Back to Virginia

HB604 • 2026

Specialty civil court dockets; business and complex litigation dockets established.

<p class=ldtitle>A BILL to amend the Code of Virginia by adding in Title 8.01 a chapter numbered 5.2, consisting of sections numbered 8.01-267.10, 8.01-267.11, and 8.01-267.12, relating to specialty civil court dockets; business and complex litigation dockets established; criteria for eligible actions.</p>

Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Willett
Last action
2026-02-04
Official status
Continued
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The exact process and criteria for transferring cases are still being finalized by the Supreme Court of Virginia.

Special Civil Court Dockets for Business and Complex Cases

This law establishes special court dockets in Virginia to handle complex business-related lawsuits, setting criteria for eligibility and transfer processes.

What This Bill Does

  • Creates a new type of civil court docket called the 'business and complex litigation docket' to manage complicated business-related lawsuits involving specialized legal issues or multiple parties.
  • Lists specific types of cases that can be transferred to this special docket if they meet certain requirements, such as having an amount in controversy of at least $100,000.
  • Establishes a process where lawyers or judges can request to move cases to the special docket if they think it's necessary.
  • Gives the Supreme Court of Virginia authority to set rules for transferring cases to this new docket.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Lawyers and judges in Virginia who handle complex business lawsuits.
  • Businesses involved in complicated legal disputes that meet the eligibility criteria.

Terms To Know

Docket
A list of cases to be heard by a court.
Eligibility Criteria
The requirements that must be met for something to qualify or be considered.

Limits and Unknowns

  • It is not clear when the law will take effect.
  • Details about how cases are transferred and managed in these special dockets have yet to be fully defined by the Supreme Court of Virginia.

Bill History

  1. 2026-02-04 Courts of Justice

    Continued to 2027 in Courts of Justice (Voice Vote)

  2. 2026-01-30 Civil

    Subcommittee recommends continuing to 2027 (Voice Vote)

  3. 2026-01-29 Civil

    Assigned HCJ sub: Civil

  4. 2026-01-13 House

    Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26102359D

  5. 2026-01-13 Courts of Justice

    Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice

Official Summary Text

Specialty civil court dockets; business and complex litigation dockets established; criteria for eligible actions.
Establishes a specialty docket, known as the business and complex litigation docket, to assist circuit courts with certain civil actions that involve specialized legal issues, complex contexts, intricate transactions, multiple parties, or other complicating factors. The bill provides that for an action to be eligible to be considered for a business and complex litigation docket, the action shall (i) present special complexity, including specialized issues or acute litigation management needs, and (ii) fall into one or more of several enumerated categories of civil actions. The bill also requires that such eligible action has a minimum amount in controversy of $100,000. The bill also enumerates several types of civil actions that are ineligible for such specialty docket but creates an exception for any such action that demonstrates extraordinary circumstances that would require specialized docket management. The bill creates a process by which counsel for any party or the circuit court judge initially assigned to an eligible action may request that the matter be transferred to the specialty docket and directs the Office of the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, in collaboration with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Specialty Docket Advisory Committee studying business and complex litigation dockets, to establish any rules or procedures as necessary for the transfer of such eligible actions.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
A BILL to amend the Code of Virginia by adding in Title 8.01 a chapter numbered 5.2, consisting of sections numbered
8.01-267.10
,
8.01-267.11
, and
8.01-267.12
, relating to specialty civil court dockets; business and complex litigation dockets established; criteria for eligible actions.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:

1. That the Code of Virginia is amended by adding in Title 8.01 a chapter numbered 5.2, consisting of sections numbered
8.01-267.10
,
8.01-267.11
, and
8.01-267.12
, as follows:

CHAPTER
5
.2
.

BUSINESS AND COMPLEX LITIGATION DOCKET ACT
.

§
8.01-267.10
.
Business and
c
omplex
l
itigation
d
ocke
ts created; purpose
; pres
iding judges
.

