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HB2039 • 2026

Consumer Protection

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, relative to programmable money.

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Did Not Pass

The latest official action shows that this bill did not move forward in that session.

Sponsor
Hulsey, Watson
Last action
2026-03-11
Official status
Failed in s/c Banking and Consumer Affairs Subcommittee of Commerce Committee
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The bill's status is 'Did Not Pass', which limits its immediate applicability.

Consumer Protection Act for Programmable Money

This bill prohibits requiring the use of programmable money in transactions and forbids issuers from denying transactions based on certain criteria, ensuring fair treatment and transparency.

What This Bill Does

  • Prohibits any person from requiring the use of programmable money for a transaction without offering a non-digital alternative free of charge.
  • Forbids issuers of programmable money from denying transactions based on political opinions, religious beliefs, gender identity, medical history, location data, business sector involvement, or social credit scores.
  • Requires issuers to provide detailed reasons for denied transactions within 30 days if requested by either party involved in the transaction.
  • Establishes penalties and remedies under the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act for violations of this act.
  • Allows individuals harmed by a violation to sue for damages and attorney fees.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Consumers who use programmable money or are required to do so.
  • Issuers of programmable money, such as financial institutions and technology companies.
  • Individuals whose transactions may be denied based on specific criteria.

Terms To Know

Programmable Money
Money or currency that can be encoded with rules to control its use automatically according to predefined conditions.
Social Credit Score System
A system that evaluates individuals based on their behavior and assigns them a score, which may affect their access to services or benefits.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill did not pass in the current session.
  • It does not address how issuers can decline transactions involving criminal activities.
  • The effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms is uncertain without further implementation details.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-07 Tennessee General Assembly

    Assigned to General Subcommittee of Senate Commerce and Labor Committee

  2. 2026-04-01 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Commerce and Labor Committee calendar for 4/7/2026

  3. 2026-03-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Failed in s/c Banking and Consumer Affairs Subcommittee of Commerce Committee

  4. 2026-03-10 Tennessee General Assembly

    Action deferred in Senate Commerce and Labor Committee to 3/17/2026

  5. 2026-03-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  6. 2026-03-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Banking & Consumer Affairs Subcommittee for 3/11/2026

  7. 2026-03-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Action Def. in s/c Banking and Consumer Affairs Subcommittee to 3/11/2026

  8. 2026-03-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Commerce and Labor Committee calendar for 3/10/2026

  9. 2026-03-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  10. 2026-03-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    Action deferred in Senate Commerce and Labor Committee to 3/10/2026

  11. 2026-02-26 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Banking & Consumer Affairs Subcommittee for 3/4/2026

  12. 2026-02-24 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Commerce and Labor Committee calendar for 3/3/2026

  13. 2026-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed on Second Consideration, refer to Senate Commerce and Labor Committee

  14. 2026-02-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Assigned to s/c Banking & Consumer Affairs Subcommittee

  15. 2026-02-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    P2C, ref. to Commerce Committee

  16. 2026-02-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Intro., P1C.

  17. 2026-02-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Introduced, Passed on First Consideration

  18. 2026-01-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

  19. 2026-01-22 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

Official Summary Text

This bill prohibits any person from requiring the use of programmable money for any transaction, including offering or accepting payments only in programmable money and not accepting or offering a nondigital alternative free of charge. As used in this b
ill, "programmable money" means money or currency that (i) can be encoded with specific rules and conditions that allow it to be automatically controlled and used according to predefined parameters; (ii) has capabilities allowing for the denial or approva
l
of specific transactions; (iii) allows for user-specific restrictions on usability, or on location, nature, time, or identity of the transaction or parties to the transaction; (iv) expires or diminishes; or (v) can be used implement a social credit score
system.

DENIAL OF A TRANSACTION

This bill prohibits an issuer of programmable money from denying a transaction on the basis of any of the following:



A person's political opinions, speech, or affiliations.


A person's religious beliefs, religious exercise, or religious affiliations.


A person's gender, skin color, ethnicity, or sexual orientation.


A person's medical history.


A person's location, purchase, or browsing history.


A person's place of residence or current location.


Any factor related to a person's business sector.


The use of a rating, scoring, analysis, tabulation, or action that considers a social credit score based on factors that include: (i) any of the above; (ii) a person's lawful ownership of a firearm; (iii) a person's engagement in the lawful manufacture, distribution, sale, purchase, or use of firearms, firearms accessories, or ammunition; (iv) a person's engagement in the exploration, production, utilization, transportation, sale, or manufacture of fossil fuel-based energy, timber, mining, or agriculture; (v) a person's support of the state or federal government in combatting illegal immigration, drug trafficking, or human trafficking; (vi) a person's engagement with
, facilitation of, employment by, support of, business or other relationship with, representation of, or advocacy for any person described
above; (vii) a person's failure to meet environmental standards, social governance standards or requirements, corporate board or company employment composition standards or requirements, or policies or procedures requiring or encouraging employee participation in social justice programming; or (viii) any other lawful act or behavior.

