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HB2194 • 2026

Education, Higher

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 49, Chapter 7; Title 49, Chapter 8 and Title 49, Chapter 9, relative to public institutions of higher education.

Education
Passed Legislature

This bill passed both chambers and reached final enrollment, even if later executive action is not shown here.

Sponsor
Zachary, Lowe
Last action
2026-04-07
Official status
Transmitted to Governor for his action.
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The exact implications for current tenure cases before July 1, 2026 are unclear.

Higher Education Policies for Tennessee

This act requires public higher education institutions in Tennessee to adopt policies that separate tenure decisions from disciplinary actions, protect free expression on campus, and ensure due process for faculty members.

What This Bill Does

  • Requires each public institution of higher education to create policies supporting institutional neutrality, free expression, and civil discourse.
  • Requires these institutions to post their policies online.
  • Changes rules about how tenure decisions are made by separating them from disciplinary actions for faculty members.
  • Ensures that both tenured and non-tenured faculty receive the same treatment in disciplinary procedures.
  • Gives chief academic officers or chief executive officers authority to impose discipline on faculty, regardless of their tenure status.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Public institutions of higher education in Tennessee
  • Faculty members at these institutions

Terms To Know

tenure
A job guarantee for faculty members based on their performance and contributions to the institution.
disciplinary action
Actions taken by an institution against a faculty member due to misconduct or violation of policies.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify what happens if the governor vetoes it.
  • It is unclear how these changes will affect current tenure cases before July 1, 2026.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

Amendment 1-0 to HB2194

Plain English: The amendment changes a part of the bill to give more authority to university leaders in disciplining faculty members who break rules.

  • Removes and replaces an existing section that allows university leaders to take action against faculty members, including suspension or termination, if they violate institutional policies or professional standards.
  • The amendment text does not provide specific details about the types of violations or the process for taking disciplinary actions.
  • It is unclear how this change will affect tenured and non-tenured faculty members differently beyond mentioning their status.

Bill History

  1. 2026-04-07 Tennessee General Assembly

    Transmitted to Governor for his action.

  2. 2026-04-01 Tennessee General Assembly

    Signed by Senate Speaker

  3. 2026-04-01 Tennessee General Assembly

    Signed by H. Speaker

  4. 2026-03-24 Tennessee General Assembly

    Enrolled; ready for sig. of H. Speaker.

  5. 2026-03-23 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed Senate, Ayes 25, Nays 5

  6. 2026-03-23 Tennessee General Assembly

    Senate substituted House Bill for companion Senate Bill.

  7. 2026-03-23 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  8. 2026-03-23 Tennessee General Assembly

    Companion House Bill substituted

  9. 2026-03-20 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Regular Calendar for 3/23/2026

  10. 2026-03-12 Tennessee General Assembly

    Received from House, Passed on First Consideration

  11. 2026-03-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Recommended for passage, refer to Senate Calendar Committee

  12. 2026-03-10 Tennessee General Assembly

    Engrossed; ready for transmission to Sen.

  13. 2026-03-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  14. 2026-03-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed H., as am., Ayes 70, Nays 21, PNV 1

  15. 2026-03-09 Tennessee General Assembly

    H. adopted am. (Amendment 1 - HA0586)

  16. 2026-03-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    H. Placed on Regular Calendar for 3/9/2026

  17. 2026-03-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Education Committee calendar for 3/11/2026

  18. 2026-03-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. Calendar & Rules Committee for 3/5/2026

  19. 2026-03-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Reset on Final calendar of Senate Education Committee

  20. 2026-03-03 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rec. for pass. if am., ref. to Calendar & Rules Committee

  21. 2026-02-26 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on Senate Education Committee calendar for 3/4/2026

  22. 2026-02-25 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on cal. Education Committee for 3/3/2026

  23. 2026-02-18 Tennessee General Assembly

    Rec. for pass by s/c ref. to Education Committee

  24. 2026-02-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Placed on s/c cal Higher Education Subcommittee for 2/18/2026

  25. 2026-02-11 Tennessee General Assembly

    Sponsor(s) Added.

  26. 2026-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Assigned to s/c Higher Education Subcommittee

  27. 2026-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    P2C, ref. to Education Committee

  28. 2026-02-05 Tennessee General Assembly

    Passed on Second Consideration, refer to Senate Education Committee

  29. 2026-02-04 Tennessee General Assembly

    Intro., P1C.

