide application programming interface-accessible endpoints for
retrieving data by other systems and for integration with other systems; and
(9) Allow and enable users to verify ownership of a motor vehicle.
(d) The commissioner of revenue is authorized to promulgate rules to effectuate
this section. The rules must be promulgated in accordance with the Uniform
Administrative Procedures Act, compiled in title 4, chapter 5.
(e) The commissioner of revenue shall:
(1) Place a notice on the department of revenue's website that notifies
the public of the date the motor vehicle portal is operational and available for use
and what date is the ninetieth day following such date; and

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(2) Notify the Tennessee code commission in writing of the date that the
motor vehicle portal is operational and available for use and what date is the
ninetieth day following such date.
(f) All revenues received from the fees must be earmarked and used for the
administration and maintenance of the motor vehicle portal. All funds generated
pursuant to this section must be deposited into a special account earmarked solely for
the purposes set forth in this section, and any unexpended funds do not revert to the
general fund and must be held in the account for use in accordance with this section.
55-31-105. Removal of firearms from stored vehicles.
A garagekeeper may remove and secure a firearm left in a stored motor vehicle if
the firearm can be removed without causing damage to the motor vehicle. If removed,
the firearm must be tagged or logged in a manner to tie it to the vehicle from which it
was removed, and the firearm must be stored at the business in a firearm safe or other
type of secure storage. The business shall notify the owner of the vehicle when a
firearm is removed and secured, and such notice must include information regarding
how the firearm may be retrieved.
55-31-201. Booting.
It is an offense for any person to boot a motor vehicle.
55-31-202. Automatic license plate readers.
A commercial parking lot owner shall not utilize an automatic license plate reader
to enforce the commercial parking lot owner's parking requirements without first posting
signage that:
(1) Is designed and placed in a manner that ensures clear visibility and
readability by consumers parking in the commercial parking lot;
(2) Contains the language LICENSE PLATE READER IN USE;

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(3) Is located at each designated entrance to the property, if a dedicated
entrance to the commercial parking lot exists; and
(4) Is located on each level of the commercial parking lot, if the
commercial parking lot has more than one (1) level.
55-31-203. Parking fees.
(a) A commercial parking lot owner that requires payment at the conclusion of a
parking session shall not charge a penalty for nonpayment of parking fees unless:
(1) The commercial parking lot owner posts signage that:
(A) Is designed and placed in a manner that ensures clear
visibility and readability by consumers parking in the commercial parking
lot;
(B) Provides notice that motor vehicle owners who leave the
commercial parking lot without paying parking fees will be subject to a
penalty if the parking fees are not paid within seventy-two (72) hours from
the time of the commercial parking lot owner's discovery of the
nonpayment of parking fees; and
(C) Is located at each designated exit of the commercial parking
lot;
(2) The actual cost of parking fees owed remains unpaid after seventy-
two (72) hours from the time of the commercial parking lot owner's discovery of
the nonpayment of parking fees; and
(3)
(A) If the actual cost of parking fees owed remains unpaid for
thirty (30) days or less from the date of the commercial parking lot

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owner's discovery of the nonpayment of parking fees, the fee is not
greater than fifty dollars ($50.00); or
(B) If the actual cost of parking fees owed remains unpaid for
greater than thirty (30) days from the date of the commercial parking lot
owner's discovery of the nonpayment of parking fees, the fee is not
greater than seventy-five dollars ($75.00).
(b) A commercial parking lot owner that requires payment at the beginning of a
parking session shall not charge a penalty for nonpayment of parking fees unless:
(1) The commercial parking lot owner posts signage that:
(A) Is designed and placed in a manner that ensures clear
visibility and readability by consumers parking in the commercial parking
lot;
(B) Provides notice that motor vehicle owners who fail to pay the
parking fees within thirty (30) minutes from the time of parking will be
subject to a penalty; and
(C) Is located at each designated entrance of the commercial
parking lot;
(2) The actual cost of parking fees owed remains unpaid after seventy-
two (72) hours from the time of the commercial parking lot owner's discovery of
the nonpayment of parking fees; and
(3) The actual cost of the parking fees complies with subdivision (a)(3).
55-31-204. Towing.
(a) Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, a person shall not tow a motor
vehicle without express written authorization by the owner or authorized agent of the
owner of the motor vehicle unless:

