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SB560 • 2026

Public elementary schools, etc.; student participation in sports, civil cause of action.

<p class=ldtitle>A BILL to amend and reenact § 22.1-271.7 of the Code of Virginia and to amend the Code of Virginia by adding sections numbered 22.1-271.7:1 and 23.1-408.2, relating to public elementary and secondary schools and institutions of higher education; designation of interscholastic, intercollegiate, intramural, and club athletic teams and sports based on biological sex; identification of biological sex on Preparticipation Physical Evaluation and athletics eligibility forms required; civil cause of action.</p>

Education Healthcare
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Reeves
Last action
2026-01-29
Official status
Failed
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

Checked against official source text during the last sync.

Student Participation in School Sports Based on Biological Sex

This bill requires public schools and colleges to designate sports teams based on biological sex, restricts male students from joining female-only teams, and creates legal protections for schools and affected students.

What This Bill Does

  • Requires all school-sponsored athletic teams to be designated as either 'males,' 'females,' or 'coed.'
  • Prohibits male students from participating in sports teams designated for females.
  • Revises the requirement that student-athletes submit a physical form identifying their biological sex before joining any team.
  • Protects schools and colleges from complaints related to compliance with these rules.
  • Gives harmed students legal rights if they are denied participation or suffer harm due to violations of this bill.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Public elementary, middle school, high school, and college students participating in sports teams.
  • Schools and colleges that sponsor athletic programs.
  • Medical professionals who verify biological sex for student-athletes.

Terms To Know

Biological Sex
The physical characteristics of a person's body, such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive organs.
Preparticipation Physical Evaluation (PPE) form
A medical form that certifies a student is physically fit to participate in sports activities and identifies their biological sex.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify how schools should determine biological sex.
  • It remains unclear if the bill will face legal challenges or constitutional issues.
  • There are no provisions for enforcement mechanisms within the bill text.

Bill History

  1. 2026-01-29 Education and Health

    Passed by indefinitely in Education and Health (9-Y 6-N)

  2. 2026-01-22 Public Education

    Assigned Education sub: Public Education

  3. 2026-01-14 Senate

    Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26100800D

  4. 2026-01-14 Education and Health

    Referred to Committee on Education and Health

Official Summary Text

Public elementary and secondary schools and institutions of higher education; designation of interscholastic, intercollegiate, intramural, and club athletic teams and sports based on biological sex; identification of biological sex on Preparticipation Physical Evaluation and athletics eligibility forms required; civil cause of action.
Requires each interscholastic, intercollegiate, intramural, or club athletic team or sport sponsored by a public elementary or secondary school or by a public institution of higher education to be expressly designated as one of the following based on biological sex: (i) for "males," "men," or "boys"; (ii) for "females," "women," or "girls"; or (iii) for "coed" or "mixed." The bill prohibits any such team or sport that is expressly designated for females, women, or girls from being open to students whose biological sex is male. The bill amends provisions of current law requiring each public middle or high school student to submit a Preparticipation Physical Evaluation form in order to be a participant on or try out for any interscholastic athletic team or squad by (a) expanding the scope of the requirement to apply to any public elementary or secondary school student in order to participate on or try out for any interscholastic, intramural, or club athletic team or sport and (b) requiring each Preparticipation Physical Evaluation form to identify and attest to each such student's biological sex.

The bill also requires each student enrolled at a public institution of higher education seeking to participate on or try out for any intercollegiate, intramural, or club athletic team or sport sponsored by a public institution of higher education to submit by the start of his first year of participation on such team or sport an athletics eligibility form signed by a licensed physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant verifying such student's biological sex and meeting such other criteria as set forth in the bill.