  30. 2026-02-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

  31. 2026-02-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Introduced, Passed on First Consideration

  32. 2026-02-02 Tennessee General Assembly

    Filed for introduction

Official Summary Text

This bill requires each

public institution of higher education to:

(1) Adopt policies to preserve the essential principles of institutional neutrality, free expression, and civil discourse, and to preserve a campus climate that allows for the free expression of all viewpoints with respect; and

(2) Post the policies adopted pursuant to (1) on the institution's website.

This full text of this bill includes a statement of legislative findings and intent concerning the importance of tenure and separating the processes of tenure and disciplinary action.

Present law requires the board of regents and each state university board to promulgate a tenure policy and develop procedures for the termination of faculty with tenure for adequate cause. Present law authorizes a faculty member who has been awarded te
nure and who has been dismissed or suspended for cause to obtain de novo judicial review of the final decision in chancery court.

Present law authorizes the board of trustees for the University of Tennessee to adopt policies governing the granting and removal of tenure for faculty members.

This bill requires the board of regents and each state university board to adopt and implement policies that clearly distinguish between tenure decisions and disciplinary actions for faculty members. The policies must:

(1) Ensure that awarding, denial, or revocation of tenure is not used as a form of discipline;

(2) Ensure that disciplinary actions do not alter or suspend a faculty member's tenure status except as provided by institutional policy and after providing the faculty member due process;

(3) Provide disciplinary procedures that are the same for tenured and non-tenured faculty for a faculty member's misconduct;

(4) Ensure due process for a faculty member; and

(5) Comply with applicable law.

This bill specifies that the chancellor of the board of regents and the chief executive officer or chief academic officer of an institution governed by a state university board retains the authority to impose disciplinary actions on faculty members who v
iolate institutional policies or professional standards, without regard to tenure, that are consistent with the tenure policies required by this bill.

Under this bill, prior to termination or suspension based on an allegation of misconduct, a tenured or non-tenured faculty member is only entitled to a written notice of the grounds for termination or suspension and an opportunity to be heard by the inst
itution's chief academic officer or chief executive officer. All terminations and suspensions based on an allegation of misconduct by the tenured or non-tenured faculty must be made by the institution's chief executive officer or chief academic officer w
it
hout any recommendation or vote by another faculty member at the institution.

If the board of trustees for the University of Tennessee adopts a policy to award tenure, then this bill places the same policy and procedural requirements on the board as described above for the board of regents and state university boards.

Under this bill, the statutory right to review of a decision to suspend or dismiss a tenured faculty member at an institution governed by the board of regents or a state university board will only apply to actions taken prior to July 1, 2026.

ON MARCH 9, 2026, THE HOUSE ADOPTED AMENDMENT #1 AND PASSED HOUSE BILL 2194, AS AMENDED.

AMENDMENT #1 clarifies that this bill reserves the disciplinary authority over faculty members of the chief executive officer or chief academic officer of an institution governed by a state university board or board of regents, and not of the chancellor o
f the board of regents.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
SENATE BILL 2259
By Lowe

HOUSE BILL 2194
By Zachary
HB2194
012514
- 1 -

AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 49,
Chapter 7; Title 49, Chapter 8 and Title 49,
Chapter 9, relative to public institutions of higher
education.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:
SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 49, Chapter 7, Part 1, is amended by
adding the following as a new section:
Each public institution of higher education shall adopt policies to preserve the
essential principles of institutional neutrality, free expression, and civil discourse, and to
preserve a campus climate that allows for the free expression of all viewpoints with
respect. The policies adopted pursuant to this section must be posted on the institution's
website.
SECTION 2. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 49-8-301(b), is amended by deleting
subdivision (4).
SECTION 3. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 49-8-302, is amended by deleting the
section and substituting:
(a) The general assembly finds and declares that:
(1) Academic tenure serves as an important safeguard for academic
freedom, the advancement of knowledge, and the protection of intellectual
independence in public institutions of higher education;
(2) The safeguarding of tenure must be balanced with the responsibility
of institutional leadership to ensure accountability, integrity, and appropriate
professional conduct within the faculty;

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(3) The processes of tenure and disciplinary action against a faculty
member for cause are distinct in purpose and effect, and must remain separate
to protect both academic freedom and administrative authority; and
(4) It is the intent of the general assembly to affirm that administrators of
public institutions and governing boards possess clear authority to discipline or
remove faculty members for cause, while preserving the independence of tenure
decisions from disciplinary actions.
(b) The board of regents and each state university board shall adopt and
implement policies that clearly distinguish between tenure decisions and disciplinary
actions for faculty members.
(c) The policies adopted pursuant to subsection (b) must:
(1) Ensure that awarding, denial, or revocation of tenure is not used as a
form of discipline;
(2) Ensure that disciplinary actions do not alter or suspend a faculty
member's tenure status except as provided by institutional policy and after
providing the faculty member due process;
(3) Provide disciplinary procedures that are the same for tenured and
non-tenured faculty for a faculty member's misconduct;
(4) Ensure due process for a faculty member; and
(5) Comply with applicable state and federal law.
(d) The chancellor of the board of regents and the chief executive officer or chief
academic officer of an institution governed by a state university board retains the
authority to impose disciplinary actions, including suspension or termination for cause,
on faculty members who violate institutional policies or professional standards,

