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HB533 • 2026

Virginia National Guard; deployment to active duty combat.

<p class=ldtitle>A BILL to amend and reenact §§ 18.2-410, 44-75.1, and 44-78.1 of the Code of Virginia and to amend the Code of Virginia by adding a section numbered 44-75.1:2, relating to Virginia National Guard; deployment to active duty combat.</p>

Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Hamilton
Last action
2026-02-13
Official status
Failed
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The official source material does not specify the role of the Governor in enforcing or monitoring compliance with the bill's restrictions on deploying the Virginia National Guard into active duty combat.

Virginia National Guard Deployment Restrictions

This bill restricts when the Virginia National Guard can be deployed into active duty combat by requiring a formal declaration of war or specific constitutional actions from Congress.

What This Bill Does

  • Defines 'active duty combat' as participation in an armed conflict, performance of hazardous services related to an armed conflict abroad, or performance of duties through an instrumentality of war.
  • Specifies that an 'official declaration of war' is when Congress declares war under the U.S. Constitution's Article I, Section 8, Clause 11.
  • Requires the Virginia National Guard not to be deployed into active duty combat unless Congress has declared war or taken specific actions authorized by the U.S. Constitution for executing federal laws, repelling invasions, or suppressing insurrections.
  • Allows the Governor to deploy the Virginia National Guard for civil defense missions within and outside the United States without violating this restriction.

Who It Names or Affects

  • The Virginia National Guard
  • Congress

Terms To Know

Active duty combat
Participation in an armed conflict, performance of hazardous services related to an armed conflict abroad, or performance of duties through an instrumentality of war.
Official declaration of war
A formal declaration of war made by Congress under the U.S. Constitution's Article I, Section 8, Clause 11.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify what happens if the Virginia National Guard is deployed without a proper declaration or action from Congress.
  • It remains unclear how this legislation will be enforced and monitored to ensure compliance with its provisions.

Bill History

  1. 2026-02-13 Public Safety

    Stricken from docket by Public Safety (20-Y 0-N)

  2. 2026-01-26 House

    Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB533)

  3. 2026-01-20 Subcommittee #2

    Assigned HMPPS sub: Subcommittee #2

  4. 2026-01-13 House

    Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26104298D

  5. 2026-01-13 Public Safety

    Referred to Committee on Public Safety

Official Summary Text

Virginia National Guard; deployment to active duty combat.
Prohibits the Virginia National Guard from being deployed into active duty combat, defined in the bill, unless Congress has made an official declaration of war, defined in the bill, or has taken an official action as authorized by the Constitution of the United States for the purposes of expressly executing the laws of the United States, repelling invasion, or suppressing an insurrection.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
A BILL to amend and reenact §§
18.2-410
,
44-75.1
, and
44-78.1
of the Code of Virginia and to amend the Code of Virginia by adding a section numbered
44-75.1:2
, relating to Virginia National Guard; deployment to active duty combat.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:

1. That §§
18.2-410
,
44-75.1
, and
44-78.1
of the Code of Virginia are amended and reenacted and that the Code of Virginia is amended by adding a section numbered
44-75.1:2
as follows:

§
18.2-410
. Power of Governor to summon law-enforcement agencies, National Guard, etc., to execute process or preserve the peace.

If

Except as provided in §
44-75.1:2
, if
it appears to the Governor that the power of the locality is not sufficient to enable the sheriff or other officer to execute process delivered to him or to suppress riots and to preserve the peace, he may order law-enforcement agencies,
national guard
National Guard
, militia
,
or other agencies of the Commonwealth or localities as may be necessary to execute such process and to preserve the peace. All persons so ordered or summoned by the Governor are required to attend and act. Any person who, without lawful cause, refuses or neglects to obey the command
, shall be

is
guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.

§
44-75.1
. Militia state active duty.