This bill prohibits an issuer of programmable money from causing or allowing for the denial or failure of transactions based on any of the above-listed criteria, whether through direct action, automation, or programming. As used in such prohibition, "al
low for the denial or failure" includes any act or omission by the issuer relating to the programmable money issued by the issuer, including automatic actions caused by computer code, algorithms, or artificial intelligence. However, an issuer may decline
a
transaction that constitutes a criminal offense or payment for a criminal act.

This bill authorizes either party to a denied transaction to request a statement of specific reasons for the denial within 90 days. The issuer must transmit the statement of specific reasons within 30 days of receiving the affected party's request. Thi
s bill requires such a statement to include (i) a detailed explanation of the basis for the denial, restriction, or termination of service; (ii) a copy of the terms of service agreed to by the person and the issuer; and (iii) a citation to the specific pr
ov
isions of the terms of service upon which the issuer relief to refuse to provide, restrict, or terminate service.

However, this bill clarifies that its provisions do not prohibit an investment in cryptocurrency by any private party.

REMEDIES AND PENALTIES

A
violation of this bill

constitutes a violation of the
Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977 and is subject to the penalties and remedies as provided in that Act, which includes, but is not limited to, restraining orders, injunctions, private rights of action, and damages.
Further, the commissioner of financial institutions may institute proceedings against a state-chartered bank that is an issuer of programmable money for a violation of this bill. The secretary of state may rescind the authority of an issuer of programm
able money to do business in this s
tate if the issuer of programmable money knowingly, intentionally, or repeatedly violates this bill.

This bill allows a party harmed by a violation of this bill to bring a suit for statutory and declaratory relief, and actual and punitive damages against the violating party. Further, a prevailing plaintiff is entitled to reasonable attorney fees. A co
urt must award punitive damages equal to the greater of three times the actual damages or three times the amount of the awarded attorney fees. Such an action may be brought in chancery court in the plaintiff's county of residence, the county where the vi
ol
ation occurred, the county where the defendant is domiciled, or in Davidson County.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
SENATE BILL 2071
By Watson

HOUSE BILL 2039
By Hulsey
HB2039
009710
- 1 -

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47,
relative to programmable money.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:
SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 47-1-201(b)(25)(C), is amended by
deleting the subdivision and substituting:
(C) Does not include:
(i) A central bank digital currency; or
(ii) Programmable money;
SECTION 2. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 47-1-201(b), is amended by adding
the following as a new subdivision:
( ) "Programmable money" means money or currency that:
(A) Can be encoded with specific rules and conditions that allow it to be
automatically controlled and used according to predefined parameters;
(B) Has capabilities allowing for the denial or approval of specific
transactions;
(C) Allows for user-specific restrictions on usability, or on location,
nature, time, or identity of the transaction or parties to the transaction;
(D) Expires or diminishes, other than being subject to ordinary inflation;
or
(E) Can be used to implement a social credit score system;
SECTION 3. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 47-9-102(a)(29), is amended by
deleting the subdivision and substituting:
(29) "Deposit account":

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(A) Means a demand, time, savings, passbook, or similar account
maintained with a bank; and
(B) Does not include:
(i) Investment property;
(ii) Accounts evidenced by an instrument;
(iii) A central bank digital currency; or
(iv) Programmable money;
SECTION 4. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, Chapter 10, is amended by adding
the following language as a new part:
47-10-301.
(a) It is unlawful to require any person to use programmable money for any
transaction. For purposes of this subsection (a), requiring a person to use
programmable money includes offering or accepting payments only in programmable
money and not accepting or offering a nondigital alternative free of charge.
(b) It is unlawful for an issuer of programmable money to deny a transaction on
the basis of:
(1) A person's political opinions, speech, or affiliations;
(2) A person's religious beliefs, religious exercise, or religious affiliations;
(3) A person's gender, skin color, ethnicity, or sexual orientation;
(4) A person's medical history, including, but not limited to, vaccination
status or participation or non-participation in any treatment, procedure, or
diagnosis;
(5) A person's location, purchase, or browsing history;
(6) A person's place of residence or current location;
(7) Any factor related to a person's business sector; or