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(1) An owner or authorized agent of the owner of a commercial parking
lot or other private property open to the public has authorized the towing of the
motor vehicle left unattended and the owner has posted notice that any motor
vehicle not authorized to park on the private property is subject to towing;
(2) An owner or authorized agent of the owner of a commercial parking
lot or other private property open to the public has authorized the towing of a
motor vehicle that has been unattended for more than twelve (12) hours;
(3) An owner or authorized agent of the owner of private property not
open to the public has authorized the towing of a motor vehicle left unattended;
or
(4) A law enforcement officer with appropriate jurisdiction requests that
the motor vehicle be towed pursuant to § 55-31-301.
(b) The authorization required pursuant to subdivision (a)(4) must include all
information required by § 66-19-103(d).
(c) A person attempting to tow a motor vehicle shall immediately release the
vehicle that the person has begun to tow if:
(1) The motor vehicle has not left the original parking location; and
(2) The owner or operator of the motor vehicle pays a release fee.
(d)
(1) Prior to ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal created
pursuant to § 55-31-104 is operational and available for use, if the owner of a
motor vehicle is not present at the time the motor vehicle is towed, then within
one (1) hour of a person towing the motor vehicle pursuant to this chapter, such
person must notify the law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the location
from which the motor vehicle was towed of the vehicle identification number

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(VIN), registration information, if available, license plate number, a description of
the vehicle, the location of the tow, and the location where the motor vehicle will
be stored. A law enforcement agency shall keep a record of all information
required by this subsection (d) and must make the information available for public
inspection.
(2) On or after ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal created
pursuant to § 55-31-104 is operational and available for use, if the owner of a
motor vehicle is not present at the time the motor vehicle is towed, then within
one (1) hour of a person towing the motor vehicle pursuant to this chapter, such
person must enter the VIN, registration information, if available, license plate
number, a description of the vehicle, the location of the tow, and the location
where the motor vehicle will be stored into the motor vehicle portal.
55-31-205. Storage of vehicles.
(a) Notwithstanding this part or title 66, chapter 19, part 1, a garagekeeper shall
not store a motor vehicle unless the garagekeeper first obtains the express written
authorization for storage of the motor vehicle from a law enforcement officer with
appropriate jurisdiction, the owner of the motor vehicle or authorized agent of the owner
of the motor vehicle, or the owner or the authorized agent of the owner of the private
property from which the motor vehicle was towed. The authorization must include all of
the information required by § 66-19-103(d).
(b) This section and § 66-19-103(b) do not apply to new or used motor vehicle
dealers licensed under chapter 17 of this title.
55-31-206. Towing firm referral fees.
(a) Notwithstanding this chapter to the contrary, a towing company shall not
make, confer, or offer any payment or other pecuniary benefit to an owner or manager of

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property from which the company has towed a motor vehicle with the intent of rewarding
the owner or manager for referring the vehicle for towing.
(b) Notwithstanding this chapter to the contrary, an owner or manager of
property from which a towing company has towed a motor vehicle shall not solicit or
receive any payment or other pecuniary benefit from a towing company in exchange for
referring a vehicle for towing to the company.
55-31-207. Fees.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a garagekeeper shall not
charge the owner or lienholder of a stored motor vehicle a storage fee for a period
exceeding twenty-one (21) days without the consent of the owner or lienholder, unless
the owner or lienholder has been notified that the motor vehicle is available to be
released from the garagekeeper and the owner or lienholder refuses to retrieve the
motor vehicle.
(b) A garagekeeper shall not charge a storage fee for any day on which the
motor vehicle is not available for release to the owner, lienholder, or insurer, unless the
failure to release is based on a hold placed on the motor vehicle by law enforcement.
(c) Upon provision of documentation from an insurer or lienholder showing its
right to take custody of a motor vehicle, a garagekeeper shall release the motor vehicle
to the insurer or lienholder, or an authorized agent or representative for such insurer or
lienholder, upon the insurer's or lienholder's payment of reasonable charges due, without
requiring additional consent from the owner of the motor vehicle. The insurer or
lienholder shall indemnify and hold harmless the releasing person from any action,
cause of action, claim, judgment, loss, liability, damage, or cost that it may incur due to
wrongful release of the motor vehicle to an authorized agent or representative of the
insurer or lienholder.