A.
The

Except as provided in §
44-75.1:2
, the
Governor or his designee may call forth the militia or any part thereof to state active duty for service in any of the following circumstances:

1. In the event of invasion or insurrection or imminent threat of either;

2. When any combination of persons becomes so powerful as to obstruct the execution of laws in any part of this Commonwealth;

3. When the Governor determines that a state agency or agencies having law-enforcement responsibilities are in need of assistance to perform particular law-enforcement functions, which functions he shall specify in his call to the militia;

4. In the event of flood, hurricane, fire
,
or other forms of natural or man-made disaster wherein human life, public or private property, or the environment is imperiled;

5. In emergencies of lesser magnitude than those described in subdivision 4, including but not limited to the disruption of vital public services, wherein the use of militia personnel or equipment would be of assistance to one or more departments, agencies, institutions, or political subdivisions of the Commonwealth;

6. When the Governor determines that the National Guard and its assets would be of valuable assistance to state, local
,
or federal agencies having a drug law-enforcement function to combat the flow of or use of illegal drugs in the Commonwealth, he may provide for the National Guard or any part thereof to support drug interdiction, counterdrug
,
and demand reduction activities within the Commonwealth, or outside the Commonwealth under the National Guard Mutual Assistance Counterdrug Activities Compact. In calling forth the National Guard under this section, the Governor shall specify the type of support that the National Guard shall undertake with state, local
,
or federal law-enforcement agencies. Once called forth by the Governor, the National Guard is also specifically authorized to enter into mutual assistance and support agreements with any law-enforcement agencies, state or federal, operating within or outside this Commonwealth so long as those activities are consistent with the Governor's call. All activities undertaken by the National Guard in the areas of drug interdiction, counterdrug
,
and drug demand reduction shall be reported by the Adjutant General's office to the Governor and reviewed by the Governor no less frequently than every three months; and

7. When the Governor or his designee, in consultation with the Adjutant General, determines that the militia or any part thereof is in need of specific training to be prepared for being called forth for any of the circumstances expressed in subdivisions 1 through 6 above. Such training may be conducted with a state or federal agency or agencies having the capability or responsibility to coordinate or assist with any of the circumstances set forth in subdivisions 1 through 6 above.

B. The Virginia National Guard shall be designated as a state law-enforcement agency for the sole purpose of receiving property and revenues pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 981 (e) (2), 19 U.S.C. § 1616a, and 21 U.S.C. § 881 (e) (1) (A).

§ 44-
75.1
:2
.
National
Guard; deployment to active duty combat.

A. For the purposes of this section
:

"Active duty combat" means
(i) participation in an armed conflict
,
(ii) performance of a hazardous service relating to an armed conflict in a foreign state
,
or (iii) performance of a duty through an instrumentality of war.

"
Official declaration of war" means an official declaration of war
pursuant to an act of

Congress

as
authorized by Article
I
,
Section
8
, Clause 11
of the
Constitution of the

United States
.

B. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
Virginia
National Guard
and its members shall not be called forth into active duty combat
by the Governor
unless
Congress has
(i)
made
an official declaration of war
or
(ii)
call
ed forth
the Virginia National Guard and its members in an official action taken pursuant to
Article
I
,
Section 8
, Clause 15 of the
Constitution of the
United
States
for the purposes of expressly executing the laws of the
United States, repelling invasion, or suppressing an insurrection.
The Governor shall take all necessary actions to comply with the requirements of this subsection.

C.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit or limit the
Governor's authority to deploy the
Virginia
National Guard into active duty for the purpose
s
of providing defense support for civil authority missions in a foreign state or elsewhere within the
United S
t
ates.

§
44-78.1
. Request for assistance by localities.

In

Except as provided in §
44-75.1:2
, in
the event of the circumstances described in subdivision A 2, 4
,
or 5 of §
44-75.1
arise within a county, city
,
or town of the Commonwealth, either the governing body or the chief law-enforcement officer of the county, city
,
or town may call upon the Governor for assistance from the militia. The Governor may call forth the militia or any part thereof to provide such assistance as he may deem proper in responding to such circumstances, but in all instances the militia shall remain subject to military command and not to civilian authorities of the county, city
,
or town receiving assistance.