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HB1695 • 2026

Public Funds and Financing

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 9, Chapter 4, relative to cryptocurrency.

Taxes
Active

The official status still shows this bill as active or still awaiting another formal step.

Sponsor
Barrett, Roberts
Last action
2026-04-08
Official status
Placed on s/c cal Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee for 4/14/2026
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The candidate explanation included a claim about taxpayers paying state taxes with bitcoin which is not directly supported by the official source material. The bill authorizes the treasurer to establish such a program but does not specify that it will be used or how many people might participate.

Tennessee Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Act

This bill allows Tennessee to invest up to 10% of certain state funds in bitcoin and sets rules for secure storage and reporting.

What This Bill Does

  • Allows the treasurer to invest up to 10% of specific state funds, including the general fund and revenue fluctuation reserve, in bitcoin.
  • Requires that no more than 5% of these funds can be invested in a single fiscal year until reaching the 10% limit.
  • Specifies that bitcoin must be held either directly by the state or through a qualified custodian using secure custody solutions.
  • Requires annual reports on bitcoin holdings and performance to be published online and sent to relevant legislative committees.
  • Authorizes the treasurer to establish a program for accepting bitcoin as payment for state taxes, fees, or other obligations.

Who It Names or Affects

  • The Tennessee State Treasurer
  • State departments and agencies involved in financial management

Terms To Know

Qualified custodian
A federal- or state-chartered bank, trust company, special-purpose depository institution, or other regulated financial institution authorized to hold digital assets.
Secure custody solution
A technological product that securely stores private cryptographic keys and ensures the safety of digital assets through various security measures.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The exact fiscal impact on state funds cannot be reasonably estimated due to uncertainties in bitcoin's performance.
  • It is unclear how many taxpayers will choose to pay their obligations with bitcoin, making it difficult to predict the financial effects of this provision.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-08 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee for 4/14/2026

  2. 2026-03-25 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed behind the budget

  3. 2026-03-18 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee for 3/25/2026

  4. 2026-03-18 Tennessee General Assembly

    Action Def. in s/c Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee to 3/25/2026

  5. 2026-03-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee for 3/18/2026

  6. 2026-03-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Assigned to s/c Finance, Ways, and Means Subcommittee

  7. 2026-03-10 Tennessee General Assembly

    Recommended for passage, refer to Senate Finance, Ways, and Means Committee

  8. 2026-03-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Commerce and Labor Committee calendar for 3/10/2026

  9. 2026-03-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    Action deferred in Senate Commerce and Labor Committee to 3/10/2026

  10. 2026-03-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rec. for pass; ref to Finance, Ways, and Means Committee with a negative recommendation

  11. 2026-02-25 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. Government Operations Committee for 3/2/2026

  12. 2026-02-24 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Commerce and Labor Committee calendar for 3/3/2026

  13. 2026-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed on Second Consideration, refer to Senate Commerce and Labor Committee

  14. 2026-02-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Introduced, Passed on First Consideration

  15. 2026-02-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

  16. 2026-01-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    P2C, ref. to Government Operations Committee for Review - Finance, Ways & Means Committee

  17. 2026-01-21 Tennessee General Assembly

    Intro., P1C.

  18. 2026-01-15 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

Official Summary Text

This bill authorizes the treasurer to invest funds from the following in bitcoin:



The general fund.


The revenue fluctuation reserve.


Any other state fund the general assembly expressly designates.

However, this bill prohibits the market value of bitcoin held in or for each fund listed above from, at the time of purchase, exceeding 10% of that fund's total assets. No more than 5% may be acquired in any single fiscal year until the ten-percent ceil
ing is reached. However, passive appreciation above the cap does not require divestment unless otherwise directed by the state treasurer.

This bill requires bitcoin acquired under this bill to be held (i) directly by the state through a secure custody solution, (ii) on the state's behalf by a qualified custodian, or (iii) in the form of an exchange-traded product. Such position must be ag
gregated with direct holdings when applying the cap as described above. However, this bill does not authorize public funds to be invested in a digital asset, digital commodity, or cryptocurrency other than bitcoin.

As used in this bill, a "qualified custodian" means a federal- or state-chartered bank, trust company, special-purpose depository institution, or other regulated financial institution authorized to be a custodian of digital assets, and a "secure custody
solution" means a technological product or a blended product-and-service that does all of the following:



Stores private cryptographic keys exclusively in encrypted, non-network-connected hardware located in at least two geographically distinct, secure facilities.


Makes such keys accessible only through end-to-end-encrypted channels and never via a smartphone.


Enforces multi-party governance for transaction authorization, implements role-based access controls, and records immutable audit logs of user actions.


Is subject to an annual third-party code review and penetration test, with remediation of any discovered vulnerabilities.


