Back to Virginia

HB1280 • 2026

State correctional facilities; participation of prisoners in employment & education program, report.

<p class=ldtitle>A BILL to amend and reenact §§ 53.1-32.1 and 53.1-32.2 of the Code of Virginia, relating to state correctional facilities; participation of prisoners in employment and educational programs; reentry planning; work group; report.</p>

Crime Education
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Cole, J.G.
Last action
2026-03-04
Official status
Continued
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

Details about the work group's recommendations and guidelines are incomplete in the provided text.

Prisoners' Employment and Education Programs

This bill changes Virginia's laws about employment and education programs for prisoners, requiring them to participate in these programs more often and providing better reentry planning.

What This Bill Does

  • Expands the types of program assignments that the Director of Corrections can place a prisoner into while they are confined in state correctional facilities.
  • Requires the Director to place a prisoner in an appropriate program assignment within 90 days after arriving at a new facility or 60 days after being transferred, with participation for an average of 30 hours per week calculated individually across the calendar year.
  • Expands requirements for reentry plans by including assessments of prisoners' readiness to take high school equivalency tests and making necessary adjustments.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Prisoners in state correctional facilities
  • The Department of Corrections

Terms To Know

Reentry planning
A plan to help prisoners successfully transition back into society after being released from prison.
Peer-led educational programs
Educational programs in prisons that are led by other prisoners who have been trained and qualified to teach or facilitate these classes.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify how the Department of Corrections will fund these expanded programs.
  • It is unclear if all necessary resources will be available for implementing the new requirements.

Bill History

  1. 2026-03-04 Finance and Appropriations

    Continued to 2027 in Finance and Appropriations (15-Y 0-N)

  2. 2026-03-02 Rehabilitation and Social Services

    Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB1280)

  3. 2026-02-27 Rehabilitation and Social Services

    Reported from Rehabilitation and Social Services with substitute and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (15-Y 0-N)

  4. 2026-02-27 Rehabilitation and Social Services

    Committee substitute printed 26108856D-S1

  5. 2026-02-18 Senate

    Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)

  6. 2026-02-18 Rehabilitation and Social Services

    Referred to Committee on Rehabilitation and Social Services

  7. 2026-02-17 House

    Read third time and passed House (91-Y 5-N 0-A)

  8. 2026-02-17 Appropriations

    Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB1280)

  9. 2026-02-16 House

    Read second time

  10. 2026-02-16 House

    committee substitute agreed to

  11. 2026-02-16 House

    Engrossed by House - committee substitute

  12. 2026-02-13 House

    Read first time

  13. 2026-02-11 Appropriations

    Reported from Appropriations with substitute (22-Y 0-N)

  14. 2026-02-11 Transportation & Public Safety

    Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute (7-Y 0-N)

  15. 2026-02-11 Transportation & Public Safety

    House subcommittee offered

  16. 2026-02-11 Appropriations

    Committee substitute printed 26107749D-H1

  17. 2026-02-03 House

    Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB1280)

  18. 2026-01-31 Transportation & Public Safety

    Assigned HAPP sub: Transportation & Public Safety

  19. 2026-01-30 Public Safety

    Reported from Public Safety and referred to Appropriations (18-Y 3-N)

  20. 2026-01-29 Subcommittee #2

    Subcommittee recommends reporting and referring to Appropriations (7-Y 0-N)

  21. 2026-01-23 Subcommittee #2

    Assigned HMPPS sub: Subcommittee #2

  22. 2026-01-14 House

    Presented and ordered printed 26104959D

  23. 2026-01-14 Public Safety

    Referred to Committee on Public Safety

Official Summary Text

State correctional facilities; participation of prisoners in employment and educational programs; reentry planning.
Expands the program assignments in which the Director of the Department of Corrections may place a prisoner while such prisoner is confined in a state correctional facility. The bill requires the Director to place a prisoner in an appropriate program assignment within (i) 90 days of the arrival of a prisoner sentenced to a new term of confinement to a state correctional facility or (ii) 60 days of a prisoner already in custody being transferred to a new state correctional facility and provides that participation in such program assignments shall be for an average of 30 hours per week, calculated individually across the calendar year. Finally, the bill expands upon the requirements for a prisoner's reentry plan, including requiring an assessment, if necessary, of a prisoner's readiness to take a high school equivalency test and any modifications needed for the prisoner to take or improve upon such test, and making available peer and group educational programs developed and led by qualified prisoners.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
HOUSE BILL NO. 1280