A.
There is
established
a business and complex litigation docket
,
created
to
assist circuit cour
ts
with
certain corporate, commercial, business, or transactional

actions

that involve
specialized legal issues, complex contexts, intricate transactions, multiple parties, or other complicating factors
.
A b
usiness
and complex litigation docket
is a specialized civil court docket within the existing structure of the Commonwealth's
circuit
court system that enables the
judiciary to manage its workload more efficiently.

B.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia
may
designate
no more than
four
judges of circuit courts that are located, to the extent possible, in different regions
of the Commonwealth
to preside ove
r any
matter
transferred to a business and complex litigation docket in accordance with §
8.01-267.12
.

Any judge so designated by the Chief Justice, as well as the chief judge
and other judges sitting in the same judicial circuit,
shall
be consulted in the process of establishing such docket in such judicial circuit.

§
8.01-267.11
.
Eligibility criteria; requirements for transfer
; what actions ineligible
.

A.
A
n action shall be transferred to a business and complex litigation docket only if such action
(i) presents special complexity, including specialized issues or acute litigation management needs, and (ii) falls
into one or more of the following
categories
:

1. Corporate governance dispute
s
;

2. Derivative actions;

3. Merger or acquisition litigation;

4. Intellectual property disputes;

5. Trade secret litigation;

6. Antitrust
litigation;

7.
Environmental litigation;

8. Franchise actions;

9. Actions arising from the Uniform Commercial Code;

10
.
Any
matter in which a business entity has brought an action against another business entity; or

11.
Except as provided in subsection C,
any
other
action
that a circuit court judge determines requires specialized management.

B.
In addition
, any action
that is
deemed eligible for transfer or assignment to a business and complex litigation docket pursuant
to the criteria described in subsection A
shall have an amount in controversy
of
no
t
less than $100,000.

Nothing in this subsection shall be construed
to make
such
amount in controversy
of
$100,000 or more
the sole basis of eligibility for transfer or assignment to a business and complex litigation docket
.

C. Except where a request for transfer demonstrates extraordinary circumstances that warrant specialized docket management, the following categories of cases shall be
in
eligible for transfer:

1. Medical malpractice;

2. Domestic relations;

3. Personal injury and wrongful death;

4. Premises liability;

5. Negligence;

6. Virginia Freedom of Information Act
(§
2.2-3700
et seq.)
actions;

7. Claims brought under the Federal Employers
'
Liability Act, 45 U.S.C. § 51 et seq.;

8. Legal malpractice;

9. Defamation;

10. Real property actions;

11. Virginia Consumer Protection Act
(§
59.1-196
et seq.)
claims; or

12. Contempt of court.

§
8.01-267.12
. Transfer; request for transfer
.

A. In any action that meets the eligibility criteria
described in

§
8.01-267.11
, counsel for any party or the circuit court judge initially assigned to the matter on the regular docket may submit
a
docket transfer request form
to the Office of the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia
for referral to the Chief Justice.
The Chief Justice shall review such tr
ansfer request and may order that the matter be transferred to the specialized docket
Such docket transfer form shall describe the reason for such request and statement
s
from
any
counsel of any party
or
the circuit court judge initially assigned
who did not initially request such transfer
regarding why such transfer
may or may not be necessary or beneficial.

B. The Office of the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, in collaboration with the Chief Justice
and the
Specialty Docket Advisory Committee studying business and complex litigation dockets
, shall
establish procedures and rules, as necessary, for the transfer
of such actions, including criteria for when a
request to transfer
an eligible case may be
granted or denied.

2. That the Office of the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, in collaboration with the Specialty Docket Advisory Committee studying business and complex litigation dockets, shall finalize and publish a Business and Complex Litigation Docket Transfer Request form consistent with the provisions of this act.

3. That the Office of the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia shall amend Rule 1:25 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia to be consistent with the provisions of this act.