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HB1265 • 2026

Courthouses; certain civil arrests prohibited, definition, penalty.

<p class=ldtitle>A BILL to amend and reenact §§ 8.01-327.1 and 8.01-327.2 of the Code of Virginia and to amend the Code of Virginia by adding in Article 5 of Chapter 8 of Title 8.01 sections numbered 8.01-327.3 and 8.01-327.4, relating to certain civil arrests prohibited in courthouses; penalty.</p>

Crime
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Glass
Last action
2026-02-06
Official status
Incorporated
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The effective date for when these new laws start is not specified in the provided source material.

Prohibits Civil Arrests in Courthouses

This law stops certain types of arrests from happening inside courthouses and sets penalties for breaking these rules.

What This Bill Does

  • Defines 'civil arrest' as taking someone into custody under specific civil laws to get them to answer questions or follow court orders.
  • Protects people required to attend court, their family members, and witnesses from being arrested while going to or coming back from the courthouse.
  • Requires anyone with the right to make a civil arrest to show proper papers and have them checked by a judge or lawyer before entering the courthouse to do an arrest.

Who It Names or Affects

  • People who need to go to court
  • Family members of people going to court
  • Witnesses attending court with someone else

Terms To Know

Civil arrest
Taking a person into custody under civil laws to get them to answer questions or follow orders from the court.
Contempt of court
Breaking rules set by the court, which can lead to punishment like fines or jail time.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify what happens if someone violates these rules outside of a courthouse.
  • It is unclear how this law will be enforced in practice.
  • The effective date for when the new laws start has not been set yet.

Bill History

  1. 2026-02-06 Subcommittee #3

    Subcommittee recommends incorporating (Voice Vote)

  2. 2026-02-06 Public Safety

    Incorporated by Public Safety (HB650-Callsen) (Voice Vote)

  3. 2026-02-04 House

    Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB1265)

  4. 2026-02-03 Subcommittee #3

    Assigned HMPPS sub: Subcommittee #3

  5. 2026-01-28 Courts of Justice

    Referred from Courts of Justice and referred to Public Safety (Voice Vote)

  6. 2026-01-14 House

    Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26103200D

  7. 2026-01-14 Courts of Justice

    Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

Official Summary Text

Certain civil arrests prohibited in courthouses; penalty.
Provides that a party who is required to attend any court of the Commonwealth, or such party's family or household member or person attending the court with such party to serve as a witness, shall be privileged from civil arrest, defined in the bill, while attending, going to, or coming from the court. The bill also prohibits a person with the lawful authority to perform civil arrests from entering a courthouse to conduct a civil arrest unless he complies with certain requirements, including presenting a judicial warrant or judicial order authorizing the civil arrest to the appropriate courthouse officer or employee. Additionally, the bill requires that any judicial warrant or judicial order authorizing the civil arrest be reviewed by a designated judicial officer or attorney before a civil arrest pursuant to such warrant or order can be performed. Finally, the bill provides that any person who conducts a civil arrest, or facilitates or assists with the performance of, a civil arrest in violation of the provisions of the bill shall be punished with contempt of court.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
A BILL to amend and reenact §§
8.01-327.1
and
8.01-327.2
of the Code of Virginia and to amend the Code of Virginia by adding in Article 5 of Chapter 8 of Title 8.01 sections numbered
8.01-327.3
and
8.01-327.4
, relating to certain civil arrests prohibited in courthouses; penalty.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:

1. That §§
8.01-327.1
and
8.01-327.2
of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted and that the Code of Virginia is amended by adding in Article 5 of Chapter 8 of Title 8.01 sections numbered
8.01-327.3
and
8.01-327.4
as follows:

§
8.01-327.1
. Definition of "arrest under civil process."

The terms "arrest under civil process" and "civil arrest" shall be synonymous and shall be the apprehending and detaining of a person pursuant to specific provisions of this title to achieve the following:

1. A full and proper answer or response to interrogatories under §
8.01-506
;
or

2. His obedience to the orders, judgments, and decrees of any court.

"Arrest under civil process" and "civil arrest" do not include an arrest for contempt of court pursuant to th
e provisions of Article 5 (§
18.2-456
et seq.) of Chapter 10 of Title 18.2 or other relevant provision
s
of law
under
which the court proceeding is taking place or is scheduled to take place.

§
8.01-327.2
. Who are privileged from arrest under civil process.

In addition to the exemptions made by §§
8.01-327.3
,
30-4
,
30-6
,
30-7
,
30-8
,
19.2-280
, and
44-97
, the following persons shall not be arrested, apprehended, or detained under any civil process during the times respectively herein set forth, but shall not otherwise be privileged from service of civil process by this section:

1. The President of the United States, and the Governor of the Commonwealth at all times during their terms of office;

2. The Lieutenant Governor of the Commonwealth during attendance at sessions of the General Assembly and while going to and from such sessions;

3. Members of either house of the Congress of the United States during the session of Congress and for fifteen days next before the beginning and after the ending of any session, and during any time that they are serving on any committee or performing any other service under an order or request of either house of Congress;

4. A judge, grand juror or witness, required by lawful authority to attend any court or place, during such attendance and while going to and from such court or place;

5.
A party required by lawful authority to attend any court of the Commonwealth,
such party's family or household member
as defined in §
16.1-228
, or
a person attending th
e court with such party to serve as a witness for such party
during such attendance or while going to or from
the
court
;

6.
Members of the National Guard while going to, attending at, or returning from, any muster or court-martial;

6
.
7
.

Ministers of the gospel while engaged in performing religious services in a place where a congregation is assembled and while going to and returning from such place; and

7
.

8
.

Voters going to, attending at, or returning from an election. Such privilege shall only be on the days of such attendance.

§
8.01-327.3
.
Requirements to
e
ffect certain civil arrests in a c
ourthouse.

A.
No person with
the lawful authority to perform civil arrests shall conduct a civil arrest in a
courthouse unless such person, upon entering
the courthouse, provides to the appropriate courthouse officer or employee (i) his identification; (ii)
that his reason for entering the courthouse is to effect a civil arrest; and (iii) a judicial warrant or judicial order authorizing the civil
arrest.

B. No courthouse officer or employee
shall permit
any person to access a courthouse to conduct a civil arrest unless the person presents a valid judicial warrant or judicial order authorizing the civil arrest and
such judicial warrant or judicial order has been reviewed
, and its auth
enticity confirmed in writing,
by a designated judicial officer or
discreet and competent attorney at law
.

The provisions of this section shall apply to courts of record as defined in §
1-212
and courts not of record as defined in §
16.1-69.5
.

Nothing in this
section shall be construed to authorize
the civil arrest of any
person
otherwise
exempt
from such civil arrest by §§
8.01-327.3
,
30-4
,
30-6
,
30-7
,
30-8
,
19.2-280
, and
44-97
.

§
8.01-327
.
4
. Penalty for
conducting prohibited civil arrest.

A.
Any action taken
to perform a civil arrest

in
willful violation of
§
8.01-327.3
, including conducting a prohibited civil arrest, or facilitating or assisting with
the performance of a
prohibited
civil arrest,
shall constitute contempt of court.

B. In addition to any other right or remedy
, a person may bring a civil action for appropriate equitable, in
junctive, or declaratory relief against another person who willfully violates the provisions of §
8.01-327.3
.
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit or prohibit any person injured by a civil arrest
performed in violation of §
8.01-327.3
from recov
ering damages or other appropriate relief.

C. In addition to any other right or remedy, the Attorney General may bring a civil action against any person who willfully violates this section
.