AMENDMENT IN THE NATURE OF A SUBSTITUTE

(Proposed by the Senate Committee on Rehabilitation and Social Services

on February 27, 2026)

(Patron Prior to Substitute--Delegate Cole, J.G.)

A BILL to amend and reenact §§
53.1-32.1
and
53.1-32.2
of the Code of Virginia, relating to state correctional facilities; participation of prisoners in employment and educational programs; reentry planning; work group; report.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:

1. That §§
53.1-32.1
and
53.1-32.2
of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted as follows:

§
53.1-32.1
. Classification system; program assignments; mandatory participation.

A. The Director shall maintain a system of classification which (i) evaluates all prisoners according to background, aptitude, education, and risk and (ii) based on an assessment of needs, determines appropriate program assignments including career and technical education, work activities and employment, academic activities which at a minimum meet the requirements of §
66-13.1
,
group and individual
counseling, alcohol and substance abuse
treatment
recovery training
,
technological literacy
training, socioemotional development, mental health and wellness support, health literacy, relationship skills, social capital skills development, financial literacy,
and such related activities as may be necessary to assist prisoners in the successful transition
to

and reintegration into
and ability to thrive in
free society and

the
broader community
with
gainful employment.

B. The Director shall, subject to the availability of resources and sufficient program assignments,
place

make available to all
prisoners
in
appropriate full-time program assignments or a combination thereof to satisfy the objectives of a treatment plan based on an assessment and evaluation of each prisoner's needs. Compliance with specified program requirements and attainment of specific treatment goals shall be required as a condition of placement and continuation in such program assignments. The Director may suspend programs in the event of an institutional emergency.

C. For the purposes of implementing the requirements of subsection B,
prisoners

the Director
shall
be required

make available
to

all prisoners and such prisoners
may
participate in such programs according to the following schedule:

1. From July 1, 1994, through June 30, 1995, an average of 24 hours per week.

2. From July 1, 1995, through June 30, 1996, an average of 28 hours per week.

3. From July 1, 1996, through June 30, 1997, an average of 30 hours per week.

4. From July 1, 1997, through June 30, 1998, an average of 36 hours per week.

5. From July 1, 1998, and thereafter, an average of 40 hours per week.

D. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, prisoners refusing to accept a program assignment
shall
not
may
be
eligible
ineligible
for good conduct allowances or earned sentence credits authorized pursuant to Chapter 6 (§
53.1-186
et seq.) of Title 53.1. Such refusal
shall
may
also constitute a violation of the rules authorized pursuant to §
53.1-25
and the Director shall prescribe appropriate disciplinary action.

E. The Director shall maintain a master program listing, by facility and program location, of all available permanent and temporary positions. The Director may, consistent with §
53.1-43
, establish a system of pay incentives for such assignments based upon difficulty and level of effort required.

F. Inmates employed pursuant to Article 2 (§
53.1-32
et seq.) of Chapter 2 of this title shall not be deemed employees of the Commonwealth of Virginia or its agencies and shall be ineligible for benefits under Chapter 29 (§
2.2-2900
et seq.) of Title 2.2, Chapter 6 (§
60.2-600
et seq.) of Title 60.2, Chapter 5 (§
65.2-500
et seq.) of Title 65.2 or any other provisions of the Code pertaining to the rights of state employees.

G.
No prisoner shall be disqualified from
or classified as a
lower priority
to
participate in
a
ny
requested
program
that would satisfy any element of hi
s
case plan
pursuant to this section
solely due to the length of such prisoner's original o
r remaining sentence, type of conviction, or participation in any other program.