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regardless of whether the faculty member is tenured or non-tenured, that are consistent
with the policies adopted by the governing board pursuant to subsection (b).
(e) Prior to termination or suspension based on an allegation of misconduct, a
tenured or non-tenured faculty member is only entitled to a written notice of the grounds
for termination or suspension and an opportunity to be heard by the institution's chief
academic officer or chief executive officer. All terminations and suspensions based on
an allegation of misconduct by the tenured or non-tenured faculty must be made by the
institution's chief executive officer or chief academic officer without any recommendation
or vote by another faculty member at the institution.
(f) This section does not limit the authority of the board of regents or a state
university board to deny tenure based on performance, qualifications, or institutional
needs if the decisions are made independently of any disciplinary proceedings.
SECTION 4. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 49-8-303, is amended by deleting the
section.
SECTION 5. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 49-8-304(a), is amended by adding
"prior to July 1, 2026," after "for cause".
SECTION 6. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 49-9-209(d)(1)(H), is amended by
deleting the subdivision and substituting:
(H) Have authority to adopt policies governing the granting and removal of
tenure for faculty members consistent with § 49-9-108;
SECTION 7. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 49, Chapter 9, Part 1, is amended by
adding the following as a new section:
49-9-108.
(a) The general assembly finds and declares that:

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(1) Academic tenure serves as an important safeguard for academic
freedom, the advancement of knowledge, and the protection of intellectual
independence in public institutions of higher education;
(2) The safeguarding of tenure must be balanced with the responsibility
of institutional leadership to ensure accountability, integrity, and appropriate
professional conduct within the faculty;
(3) The processes of tenure and disciplinary action against a faculty
member for cause are distinct in purpose and effect, and must remain separate
to protect both academic freedom and administrative authority; and
(4) It is the intent of the general assembly to affirm that the board of
trustees of the University of Tennessee system and administrators of the
institutions possess clear authority to discipline or remove faculty members for
cause, while preserving the independence of tenure decisions from disciplinary
actions.
(b) If the board of trustees of the University of Tennessee system adopts a policy
to award tenure pursuant to § 49-9-209(d)(1)(H), then the board of trustees shall adopt
and implement policies that clearly distinguish between tenure decisions and disciplinary
actions for faculty members.
(c) The policies adopted pursuant to subsection (b) must:
(1) Ensure that awarding, denial, or revocation of tenure is not used as a
form of discipline;
(2) Ensure that disciplinary actions do not alter or suspend a faculty
member's tenure status except as provided by institutional policy and after
providing the faculty member due process;

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(3) Provide disciplinary procedures that are the same for tenured and
non-tenured faculty for a faculty member's misconduct;
(4) Ensure due process for a faculty member; and
(5) Comply with applicable state and federal law.
(d) The chief executive officer or chief academic officer of an institution governed
by the board of trustees of the University of Tennessee system retains the authority to
impose disciplinary actions, including suspension or termination for cause, on faculty
members who violate institutional policies or professional standards, regardless of
whether the faculty member is tenured or non-tenured, that are consistent with the
policies adopted by the board of trustees pursuant to subsection (b).
(e) Prior to termination or suspension based on an allegation of misconduct, a
tenured or non-tenured faculty member is only entitled to a written notice of the grounds
for termination or suspension and an opportunity to be heard by the institution's chief
academic officer or chief executive officer. All terminations and suspensions based on
an allegation of misconduct by the tenured or non-tenured faculty must be made by the
institution's chief executive officer or chief academic officer without any recommendation
or vote by another faculty member at the institution.
(f) This section does not limit the authority of the board of trustees to deny
tenure based on performance, qualifications, or institutional needs if the decisions are
made independently of any disciplinary proceedings.
SECTION 8. For purposes of adopting policies, this act takes effect upon becoming a
law, the public welfare requiring it. For all other purposes, this act takes effect July 1, 2026, the
public welfare requiring it, and applies to the 2026-2027 academic year and each academic year
thereafter.