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(d)
(1) Prior to ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal created
pursuant to § 55-31-104 is operational and available for use, a garagekeeper
may charge a storage fee for a period exceeding twenty-one (21) days if the last
known registered owner of the motor vehicle and all lienholders of record are
notified using a national delivery carrier that provides electronic tracking of the
intent to charge a storage fee for a period to exceed twenty-one (21) days. The
notice must be given at least ten (10) days prior to the imposition of any
additional storage fee.
(2) On or after ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal created
pursuant to § 55-31-104 is operational and available for use, a garagekeeper
may charge a storage fee for a period exceeding twenty-one (21) days if the
garagekeeper notifies all registered owners of the motor vehicle and all
lienholders of record of the intent to charge a storage fee for a period to exceed
twenty-one (21) days via the online motor vehicle portal.
(e) A garagekeeper, whether as the principal business of the garagekeeper or
incidental to the garagekeeper's principal business, shall not charge a person for the
towing or storage of a motor vehicle that was towed or stored without the express written
authorization of the owner of the motor vehicle to tow or store:
(1) A fee charged at a higher rate than the maximum fee that has been
approved by the Tennessee highway patrol district to be charged for the same
service by persons engaged in a business described in this section;
(2) A gate, access, or release fee during normal business hours for any
day during which daily storage is also being charged; or
(3) A release fee of more than one hundred dollars ($100).

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55-31-301. Law Enforcement – abandoned or immobile motor vehicle – motor
vehicle used in curbstoning.
(a) A law enforcement agency may take into custody, or utilize a garagekeeper
to take into custody, a motor vehicle found abandoned, immobile, or used in curbstoning,
or the agency may provide notice that the motor vehicle is abandoned, immobile, or
being used in curbstoning prior to taking the motor vehicle into custody, or utilizing a
garagekeeper to take the motor vehicle into custody; provided, that a motor vehicle used
in curbstoning on residential property must not be taken into custody unless the law
enforcement agency provides notice on the motor vehicle at least forty-eight (48) hours
prior to the seizure.
(b)
(1) Prior to ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal created
pursuant to § 55-31-104 is operational and available for use, a law enforcement
agency or other public agency taking possession of a motor vehicle pursuant to
this section must:
(A) Within three (3) business days after taking the motor vehicle
into custody, verify ownership of the motor vehicle through the Tennessee
Information Enforcement System (TIES). If a public agency attempts to
verify ownership information through TIES and the response is Not on
File, then the agency shall contact the department of revenue title and
registration division, which must search records not contained in TIES for
the ownership information. If the title and registration division locates
ownership information through this search, then the division must notify
the appropriate public agency and the agency must distribute the
information as provided in this subdivision (b)(1);

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(B) Provide the ownership information obtained in subdivision
(b)(1)(A) to the garagekeeper responsible for towing or storing the motor
vehicle; and
(C) Within three (3) business days after receiving verification of
ownership pursuant to subdivision (b)(1)(A), send notice to the last known
registered owner of the motor vehicle and all lienholders of record that the
vehicle has been taken into custody.
(2) On or after ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal created
pursuant to § 55-31-104 is operational and available for use, a law enforcement
agency or other public agency taking possession of a motor vehicle pursuant to
this section must:
(A) Within one (1) hour after taking the motor vehicle into custody,
verify ownership of the motor vehicle through the online motor vehicle
portal; and
(B) Provide the ownership information obtained in subdivision
(b)(2)(A) to the garagekeeper responsible for towing or storing the motor
vehicle.
(c)
(1) The owner or lienholder of an abandoned or immobile motor vehicle
may appeal a determination that a motor vehicle is abandoned or immobile. If
the owner or lienholder of an abandoned or immobile motor vehicle fails to
appeal an action or determination or fails to remove the motor vehicle within
twenty (20) days from receipt of the notice that a motor vehicle is abandoned or
immobile, then the law enforcement agency or other public agency may take the