H. Upon enrollment
in any program, the Director shall ensure that disruptions
to enrollment and attendance
, such as suspension or removal from a program,
are minimized to the extent practicable.
No prisoner shall be suspended
, disqualified,
or removed
from a program prior to completing
such program for any disciplinary or security purpose except upon (i)
an
emergency transfer to another facility; (ii)
a
conviction or active
investigation into a criminal violation or major institutional violation; (iii) placement in isolated confinement;
or
(iv) a documented, specific risk to the safety or security of
himself or another person, including other residents or correctional facility staff. Any suspension, disqualification, or removal from any program
shall be limited to a period not to exceed 90 consecutive days for any
single
infraction, investigation, or violation.

§
53.1-32.2
. Reentry planning.

A.
The Department shall develop and implement, in cooperation with and taking into account the individual needs and willingness to participate of the inmate, a comprehensive reentry plan for each person committed to the supervision of the Department, as soon as practicable, considering the prisoner's anticipated release date. Such plan shall identify educational, vocational, therapeutic, and other programs necessary to prepare the person for successful transition from prison to society upon the person's discharge and shall include mentor pairing to the extent possible.

In
identifying such necessary programs, the Department shall assess
each prisoner's existing educational, vocational, social, emotional, technological, and other skills, expertise, certifications, degrees, and capabilities related to programming as described in §
53.1-32.1
to identify areas where
such prisoner can contribute to advancing reentry planning for other prisoners.

Additionally, each reentry plan
, if
applicable
,

shall
(i)
assess a prisoner's readiness to take a
high school equivalency test; (ii)
monitor high school equivalency test score reports to identify areas of improvement; and (iii) modify such plan and related programming to address such areas
of improvement.
The Department shall coordinate any reentry programs provided through the Department pursuant to the reentry plan with any other reentry or other relevant programs offered by any public or private organization or entity at the local, state, or federal level, which are also included in the plan
, including peer support programs, group classes, and
other
classes
or programs provided by external organizations
.

The Department
shall,
within the limits of appropriations made by the Department of Criminal Justice Services or General Assembly,
establish
pre-release and post-incarceration services with preapproved
providers that offer such programs.

B. The Department shall
assess, train, and enlist prisoners in developing, facilitating, mentoring, and otherwise serving
in

leadership roles in
peer and group educational programs
for which such prisoners are qualified to lead
or help facilitate
.
The Department shall, to the extent
practicable, ensure that such peer and group educational programs are available without a waitlist.
Time spent participating
in such programs, including leading such programs as described in this subsection
,
and participating in
programs
offered by external organizations
, shall
count toward
a prisoner's required
weekly

participation
hours
under
§
53.1-32.1
.

2. That the Department of Corrections (the Department) shall convene a work group consisting of relevant stakeholders, including (i) local and regional reentry providers, including Pre-Release and Post-Incarceration Services (PAPIS) member organizations, FailSafe-ERA, and PATH Reentry; (ii) advocates, including advocates from The Humanization Project, the Commonwealth Justice Coalition, and the Reentry and Recovery Alliance; (iii) recent inmates of Department facilities who participated in educational programming; (iv) local and regional reentry councils; (v) mental health professionals or trauma-informed counselors; (vi) social scientists; and (vii) corrections staff, counselors, and administrators. The work group shall develop practical policy and legislative recommendations in order to meet the following goals: (a) develop robust networks of external organizations to provide regular programming at Department facilities across the Commonwealth, (b) maximize the benefits and utilization of peer and group programming led or facilitated by Department inmates, (c) establish a robust set of programs to broaden the range of offered programming types, and (d) develop specific guidelines to safely minimize programming disruptions. The work group shall provide an initial report of its progress and initial findings and suggestions to the General Assembly and the Governor by November 1, 2026. The work group shall report its final findings and specific legislative and policy recommendations to the General Assembly and the Governor by July 1, 2027.