Maintains and periodically tests a disaster-recovery plan that ensures continued access to the state's assets if the service provider becomes unavailable.

WRITTEN PROCEDURES

This bill requires the state treasurer to adopt written procedures for a secure custody solution governing key generation, storage, transaction authorization, incident response, and continuity of operations. The treasurer must ensure that any qualified
custodian engaged under this bill (i) is subject to ongoing supervision by its primary banking regulator; (ii) provides the state with a copy of its most recent system and organization controls (SOC) 2 Type II report; and (iii) maintains insurance coverag
e
in an amount commensurate with assets under custody. A single private individual or private entity must not hold or control a complete private key or key shard that enables unilateral transfer of state-owned bitcoin.

No later than July 1, 2028, this bill requires the treasurer to design, implement, and maintain an internal self-custody procedure that complies with the procedures above. Once operational, the treasurer must hold no less than 10% of the aggregate bitcoi
n owned by the state through such self-custody procedure.

REPORTS

On or before October 1 of each even-numbered year, this bill requires the treasurer to publish on the treasurer's public website and transmit to legislative committees having jurisdiction over finance-related matters a report detailing all of the followi
ng:



The quantity of bitcoin held on the final business day of the preceding fiscal biennium.


The United States-dollar equivalent of such holdings on that day and at acquisition.


A summary of purchases, sales, and transfers since the prior report.


Any realized gains or income produced by the holdings.


A cryptographic proof, or a signed message from 1 or more reserve addresses, sufficient for third parties to verify on-chain balances reported above.

This bill requires the treasurer to make available, upon request, any independent security-assessment executive summaries related to the secure custody solution, redacted as necessary for security.

BITCOIN AS PAYMENT

This bill authorizes the treasurer to establish a program to accept bitcoin in payment of state taxes, fees, or other obligations. Any bitcoin so received must be transferred to the general fund and recorded at prevailing market value. The collecting d
epartment or agency must be reimbursed or credited in United States-dollar funds for the amount recorded. However, participation by a taxpayer or payor in such a program is voluntary, and this paragraph does not require acceptance of bitcoin by any depar
tm
ent or agency.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

This bill requires the treasurer to submit a comprehensive evaluation of the bitcoin reserve's performance and risk profile to the general assembly on or before October 1, 2032. Upon receipt of the report, the legislative committees having jurisdiction
over finance-related matters must review the findings and may recommend continuation, revision, or repeal of this bill.

POLICY STATEMENT

On or before January 1, 2027, this bill requires the treasurer to file with the state funding board an investment-policy statement governing bitcoin allocations, including risk-management metrics and rebalancing guidelines.

RULEMAKING

This bill authorizes the treasurer to promulgate rules to implement this bill.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
SENATE BILL 2639
By Roberts

HOUSE BILL 1695
By Barrett
HB1695
010278
- 1 -

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 9,
Chapter 4, relative to cryptocurrency.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:
SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 9, Chapter 4, is amended by adding the
following as a new part:
9-4-1601.
This part is known and may be cited as the "Tennessee Strategic Bitcoin
Reserve Act."
9-4-1602.
The general assembly finds that:
(1) Persistent increases in the general price level diminish the real
purchasing power of assets held by the state of Tennessee in its general fund,
revenue fluctuation reserve, and other investment pools;
(2) Bitcoin is a decentralized digital commodity with a provably limited
supply and deep, twenty-four-hour global liquidity;
(3) A prudent investor acting in a fiduciary capacity may diversify into
such a commodity to improve risk-adjusted, inflation-adjusted returns of long-
horizon public portfolios; and
(4) It is the intent of the general assembly to authorize the state treasurer
to allocate a limited portion of eligible state funds to bitcoin, subject to robust
custody, security, and reporting safeguards.
9-4-1603.
As used in this part, unless the context otherwise requires:

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(1) "Bitcoin" means a decentralized cryptocurrency:
(A) Created by a peer-to-peer network that operates
independently of any central authority or bank;
(B) That was invented in 2008 and first created or mined in 2009;
and
(C) Secured by a proof-of-work public blockchain;
(2) "Cryptocurrency" means a type of digital asset that utilizes
cryptography to secure transactions that are digitally recorded on a ledger, such
as a blockchain;
(3) "Digital commodity" means a fungible digital asset that is not an
investment contract or other security as interpreted under applicable federal and
state securities laws;
(4) "Exchange-traded product" or "ETP" means a security approved by
the United States securities and exchange commission or the commodity futures
trading commission that is listed on a United States-regulated exchange and
derives its value exclusively from underlying bitcoin;
(5) "Qualified custodian" means a federal- or state-chartered bank, trust
company, special-purpose depository institution, or other regulated financial
institution authorized to be a custodian of digital assets; and
(6) "Secure custody solution" means a technological product or a
blended product-and-service that:
(A) Stores private cryptographic keys exclusively in encrypted,
non-network-connected hardware located in at least two (2)
geographically distinct, secure facilities;

