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HB1180 • 2026

Income tax, state; free tax filing program for individuals.

An Act to amend and reenact § 58.1-202.3 of the Code of Virginia and to repeal Chapter 535 of the Acts of Assembly of 2010, relating to Department of Taxation; free tax filing program for individuals.

Taxes
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Pope Adams
Last action
2026-03-31
Official status
Acts of Assembly Chapter
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The official source material does not provide specific details on how the program will be funded or implemented beyond its requirements and compatibility with existing systems.

Free Tax Filing Program for Individuals

This act requires the Virginia Department of Taxation to create a free online state income tax filing program similar to the IRS Direct File Program, starting in 2028.

What This Bill Does

  • Requires the Tax Commissioner to develop and offer a free individual state income tax filing program for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2028.
  • The new program must be similar to the IRS Direct File Program as it existed during the 2025 tax season.
  • The Tax Commissioner needs to consider compatibility with the IRS's system and consult other states that have free electronic filing services.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Individual taxpayers in Virginia who file state income taxes.
  • The Tax Commissioner and the Department of Taxation.

Terms To Know

Taxable year
A period, usually a calendar year, during which income is earned and taxed.
IRS Direct File Program
An IRS program that allows taxpayers to file their federal tax returns electronically for free.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify the exact details of how the new program will be implemented or funded.
  • It is unclear what specific changes will be made to eligibility criteria compared to the IRS Direct File Program.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

HB1180AHC1

2026-02-02

Finance Amendment

Plain English: The amendment removes the word 'not' from a specific line in the bill text.

  • Removes the word 'not' from line 32 of the bill.
  • The exact impact of removing 'not' is unclear without seeing the full context and surrounding language.
HB1180AHC2

2026-02-03 • Committee

Subcommittee #1 Subcommittee Amendment

Plain English: The amendment removes the word 'not' from a specific line in the bill text.

  • Removes the word 'not' from line 32 of the bill.
  • It is unclear what removing this single word will change without seeing the full context and surrounding language.
HB1180AH1

2026-02-04 • Committee

Finance Amendment

Plain English: The amendment removes the word 'not' from a specific line in the bill text.

  • Removes the word 'not' from line 32 of the bill.
  • It is unclear what removing this single word will change without seeing the full context.

Bill History

  1. 2026-03-31 Governor

    Approved by Governor-Chapter 31 (effective 7/1/2026)

  2. 2026-03-31 Governor

    Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0031)

  3. 2026-03-10 House

    Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 10, 2026

  4. 2026-03-10 Governor

    Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

  5. 2026-02-24 House

    Fiscal Impact statement From TAX (2/24/2026 7:54 am)

  6. 2026-02-23 House

    Signed by Speaker

  7. 2026-02-23 Senate

    Signed by President

  8. 2026-02-23 House

    Enrolled

  9. 2026-02-23 House

    Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB1180ER)

  10. 2026-02-19 Senate

    Read third time

  11. 2026-02-19 Senate

    Passed Senate Block Vote (39-Y 0-N 0-A)

  12. 2026-02-18 Senate

    Read second time

  13. 2026-02-18 Senate

    Passed by for the day

  14. 2026-02-18 Senate

    Rules suspended

  15. 2026-02-18 Senate

    Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (38-Y 0-N 0-A)

  16. 2026-02-17 Finance and Appropriations

    Reported from Finance and Appropriations (13-Y 0-N)

  17. 2026-02-16 House

    Fiscal Impact statement From TAX (2/16/2026 2:27 pm)

  18. 2026-02-16 House

    Fiscal Impact statement From TAX (2/16/2026 4:56 pm)

  19. 2026-02-11 Senate

    Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)

  20. 2026-02-11 Finance and Appropriations

    Referred to Committee on Finance and Appropriations

  21. 2026-02-10 House

    Read third time and passed House Block Vote (98-Y 0-N 0-A)

  22. 2026-02-09 House

    Read second time

  23. 2026-02-09 House

    committee amendment agreed to

  24. 2026-02-09 House

    Engrossed by House as amended

  25. 2026-02-06 House

    Read first time

  26. 2026-02-04 Finance

    Reported from Finance with amendment(s) (22-Y 0-N)

  27. 2026-02-02 Subcommittee #1

    Subcommittee recommends reporting with amendment(s) (10-Y 0-N)

  28. 2026-02-02 Subcommittee #1

    House subcommittee offered

  29. 2026-01-26 House

    Fiscal Impact statement From TAX (1/26/2026 8:22 pm)

  30. 2026-01-14 House

    Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26100215D

  31. 2026-01-14 Finance

    Referred to Committee on Finance

Official Summary Text

Department of Taxation; free tax filing program for individuals.
Directs the Tax Commissioner to develop and offer a free individual state income tax filing program, effective beginning in taxable year 2028, that is similar to the federal Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Direct File Program as it existed during the 2025 tax filing season. The bill contains technical amendments that remove obsolete language regarding fillable forms. This bill is identical to SB 591.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
An Act to amend and reenact §
58.1-202.3
of the Code of Virginia and to repeal Chapter 535 of the Acts of Assembly of 2010, relating to Department of Taxation; free tax filing program for individuals.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §
58.1-202.3
of the Code of Virginia is amended and reenacted as follows:
§
58.1-202.3
. Fillable tax forms.
The Tax Commissioner shall ensure that all required state tax forms are fillable forms in a portable document format
for taxable periods beginning on and after January 1, 2012,
and are available on the Department of Taxation's website.
The Tax Commissioner shall begin making fillable forms available no later than January 1, 2012, and shall make all fillable forms available no later than March 1, 2013.
The Tax Commissioner shall develop guidelines for using such forms and publish them on the Department's website.
Nothing in this section shall replace, supersede, modify, duplicate, or compete with the Virginia Free File program in its provision of online interactive tax software and filing products and services for Virginia taxpayers.
2. That Chapter 535 of the Acts of Assembly of 2010 is repealed.
3. That, having established the Virginia Free File program based on the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Free File program pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 535 of the Acts of Assembly of 2010, the Tax Commissioner shall develop and offer a modern electronic tax return filing services program directly to Virginia individual taxpayers without monetary charge. Such program shall be made available to Virginia individual taxpayers in taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2028. In implementing such new program, the Tax Commissioner shall (a) consider the compatibility, security, and integration of such program with the publicly available source code of the IRS Direct File Program as it existed during the 2025 tax filing season; (b) consult with other states that have developed free electronic filing services for individual taxpayers in the past five years as necessary; and (c) develop eligibility criteria for such new program that are less restrictive than the eligibility criteria established for participation in the IRS Direct File Program as it existed during the 2025 tax filing season. The Tax Commissioner shall develop eligibility criteria for such program, establish and offer such new program for taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2028, and ensure that such new program is updated as needed for compatibility with any free direct tax e-file system offered by the federal government.