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(8) The use of a rating, scoring, analysis, tabulation, or action that
considers a social credit score based on factors that include:
(A) A person's political opinions, speech, or affiliations;
(B) A person's religious beliefs, religious exercise, or religious
affiliations;
(C) A person's gender, skin color, ethnicity, or sexual orientation;
(D) A person's medical history, including, but not limited to,
vaccination status or participation or non-participation in any treatment,
procedure, or diagnosis;
(E) A person's location history, purchase history, or browsing
history;
(F) A person's place of residence or current location;
(G) A person's lawful ownership of a firearm;
(H) A person's engagement in the lawful manufacture,
distribution, sale, purchase, or use of firearms, firearms accessories, or
ammunition;
(I) A person's engagement in the exploration, production,
utilization, transportation, sale, or manufacture of fossil fuel-based
energy, timber, mining, or agriculture;
(J) A person's support of the state or federal government in
combatting illegal immigration, drug trafficking, or human trafficking;
(K) A person's engagement with, facilitation of, employment by,
support of, business or other relationship with, representation of, or
advocacy for any person described in this subsection (b);

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(L) A person's failure to meet or commit to meet, or expected
failure to meet, any of the following, as long as such person is in
compliance with applicable state or federal law:
(i) Environmental standards, including emissions
standards, benchmarks, requirements, or disclosures;
(ii) Social governance standards, benchmarks, or
requirements, including environmental or social justice;
(iii) Corporate board or company employment composition
standards, benchmarks, requirements, or disclosures based on
characteristics protected under title 4, chapter 21; or
(iv) Policies or procedures requiring or encouraging
employee participation in social justice programming, including
diversity, equity, or inclusion training; or
(M) Any other lawful act or behavior.
(c) It is unlawful for an issuer of programmable money to cause or allow for the
denial or failure of transactions based on the criteria listed in subsection (b), whether
through direct action, automation, or programming. For purposes of this subsection (c),
to "allow for the denial or failure" includes any act or omission by the issuer relating to
the programmable money issued by the issuer, including automatic actions caused by
computer code, algorithms, or artificial intelligence used by, on behalf of, or in support of,
the issuer, the issuer's product, and affiliates.
(d) If an issuer of programmable money denies a transaction, then either party to
the denied transaction may request a statement of specific reasons for the denial within
ninety (90) days of the denial. The affected party may request the statement from a
customer service representative or designated account representative by phone, mail, or

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electronic mail. Unless otherwise prohibited by federal law, the issuer shall transmit the
statement of specific reasons by mail and electronic mail, if known to the issuer, within
thirty (30) days of receiving the affected party's request. The statement of specific
reasons must include:
(1) A detailed explanation of the basis for the denial, restriction, or
termination of service, including a description of any of the speech, religious
exercise, business activity with a particular industry, or other conduct that was, in
whole or in part, the basis of the programmable money issuer's denial, restriction,
or termination of service;
(2) A copy of the terms of service agreed to by the person and the issuer;
and
(3) A citation to the specific provisions of the terms of service upon which
the issuer relied to refuse to provide, restrict, or terminate service.
(e) This section does not prohibit an issuer of programmable money from
declining a transaction that constitutes a criminal offense or payment for a criminal act.
47-10-302.
(a) In addition to the remedies and penalties provided under this part, a violation
of this part constitutes a violation of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977,
compiled in chapter 18, part 1, of this title. A violation of this part constitutes an unfair or
deceptive act or practice affecting trade or commerce and is subject to the penalties and
remedies of the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act of 1977.
(b) The commissioner of financial institutions, in the name of the state, is
authorized to institute proceedings pursuant to § 45-1-122 against a state-chartered
bank that is an issuer of programmable money that has violated this part.

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(c) The secretary of state may rescind the authority of an issuer of
programmable money to do business in this state if the issuer of programmable money
knowingly, intentionally, or repeatedly violates § 47-10-301.
47-10-303.
(a) A party aggrieved by a violation of § 47-10-301 may bring suit for statutory
and declaratory relief, as well as actual and punitive damages against the violating party.
(b) A prevailing plaintiff is entitled to reasonable attorney fees.
(c) A court shall award punitive damages of an amount equal to either three (3)
times the actual damages or three (3) times the amount of the awarded attorney fees,
whichever is greater.
(d) If a court finds that the conditions described in § 47-10-302(c) are met, then
the court may order the secretary of state to revoke the defendant's certificate of
authority.
(e) A suit to enforce or alleging a violation of this part may be brought in
chancery court in the plaintiff's county of residence, the county where the violation
occurred, the county where the defendant is domiciled, or in Davidson County.
47-10-304.
This part does not prohibit an investment in cryptocurrency by any private party.
SECTION 5. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 47-18-104(b), is amended by adding
the following as a new subdivision:
( ) A violation of § 47-10-301;
SECTION 6. If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance
is held invalid, then the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of the act that
can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to that end, the provisions of
this act are severable.

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SECTION 7. This act takes effect July 1, 2026, the public welfare requiring it.