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motor vehicle into custody at any time, including by utilizing a garagekeeper to
take the motor vehicle into custody, and no other notice is required.
(2) If the owner or lienholder of an abandoned or immobile motor vehicle
that has not been taken into custody by a law enforcement agency pursuant to
subdivision (c)(1) appeals, then the law enforcement agency shall not take the
motor vehicle into custody while the appeal is pending.
(d) Any notice required by subsection (a) must:
(1) Be written in plain language;
(2) Contain the year, make, model, and vehicle identification number of
the motor vehicle, if ascertainable;
(3) Provide the location of the motor vehicle if the motor vehicle has been
taken into custody, or provide a statement advising the owner that the law
enforcement agency will take the abandoned, immobile, or unattended vehicle
into custody in no less than twenty (20) days from the date of receipt of the
notice, unless the owner appeals the determination by the law enforcement
agency that the vehicle is abandoned or immobile, or the owner removes the
vehicle from the property within the twenty-day period;
(4) Inform the owner and any lienholders of the right to reclaim the motor
vehicle within twenty (20) days after the date of receipt of the notice, upon
payment of all towing, preservation, and storage charges resulting from placing
the vehicle in custody; and
(5) State that the failure of the owner or lienholders to exercise the right
to reclaim the vehicle will be deemed a waiver by the owner and all lienholders of
all right, title, and interest in the vehicle and consent to the demolition of the
vehicle or its sale at a public auction.

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(e) A law enforcement agency may employ its own personnel, equipment, and
facilities or hire persons, equipment, and facilities for the purpose of removing,
preserving, and storing motor vehicles that are abandoned, immobile, unattended, or
used in curbstoning.
(f) A motor vehicle used in curbstoning is subject to seizure and forfeiture in the
same manner as provided by law for seizure and forfeiture of other items under title 40,
chapter 33.
(g) Notwithstanding another law to the contrary, this section does not limit a local
government's initiative for more restrictive requirements regarding the sale of curbstoned
vehicles.
(h) A law enforcement agency requesting another person to tow a motor vehicle
pursuant to this section must provide the authorization required pursuant to § 55-31-
204(a)(3) to the person to tow prior to requesting the tow.
55-31-302. Notice.
(a)
(1) Prior to ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal created
pursuant to § 55-31-104 is operational and available for use, when any person
other than a law enforcement agency or other public agency takes possession of
a motor vehicle found abandoned or immobile, the action must be reported
immediately to the department of revenue taxpayer and vehicle services division
for verification of ownership on a form prescribed and provided by the registrar of
motor vehicles.
(2) On or after ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal created
pursuant to § 55-31-104 is operational and available for use, when any person
other than a law enforcement agency or other public agency takes possession of

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a motor vehicle found abandoned or immobile, the action must be reported to the
online motor vehicle portal.
(b)
(1) In addition to the notification requirements of § 55-31-301 and
subsection (a), a garagekeeper that has in its possession an abandoned or
immobile motor vehicle taken into custody by any person shall, within three (3)
business days after the motor vehicle is taken into its possession, verify
ownership of the motor vehicle. The garagekeeper shall, within three (3)
business days after receiving verification of ownership, provide notice to the last
known registered owner of the motor vehicle and all lienholders of record. The
notification requirements included in subsection (a) apply to the notice required to
be provided by a garagekeeper pursuant to this subdivision (b)(1).
(2) A garagekeeper that does not verify ownership of a motor vehicle
within three (3) business days after taking possession of the motor vehicle
pursuant to this section or that does not notify in the manner required by
subsection (a) the owner of the motor vehicle within three (3) business days after
receiving verification of ownership from the appropriate state department or
agency shall not receive more than six (6) days of storage-related expenses. A
garagekeeper that is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to have failed to
release a motor vehicle upon the presentment of payment for towing and storage
expenses is subject to civil liability to the motor vehicle owner, secured creditor,
lessor, or lienholder who prevails in an action brought under this section for
reasonable costs and attorney's fees incurred by the person instituting the action.
(3) If the owner of the motor vehicle or the owner's agent is present at the
time a garagekeeper commences towing the owner's or agent's motor vehicle,