The bill prohibits any government entity, licensing or accrediting organization, athletic association, or athletic organization from entertaining a complaint, opening an investigation, or taking any other adverse action against a public school or institution of higher education based on compliance with the provisions of the bill and creates a cause of action for any public school or institution of higher education that suffers harm as a result of a violation of the bill. Finally, the bill creates a civil cause of action for any student who suffers harm as a result of a knowing violation of a provision of the bill by a public school or institution of higher education or as a result of the student's reporting a violation of a provision of the bill by a public school, institution of higher education, athletic association, or athletic organization.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
A BILL to amend and reenact §
22.1-271.7
of the Code of Virginia and to amend the Code of Virginia by adding sections numbered
22.1-271.7:1
and
23.1-408.2
, relating to public elementary and secondary schools and institutions of higher education; designation of interscholastic, intercollegiate, intramural, and club athletic teams and sports based on biological sex; identification of biological sex on Preparticipation Physical Evaluation and athletics eligibility forms required; civil cause of action.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:

1. That §
22.1-271.7
of the Code of Virginia is amended and reenacted and that the Code of Virginia is amended by adding sections numbered
22.1-271.7:1
and
23.1-408.2
as follows:

§
22.1-271.7
. Public middle and high school student-athletes; preparticipation physical examination.

A. As used in this section, "Preparticipation Physical Evaluation form" means the most recent Preparticipation Physical Evaluation form developed jointly by the American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, and American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine.

B. No public
middle
elementary
or
high
secondary
school student shall be a participant on or try out for any interscholastic
, intramural, or club
athletic team or
squad
sport sponsored by a school
division
or a public school therein
unless such student has submitted to the school principal a
signed
Preparticipation Physical Evaluation form
from
signed by
a licensed physician, a licensed advanced practice registered nurse practicing in accordance with the provisions of §
54.1-2957
, or a licensed physician assistant acting under the supervision of a licensed physician
(i)
attesting that such student received a physical examination and was found to be physically fit for athletic competition no more than 14 calendar months prior to the date on which such report was signed
and (ii) identifying
and attesting to such student's biological sex
.

C. No public
middle
elementary
or
high
secondary
school shall become a member of any organization or entity whose purpose it is to regulate or govern interscholastic programs that does not deem eligible for participation a student who has, pursuant to subsection B, submitted a signed Preparticipation Physical Evaluation form to the school principal
attesting that such student received a physical examination and was found to be physically fit for athletic competition no more than 14 calendar months prior to the date on which such report was signed
that
satisfies the criteria
set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) of subsection B
.

§
22.1-271
.
7:1
. Interscholastic, intramural, and club athletic teams and sports; designation of teams; student participation.

A. Each interscholastic, intramural, or club athletic team or sport sponsored by a
school division or a
public school
therein
shall be expressly designated as one of the following based on biological sex:

1. For "males," "men," or "boys";

2. For "females," "women," or "girls"; or

3. For "coed" or "mixed
,
" if participation on such team or in such sport is open to both (i) males, men, or boys and (ii) females, women, or girls.

B. Each interscholastic, intramural, or club athletic team or sport sponsored by a
school division or a

public school
therein
that is expressly designated for "females,"

"women," or "girls" pursuant to subsection A shall not be

open to any student whose biological sex is male.

C.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict the eligibility of any

student to participate in any interscholastic, intramural, or club athletic

team or sport that is expressly

designated
(i)
for "males," "men," or "boys" or
(ii)
as

"coed" or "mixed."

D. The eligibility of a public school student to

participate on any interscholastic, intramural, or club athletic team or sport

that is expressly designated for (i)

"males," "men," or "boys" or (ii)

"females," "women," or "girls" shall be based on

the student's biological sex as identified on such student's signed
Preparticipation Physical Evaluation
form required pursuant to §
22.1-271.7
.

E.

No government entity, licensing or accrediting organization, or athletic

association or organization shall entertain a complaint, open an investigation,

or take any other adverse action against a school

for explicitly designating or maintaining separate interscholastic, intramural,

or club athletic teams or sports for "females," "women," or

"girls" pursuant to subsections A, B,

and
D
. Any
public
school that

suffers any direct or
in
direct harm as a result of a violation of this
sub
section

shall have a private cause of action for injunctive relief, damages, and any

other relief available under law against such government entity, licensing or

accrediting organization, or athletic association or organization.

F
. Any student who is (i) deprived of an athletic opportunity or suffers any

direct or indirect harm as a result of a
knowing violation of this section by a
public
school or (ii) subject to retaliation or other adverse action by a
public
school,

athletic association, or organization as a result of reporting a violation of

this section to an employee or

representative of such school, athletic association, or organization, or to any

state or federal agency with oversight of school
s
in the Commonwealth, shall

have a private cause of action for injunctive relief, damages, and any other

relief available under law against such school, athletic association, or

organization.