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(B) Makes such keys accessible only through end-to-end-
encrypted channels and never via a smartphone;
(C) Enforces multi-party governance for transaction authorization,
implements role-based access controls, and records immutable audit logs
of user actions;
(D) Is subject to an annual third-party code review and
penetration test, with remediation of any discovered vulnerabilities; and
(E) Maintains and periodically tests a disaster-recovery plan that
ensures continued access to the state's assets if the service provider
becomes unavailable.
9-4-1604.
(a) Notwithstanding § 9-4-602 or another law to the contrary, the treasurer may
invest funds from the following in bitcoin:
(1) The general fund;
(2) The revenue fluctuation reserve established in § 9-4-211; or
(3) Any other state fund the general assembly expressly designates.
(b) The market value of bitcoin held in or for each fund listed in subsection (a)
must not, at the time of purchase, exceed ten percent (10%) of that fund's total assets.
Not more than five percent (5%) may be acquired in any single fiscal year until the ten-
percent ceiling is reached; provided, however, that passive appreciation above the cap
does not require divestment unless otherwise directed by the state treasurer.
(c) Bitcoin acquired under this part must be held:
(1) Directly by the state through a secure custody solution;
(2) On the state's behalf by a qualified custodian; or

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(3) In the form of an exchange-traded product; provided, that any such
position must be aggregated with direct holdings when applying the cap under
subsection (b).
(d) This part does not authorize public funds to be invested in a digital asset,
digital commodity, or cryptocurrency other than bitcoin.
9-4-1605.
(a) The state treasurer shall adopt written procedures for a secure custody
solution governing key generation, storage, transaction authorization, incident response,
and continuity of operations.
(b) The treasurer shall ensure that any qualified custodian engaged under this
part:
(1) Is subject to ongoing supervision by its primary banking regulator;
(2) Provides the state with a copy of its most recent system and
organization controls (SOC) 2 Type II report; and
(3) Maintains insurance coverage in an amount commensurate with
assets under custody.
(c) A single private individual or private entity shall not hold or control a complete
private key or key shard that enables unilateral transfer of state-owned bitcoin.
(d) Not later than July 1, 2028, the treasurer shall design, implement, and
maintain an internal self-custody procedure that complies with subsection (a). Once
operational, the treasurer shall hold not less than ten percent (10%) of the aggregate
bitcoin owned by the state through such self-custody procedure.
9-4-1606.
(a) On or before October 1 of each even-numbered year, the treasurer shall
publish on the treasurer's public website and transmit to the finance, ways and means

- 5 - 010278

committee of the senate and the committee in the house of representatives having
jurisdiction over finance-related matters a report detailing:
(1) The quantity of bitcoin held on the final business day of the preceding
fiscal biennium;
(2) The United States-dollar equivalent of such holdings on that day and
at acquisition;
(3) A summary of purchases, sales, and transfers since the prior report;
(4) Any realized gains or income produced by the holdings; and
(5) A cryptographic proof, or a signed message from one (1) or more
reserve addresses, sufficient for third parties to verify on-chain balances reported
in subdivision (a)(1).
(b) The treasurer shall make available, upon request, any independent security-
assessment executive summaries related to the secure custody solution, redacted as
necessary for security.
9-4-1607.
The treasurer may promulgate rules, in accordance with the Uniform
Administrative Procedures Act, compiled in title 4, chapter 5, to implement this part. On
or before January 1, 2027, the treasurer shall file with the state funding board an
investment-policy statement governing bitcoin allocations, including risk-management
metrics and rebalancing guidelines.
9-4-1608.
(a) The treasurer may establish a program to accept bitcoin in payment of state
taxes, fees, or other obligations.

- 6 - 010278

(b) Any bitcoin received under subsection (a) must be transferred to the general
fund and recorded at prevailing market value. The collecting department or agency shall
be reimbursed or credited in United States-dollar funds for the amount recorded.
(c) Participation by a taxpayer or payor in such a program is voluntary, and this
section does not require acceptance of bitcoin by any department or agency.
9-4-1609.
The treasurer shall submit a comprehensive evaluation of the bitcoin reserve's
performance and risk profile to the general assembly on or before October 1, 2032.
Upon receipt of the report, the finance, ways and means committee of the senate and
the committee in the house of representatives having jurisdiction over finance-related
matters shall review the findings and may recommend continuation, revision, or repeal of
this part.
SECTION 2. If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance
is held invalid, then the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the act that
can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to that end, the provisions of
this act are severable.
SECTION 3. This act takes effect July 1, 2026, the public welfare requiring it.