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then this subsection (b) does not apply to the garagekeeper; provided, however,
that this subdivision (b)(3) does not exempt the garagekeeper from any other
notification requirements under this section or another provision of law.
55-31-303. Auctions and auctioneers.
(a) If an abandoned or immobile motor vehicle has not been reclaimed as
provided for in § 55-31-301 or § 55-31-302, then the law enforcement agency or
garagekeeper must sell the abandoned or immobile motor vehicle at a public auction.
(b) The purchaser of the motor vehicle takes title to the motor vehicle free and
clear of all liens and claims of ownership, must receive a sales receipt from the law
enforcement agency, and, upon presentation of the sales receipt, the department of
revenue shall issue a certificate of title to the purchaser.
(c) The sales receipt only is sufficient title for purposes of transferring the motor
vehicle to a demolisher for demolition, wrecking, or dismantling, and, in this case, further
titling of the motor vehicle is not necessary.
(d) The proceeds of the sale of an abandoned or immobile motor vehicle must
be used for payment of the expenses of the auction, the costs of towing, preserving, and
storing the abandoned or immobile motor vehicle, and all notice and publication costs,
including costs to post the motor vehicle on the motor vehicle portal, incurred pursuant to
§ 55-31-301 or § 55-31-302.
(e) Any remainder from the proceeds of a sale must be held by the law
enforcement agency for the owner of the motor vehicle or entitled lienholder for sixty (60)
days from the date of the sale, and then must be deposited in a special fund that must
remain available for the payment of auction, towing, preserving, storage, and all notice
and publication costs, including costs to post the motor vehicle on the motor vehicle
portal, that result from placing other abandoned or immobile vehicles in custody,

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whenever the proceeds from a sale of other abandoned or immobile motor vehicles are
insufficient to meet these expenses and costs.
55-31-304. Garagekeepers.
(a) Notwithstanding this chapter to the contrary, the law enforcement agency
through its chief officer, after complying with § 55-31-301, may execute a written waiver
of its right to sell a vehicle taken into custody under this chapter in favor of a
garagekeeper in whose possession the vehicle was lawfully placed by the law
enforcement agency under this chapter. If a garagekeeper has made repairs to a
vehicle for which a waiver has been executed, then the garagekeeper may proceed to
enforce the lien as provided in § 66-19-103. If the garagekeeper has not made repairs
to a vehicle for which a waiver has been executed, then the garagekeeper may proceed
to sell the vehicle in accordance with the procedure established in § 55-31-303.
(b) As to third-party purchasers, the sale of the abandoned or immobile vehicle
is valid, but the garagekeeper shall sell the vehicle in a commercially reasonable
manner.
(c) A person injured as a result of a violation of subsection (b) is entitled to
maintain a private right of action for injunctive relief and to recover actual damages,
compensatory damages, punitive damages, and reasonable attorney's fees against an
alleged violator.
55-31-305. Demolishers.
(a) A person upon whose property or in whose possession is found an
abandoned or immobile motor vehicle, or a person being the owner of a motor vehicle
whose title certificate is faulty, lost, or destroyed, may apply to the law enforcement
agency of the jurisdiction in which the vehicle is situated for authority to sell, give away,
or dispose of the vehicle to a demolisher.

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(b) The application must set out the name and address of the applicant, the
year, make, model, and vehicle identification number of the motor vehicle, if
ascertainable, together with any other identifying features, and must contain a concise
statement of the facts surrounding the abandonment, or that the title of the motor vehicle
is lost or destroyed, or the reasons for the defect of title. The applicant must execute an
affidavit stating that the facts alleged therein are true and that no material fact has been
withheld.
(c) If the law enforcement agency finds that the application is executed in proper
form and shows that the motor vehicle has been abandoned or immobile upon the
property of the applicant, or if it shows that the motor vehicle is not reported stolen and is
not abandoned or immobile but that the applicant appears to be the rightful owner, then
the law enforcement agency shall follow the notification procedures set forth in § 55-31-
301 or § 55-31-302.
(d) If an abandoned or immobile motor vehicle is not reclaimed in accordance
with § 55-31-301 or § 55-31-302, then the law enforcement agency shall give the
applicant a certificate of authority to sell the motor vehicle to any demolisher for
demolition, wrecking, or dismantling. The demolisher shall accept the certificate in lieu
of the certificate of title to the motor vehicle.
(e) Notwithstanding this part to the contrary, a person upon whose property or in
whose possession is found an abandoned or immobile motor vehicle, or the owner of a
motor vehicle whose title certificate is faulty, lost, or destroyed, may dispose of the motor
vehicle to a demolisher without the motor vehicle's title and without the notification
procedures of § 55-31-301 or § 55-31-302, if the motor vehicle is over ten (10) years old
and has no engine or is otherwise totally inoperable.
(f)

