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SB591 • 2026

Income tax, state; free tax filing program for individuals.

An Act to amend and reenact § 58.1-202.3 of the Code of Virginia and to repeal Chapter 535 of the Acts of Assembly of 2010, relating to Department of Taxation; free tax filing program for individuals.

Taxes
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
McPike
Last action
2026-03-31
Official status
Acts of Assembly Chapter
Effective date
Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The bill summary does not provide specific details on funding or exact eligibility criteria for the new program.

Free Tax Filing Program for Individuals

This act requires the Virginia Department of Taxation to create a free online state income tax filing program similar to the IRS Direct File Program, starting in 2028.

What This Bill Does

  • Requires the Tax Commissioner to develop and offer a free individual state income tax filing program for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2028.
  • The new program must be similar to the IRS Direct File Program as it existed during the 2025 tax season.
  • The commissioner should consider compatibility, security, and integration with the IRS Direct File Program's source code from 2025.
  • The commissioner should consult other states that have free electronic filing services for individual taxpayers in the past five years.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Individual Virginia taxpayers who file state income taxes.

Terms To Know

Tax Commissioner
The person responsible for managing and overseeing tax collection and administration within a state, in this case, Virginia.
IRS Direct File Program
A program by the Internal Revenue Service that allows taxpayers to file their federal income taxes electronically without paying any fees.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify how much it will cost or where funding for the new free filing program will come from.
  • It is unclear what specific eligibility criteria will be used for the new program, only that they should be less restrictive than those of the IRS Direct File Program.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

SB591AS1

2026-01-28 • Committee

Finance and Appropriations Amendment

Plain English: The amendment removes the word 'not' from a specific line in the bill text.

  • Removes the word 'not' from line 32 of the bill.
  • It is unclear what removing this single word will change without seeing the full context and original sentence.

Bill History

  1. 2026-03-31 Governor

    Approved by Governor-Chapter 32 (effective 7/1/2026)

  2. 2026-03-31 Governor

    Acts of Assembly Chapter text (CHAP0032)

  3. 2026-03-10 Senate

    Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 10, 2026

  4. 2026-03-10 Governor

    Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., April 13, 2026

  5. 2026-02-26 Senate

    Fiscal Impact statement From TAX (2/26/2026 3:31 pm)

  6. 2026-02-24 House

    Signed by Speaker

  7. 2026-02-24 Senate

    Signed by President

  8. 2026-02-24 Senate

    Enrolled

  9. 2026-02-24 Senate

    Bill text as passed Senate and House (SB591ER)

  10. 2026-02-23 House

    Read third time

  11. 2026-02-23 House

    Passed House Block Vote (97-Y 0-N 0-A)

  12. 2026-02-20 House

    Read second time

  13. 2026-02-18 Finance

    Reported from Finance

  14. 2026-02-18 Finance

    Reported from Finance (21-Y 0-N)

  15. 2026-02-17 Senate

    Fiscal Impact statement From TAX (2/17/2026 6:35 pm)

  16. 2026-02-04 House

    Placed on Calendar

  17. 2026-02-04 House

    Read first time

  18. 2026-02-04 Finance

    Referred to Committee on Finance

  19. 2026-01-30 Senate

    Read third time and passed Senate Block Vote (38-Y 0-N 0-A)

  20. 2026-01-29 Senate

    Read second time

  21. 2026-01-29 Senate

    Engrossed by Senate as amended

  22. 2026-01-29 Finance and Appropriations

    Finance and Appropriations Amendment agreed to

  23. 2026-01-29 Senate

    Engrossed by Senate Block Vote (Voice Vote)

  24. 2026-01-28 Senate

    Rules suspended

  25. 2026-01-28 Senate

    Passed by for the day

  26. 2026-01-28 Senate

    Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 1st reading) (40-Y 0-N 0-A)

  27. 2026-01-28 Senate

    Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote)

  28. 2026-01-27 Finance and Appropriations

    Reported from Finance and Appropriations with amendment (14-Y 0-N)

  29. 2026-01-26 Senate

    Fiscal Impact statement From TAX (1/26/2026 10:05 pm)

  30. 2026-01-14 Senate

    Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26100872D

  31. 2026-01-14 Finance and Appropriations

    Referred to Committee on Finance and Appropriations

Official Summary Text

Department of Taxation; free tax filing program for individuals.
Directs the Tax Commissioner to develop and offer a free individual state income tax filing program, effective beginning in taxable year 2028, that is similar to the federal Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Direct File Program as it existed during the 2025 tax filing season. The bill contains technical amendments that remove obsolete language regarding fillable forms. This bill is identical to HB 1180.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
An Act to amend and reenact §
58.1-202.3
of the Code of Virginia and to repeal Chapter 535 of the Acts of Assembly of 2010, relating to Department of Taxation; free tax filing program for individuals.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Virginia:
1. That §
58.1-202.3
of the Code of Virginia is amended and reenacted as follows:
§
58.1-202.3
. Fillable tax forms.
The Tax Commissioner shall ensure that all required state tax forms are fillable forms in a portable document format
for taxable periods beginning on and after January 1, 2012,
and are available on the Department of Taxation's website.
The Tax Commissioner shall begin making fillable forms available no later than January 1, 2012, and shall make all fillable forms available no later than March 1, 2013.
The Tax Commissioner shall develop guidelines for using such forms and publish them on the Department's website.
Nothing in this section shall replace, supersede, modify, duplicate, or compete with the Virginia Free File program in its provision of online interactive tax software and filing products and services for Virginia taxpayers.
2. That Chapter 535 of the Acts of Assembly of 2010 is repealed.
3. That, having established the Virginia Free File program based on the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Free File program pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 535 of the Acts of Assembly of 2010, the Tax Commissioner shall develop and offer a modern electronic tax return filing services program directly to Virginia individual taxpayers without monetary charge. Such program shall be made available to Virginia individual taxpayers in taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2028. In implementing such new program, the Tax Commissioner shall (a) consider the compatibility, security, and integration of such program with the publicly available source code of the IRS Direct File Program as it existed during the 2025 tax filing season; (b) consult with other states that have developed free electronic filing services for individual taxpayers in the past five years as necessary; and (c) develop eligibility criteria for such new program that are less restrictive than the eligibility criteria established for participation in the IRS Direct File Program as it existed during the 2025 tax filing season. The Tax Commissioner shall develop eligibility criteria for such program, establish and offer such new program for taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2028, and ensure that such new program is updated as needed for compatibility with any free direct tax e-file system offered by the federal government.