G
. All civil actions brought pursuant to subsection
E
or
F

shall
be initiated within two years after the harm occurred.

H
. The provisions of this section shall be construed liberally so as to effectuate its purposes

to the fullest extent permitted by law. If any one or more

provisions, subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases, or words of this section

or
the
application
thereof
to any individual,

entity, or circumstance is found to be unconstitutional, it shall be deemed

severable and the

remainder of this section and its applicability to other individuals, entities,

or circumstances not similarly situated shall remain effective.

§
23.1-408.2
. Intercollegiate, intramural, and club athletic teams and sports; designation of teams; student participation.

A
.
Each intercollegiate, intramural,
or
club athletic team or sport that is

sponsored by a public institution of higher education shall be expressly

designated as one of the following based on biological sex:

1. For "males," "men," or

"boys";

2. For "females," "women," or

"girls"; or

3. For "coed" or "mixed," if participation

on such team or sport is open to both (i) males,

men, or boys and (ii) females, women, or girls.

B.

Each intercollegiate, intramural, or club athletic team or sport that is

sponsored by a public institution of higher education and that is expressly

designated for "females," "women," or "girls"

pursuant to subsection A shall not be open to any student whose biological sex is male. This section

shall not be construed to restrict the eligibility of any student to try out

for or compete in any intercollegiate, intramural, or club athletic team or

sport sponsored by such institution of higher education that is expressly designated
(i)
for "males," "men," or

"boys" or
(ii)
as "coed" or

"mixed."

C
.

No student enrolled at a public institution of higher education shall be a

participant on or try out for any intercollegiate, intramural, or club athletic

team or sport sponsored by a public institution of higher education unless such

studen
t
,
by
the
start
of his first year of participation on such athletic team or sport,

submits

to the appropriate department
faculty
or staff

of the institution

an athletics eligibility form

s
igned by a

licensed physician, a licensed nurse practitioner practicing in accordance with

the provisions of §
54.1-2957
, or a licensed physician assistant acting under

the supervision of a licensed physician verifying (i) that such student has

received a physical examination
and was found physically fit for athletic co
mpetition
within

(a)
the 12 months immediately preceding the date of the first day of such student's participation
on such athletic team or sport
o
r

(b)
such
shorter
time period
as may be
established by
the
applicable institution, athletic association, athletic conference, or other organization with authority over intercollegiate ath
letics

and

(ii)

such student's biological sex.

D.

No government entity, licensing or accrediting organization, athletic

association
, or athletic organization
shall entertain a complaint, open an investigation,

or take any other adverse action against a
public institution of higher education
for explicitly designating or

maintaining separate intercollegiate, intramural, or club athletic teams or

sports for "females, "women," or "girls" pursuant to

subsections A
and
B. Any
public
institution

of higher education that suffers any direct or indirect

harm as a result of a violation of this
sub
section shall have a private cause of

action for injunctive relief, damages, and any other relief available under law

against such government entity, licensing or accrediting organization, athletic association
,
or
athletic
organization.

E
.

Any student who is (i) deprived of an athletic opportunity or suffers any

direct or indirect harm as a result of a knowing violation of this section by a public institution

of higher education or (ii) subject to retaliation or other adverse action by

a
public
institution of higher education, athletic association, or
athletic
organization as a result of reporting a violation of this section to an

employee or representative of such institution, athletic association, or

athletic
organization, or to any state or federal agency with oversight of
any
such

institution in the Commonwealth, shall have a private cause of action for injunctive relief, damages, and any

other relief available under law against such institution, athletic

association, or
athletic
organization.

F
.

All civil actions brought pursuant to

subsection E or F
shall
be initiated

within two years after the harm occurred.

G
. The provisions of this section shall be construed liberally so as to effectuate its purposes

to the fullest extent permitted by law. If any one or more provisions,

subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases, or words of this section or
the
application
thereof
to any individual, entity, or circumstance is found to be

unconstitutional, it shall be deemed severable, and the remainder of this section and its applicability to other individuals,

entities, or circumstances not similarly situated shall remain effective.

2. That the provisions of this act shall be effective beginning with the 2026–2027 school year.