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(1) If a vehicle has an engine, and is properly licensed but otherwise fits
the description of this section, then such vehicle left on a public highway or street
and towed at the direction of local or state law enforcement officials must be held
at least ten (10) days. If, at the end of that period, no claim has been received
for the vehicle, then the vehicle may be disposed of in accordance with this
section.
(2) Subdivision (f)(1) does not apply in counties with a metropolitan form
of government, in which counties subsection (e) remains in full force and effect.
55-31-306. Demolishers - Surrender of certificate of title or auction sales receipt
for cancelation - Records and recordation.
(a) A demolisher who purchases or otherwise acquires a motor vehicle for
purposes of wrecking, dismantling, or demolition is not required to obtain a certificate of
title for the motor vehicle in the demolisher's name. After the motor vehicle has been
demolished, processed, or changed so that it physically is no longer a motor vehicle, the
demolisher shall make the required notification to the National Motor Vehicle Title
Information System and surrender for cancelation the certificate of title or auction sales
receipt. The department of revenue taxpayer and vehicle services division shall issue
forms and rules governing the surrender of auction sales receipts and certificates of title
as are appropriate.
(b) A demolisher shall keep an accurate and complete record of all motor
vehicles purchased or received in the course of the demolisher's business. The records
must contain the name and address of the person from whom each motor vehicle was
purchased or received, the date when the purchase or receipt occurred, and the date
reported to the National Motor Vehicle Title Information System. The demolisher shall
make the records open for inspection by any law enforcement agency at any time during

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normal business hours. A record required by this section must be kept by the
demolisher for at least one (1) year after the date of the transaction to which it applies.
SECTION 2. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 66-14-104, is amended by
designating the current language as subsection (a) and adding the following language:
(b) On or after ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal created pursuant to
§ 55-31-104 is operational and available for use, in the event the good is a motor vehicle
or another good requiring a certificate of title pursuant to title 55, the newspaper
advertisement is not required, and the public sale notice must be posted through the
online motor vehicle portal created pursuant to § 55-31-104 and must contain the year;
make; model; license plate number; vehicle identification number, if applicable; and the
time and date of the sale of the motor vehicle.
SECTION 3. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 66-19-103(b)(1)(A), is amended by
deleting subdivision (i) and substituting:
(i) Is only required to advertise the sale on the motor vehicle portal developed
pursuant to § 55-31-104; and
SECTION 4. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 66-19-103(b)(1)(B), is amended by
deleting the language "a nationally recognized overnight delivery carrier, other than the United
States postal service, requesting proof of delivery" and substituting instead " a national delivery
carrier that provides electronic tracking".
SECTION 5. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 66-19-103(b)(6), is amended by
deleting "§ 55-32-308" and substituting "§ 55-31-205".
SECTION 6. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 66-19-103(c), is amended by
deleting "chapter 32" and substituting "chapter 31".
SECTION 7. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 47-18-104(b)(65), is amended by
deleting "§ 55-31-204" and substituting "§ 55-31-202".

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SECTION 8. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 47-18-104(b)(66), is amended by
deleting "§ 55-31-307" and substituting "§ 55-31-204".
SECTION 9. The headings in this act are for reference purposes only and do not
constitute a part of the law enacted by this act. However, the Tennessee Code Commission is
requested to include the headings in any compilation or publication containing this act.
SECTION 10. Upon receipt by the Tennessee Code Commission of the written notice
from the Commissioner of Revenue pursuant to § 55-31-104(f), which includes the date that is
ninety (90) days after the motor vehicle portal becomes operational and available for use, the
Commission is requested to update the Code to reflect that date in §§ 55-31-104(b), 55-31-
204(d), 55-31-207(d), 55-31-301(b), 55-31-302(a) and 66-14-104(b).
SECTION 11. This act takes effect upon becoming a law, the public welfare requiring it.