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HB1473 • 2026

Higher educational institutions, public; restrictions on student speech, limitations.

<p class=ldtitle>A BILL to amend and reenact § 23.1-401 of the Code of Virginia, relating to public institutions of higher education; students and campus; restrictions on student speech; limitations.</p>

Education
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Schmidt
Last action
2026-02-11
Official status
Continued
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The official source material does not provide details about penalties or enforcement mechanisms.

Rules for Student Speech at Public Colleges

This law sets rules for public colleges about when they can limit student speech on campus, especially outside buildings.

What This Bill Does

  • Clarifies that public colleges cannot restrict student speech in outdoor areas unless the restrictions meet certain criteria.
  • Prohibits colleges from requiring prior approval or registration for student assemblies in outdoor spaces during daytime hours.
  • Requires colleges to report any restrictions on student speech within 45 days, explaining why they were necessary and how they comply with First Amendment rights.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Public institutions of higher education
  • Students, faculty members, and staff at these institutions

Terms To Know

First Amendment
A part of the U.S. Constitution that protects freedom of speech and other rights.
Significant governmental interest
An important reason for a government action, such as maintaining safety on campus.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The law does not specify what happens if a college fails to comply with reporting requirements.
  • It is unclear how the law will be enforced or what penalties might apply for non-compliance.

Bill History

  1. 2026-02-11 Education

    Continued to 2027 in Education (Voice Vote)

  2. 2026-02-09 Higher Education

    Subcommittee recommends continuing to 2027 (Voice Vote)

  3. 2026-02-09 Higher Education

    House subcommittee offered

  4. 2026-02-06 House

    Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB1473)

  5. 2026-02-05 Higher Education

    Assigned HED sub: Higher Education

  6. 2026-01-23 House

    Presented and ordered printed 26103873D

  7. 2026-01-23 Education

    Referred to Committee on Education

Official Summary Text

Public institutions of higher education; students and campus; restrictions on student speech; limitations.
Clarifies the requirements for and limitations on the ability of a public institution of higher education to impose restrictions on the time, place, or manner of student speech that occurs in outdoor areas of the institution's campus and is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States by (i) clarifying the criteria for demonstrating that the restriction is permissible; (ii) prohibiting any public institution of higher education from imposing certain restrictions, punishments, policies, or restraints designed to restrict student speech in ways that violate the First Amendment rights of students, faculty, and staff; and (iii) requiring any public institution of higher education that deems any student speech or assembly unlawful and imposes a restriction on the time, place, or manner of such speech to submit to the Senate Committee on Education and Health and the House Committee on Education within 45 days of imposing such restriction a report detailing the justification for such restriction, demonstrating how the restriction satisfies the criteria required pursuant to applicable law and the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
HOUSE BILL NO. 1473

AMENDMENT IN THE NATURE OF A SUBSTITUTE

(Proposed by the House Committee on Education

on ________________)

(Patron Prior to Substitute--Delegate Schmidt)

A BILL to amend and reenact §§
23.1-401
and
23.1-401.1
of the Code of Virginia, relating to public institutions of higher education; students and campus; restrictions on student speech; limitations.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:

1. That §§
23.1-401
and
23.1-401.1
of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted as follows:

§
23.1-401
. Restrictions on student speech; limitations.

A
.
No public institution of higher education shall impose restrictions on the time, place, and manner of student speech that (i) occurs in the outdoor areas of the institution's campus and (ii) is protected by the First Amendment to the
United States
Constitution
of the United States
unless the restrictions
(a) are
:

1. Are
reasonable
, (b) are
in relation to the circumstances;

2. Are
justified without reference to the content
or viewpoint
of the regulated speech
, (c) are
;

3. Are
narrowly tailored to serve a significant governmental interest,
as evidenced by specific and articulable facts
consistent with subsection
C
;
and
(d) leave

4. Leave
open ample alternative channels for communication of the information.

B. No public institution of higher education shall:

1. Require pr
ior administrative approval, registration, or official sponsorship as a condition of any students assembling in an outdoor area of campus;

2.
Prohibit
the use of amplified sound during a student assembly conducted
during daytime hours and in
outdoor campus spaces that are not adjacent to academic buildings
,
provided, however, that restrictions on the volume of amplified sound may be imposed consistent with the provisions of s
ubsection A
;

3. Withhold the award of any degree from a student solely on the basis of such student's participation in any
student
assembly,
regardless of whether such
student
assembly was permitted or prohibited;

4. Restrict
expressive
activit
y
to designated zones of
outdoor areas of campus
outside of which expressive activity is prohibited
; and

5.

Maintain
a letter o
f concern or
a
record of disciplinary action relating to participation in an assembly
in
the personnel file
or
record
of any student, faculty member, or staff member
f
or more than one year after the incident.

C.
A restriction shall be deemed narrowly tailored to serve a significant government
al
interest pursuant to subdivision A 3 only if (i) the
interest at which the restriction is aimed is the prevention of a material and substantial disruption to the rights of other students, faculty, and administrators to
a safe educational environment
free from disruptive interference
to the educational process
and (ii) the restriction could not
be removed
and
the burden on speech imposed by the restriction
could not
be reduced
without materially interfering with the significant governmental interest. Fear or apprehension of
disruptive potential of the restricted speech shall not be sufficient to establish the existence of a significant governmental interest.

§
23.1-401.1
. Constitutionally protected speech; policies, materials, and reports; report.

A. Except as otherwise permitted by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, no public institution of higher education shall abridge the constitutional freedom of any individual, including enrolled students, faculty and other employees, and invited guests, to speak on campus.

B. Each public institution of higher education shall establish and include in its student handbook, on its website, and in its student orientation programs policies regarding speech that is constitutionally protected under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and the process to report incidents of disruption of such constitutionally protected speech.

C. Each public institution of higher education shall develop materials on the policies established pursuant to subsection B and notify any employee who is responsible for the discipline or education of enrolled students of such materials.

D. Each public institution of higher education shall develop, post on its website in a searchable, publicly accessible, and conspicuous manner, and submit to the Governor and the Chairmen of the House Committee on Education and the Senate Committee on Education and Health no later than December 1 of each year a report on the institution's compliance with the provisions of this section that includes:

1. A copy of the institution's policies as described in subsection B and materials on such policies as described in subsection C;

2. Certification that the institution has complied with subsection C; and

3. A copy of any complaint filed in a court of law since December 1 of the preceding year to initiate a lawsuit against the institution or an employee of the institution in his official capacity for an alleged violation of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

E. Each public institution of higher education shall submit to the Governor and the Chairmen of the House Committee on Education and the Senate Committee on Education and Health
(i)
a copy of any complaint filed in a court of law to initiate a lawsuit against the institution or an employee of the institution in his official capacity for an alleged violation of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution no later than 30 days after such complaint is served
and (ii) a report
detailing each instance in which the institution imposes a restriction on and deems unlawful any student speech or assembly under
§

23.1-401
within 45 days of imposing such restriction, including a description of the perceived threat that justified the restriction of the speech or assembly as unlawful and a detailed demonstration of how the restriction satisfied each factor set forth in subsection A o
f §
23.1-401
.