Firearm manufacturing

AN ACT Relating to the regulation of firearm manufacturing that 1
involves the use of three-dimensional printers, computer numerical 2
control milling machines, or digital firearm manufacturing code; 3
amending RCW 9.41.010, 9.41.190, 9.41.325, 9.41.326, and 9.41.327; 4
reenacting and amending RCW 9.41.010; adding a new section to chapter 5
9.41 RCW; creating a new section; providing an effective date; 6
providing an expiration date; and declaring an emergency.7
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:8
NEW SECTION. Sec. 1. The legislature finds the production of 9
undetectable and untraceable firearms and firearm components through 10
three-dimensional printing and computer numerical control (CNC) 11
milling presents a growing threat to public safety. The legislature 12
further finds the production of firearms by unlicensed manufacturers 13
allows prohibited individuals to evade background checks and obtain 14
firearms they could not otherwise lawfully obtain. The legislature 15
intends to address these problems by strengthening the state's 16
existing firearms laws.17
Sec. 2. RCW 9.41.010 and 2024 c 289 s 1 and 2024 c 62 s 32 are 18
each reenacted and amended to read as follows: 19
H-2562.2
HOUSE BILL 2320
State of Washington 69th Legislature 2026 Regular Session
By Representatives Salahuddin, Peterson, Berry, Taylor, Farivar,
Reed, Ramel, Santos, Obras, Parshley, Leavitt, Nance, Callan, Zahn,
Street, Ryu, Doglio, Ormsby, Berg, Reeves, Macri, Fosse, Hill, and
Pollet
Prefiled 01/08/26. Read first time 01/12/26. Referred to Committee
on Civil Rights & Judiciary.
p. 1 HB 2320
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in 1
this section apply throughout this chapter. 2
(1) "Antique firearm" means a firearm or replica of a firearm not 3
designed or redesigned for using rim fire or conventional center fire 4
ignition with fixed ammunition and manufactured in or before 1898, 5
including any matchlock, flintlock, percussion cap, or similar type 6
of ignition system and also any firearm using fixed ammunition 7
manufactured in or before 1898, for which ammunition is no longer 8
manufactured in the United States and is not readily available in the 9
ordinary channels of commercial trade. 10
(2)(a) "Assault weapon" means: 11
(i) Any of the following specific firearms regardless of which 12
company produced and manufactured the firearm: 13
14 AK-47 in all forms
15 AK-74 in all forms
16 Algimec AGM-1 type semiautomatic
17 American Arms Spectre da semiautomatic carbine
18 AR15, M16, or M4 in all forms
19 AR 180 type semiautomatic
20 Argentine L.S.R. semiautomatic
21 Australian Automatic
22 Auto-Ordnance Thompson M1 and 1927 semiautomatics
23 Barrett .50 cal light semiautomatic
24 Barrett .50 cal M87
25 Barrett .50 cal M107A1
26 Barrett REC7
27 Beretta AR70/S70 type semiautomatic
28 Bushmaster Carbon 15
29 Bushmaster ACR
30 Bushmaster XM-15
31 Bushmaster MOE
32 Calico models M100 and M900
33 CETME Sporter
34 CIS SR 88 type semiautomatic
p. 2 HB 2320
1 Colt CAR 15
2 Daewoo K-1
3 Daewoo K-2
4 Dragunov semiautomatic
5 Fabrique Nationale FAL in all forms
6 Fabrique Nationale F2000
7 Fabrique Nationale L1A1 Sporter
8 Fabrique Nationale M249S
9 Fabrique Nationale PS90
10 Fabrique Nationale SCAR
11 FAMAS .223 semiautomatic
12 Galil
13 Heckler & Koch G3 in all forms
14 Heckler & Koch HK-41/91
15 Heckler & Koch HK-43/93
16 Heckler & Koch HK94A2/3
17 Heckler & Koch MP-5 in all forms
18 Heckler & Koch PSG-1
19 Heckler & Koch SL8
20 Heckler & Koch UMP
21 Manchester Arms Commando MK-45
22 Manchester Arms MK-9
23 SAR-4800
24 SIG AMT SG510 in all forms
25 SIG SG550 in all forms
26 SKS
27 Spectre M4
28 Springfield Armory BM-59
29 Springfield Armory G3
30 Springfield Armory SAR-8
31 Springfield Armory SAR-48
32 Springfield Armory SAR-3
p. 3 HB 2320
1 Springfield Armory M-21 sniper
2 Springfield Armory M1A
3 Smith & Wesson M&P 15
4 Sterling Mk 1
5 Sterling Mk 6/7
6 Steyr AUG
7 TNW M230
8 FAMAS F11
9 Uzi 9mm carbine/rifle
(ii) A semiautomatic rifle that has an overall length of less 10
than 30 inches; 11
(iii) A conversion kit, part, or combination of parts, from which 12
an assault weapon can be assembled or from which a firearm can be 13
converted into an assault weapon if those parts are in the possession 14
or under the control of the same person; or 15
(iv) A semiautomatic, center fire rifle that has the capacity to 16
accept a detachable magazine and has one or more of the following:17
(A) A grip that is independent or detached from the stock that 18
protrudes conspicuously beneath the action of the weapon. The 19
addition of a fin attaching the grip to the stock does not exempt the 20
grip if it otherwise resembles the grip found on a pistol;21
(B) Thumbhole stock; 22
(C) Folding or telescoping stock; 23
(D) Forward pistol, vertical, angled, or other grip designed for 24
use by the nonfiring hand to improve control; 25
(E) Flash suppressor, flash guard, flash eliminator, flash hider, 26
sound suppressor, silencer, or any item designed to reduce the visual 27
or audio signature of the firearm; 28
(F) Muzzle brake, recoil compensator, or any item designed to be 29
affixed to the barrel to reduce recoil or muzzle rise;30
(G) Threaded barrel designed to attach a flash suppressor, sound 31
suppressor, muzzle break, or similar item; 32
(H) Grenade launcher or flare launcher; or 33
(I) A shroud that encircles either all or part of the barrel 34
designed to shield the bearer's hand from heat, except a solid 35
forearm of a stock that covers only the bottom of the barrel;36
p. 4 HB 2320
(v) A semiautomatic, center fire rifle that has a fixed magazine 1
with the capacity to accept more than 10 rounds; 2
(vi) A semiautomatic pistol that has the capacity to accept a 3
detachable magazine and has one or more of the following:4
(A) A threaded barrel, capable of accepting a flash suppressor, 5
forward handgrip, or silencer; 6
(B) A second hand grip; 7
(C) A shroud that encircles either all or part of the barrel 8
designed to shield the bearer's hand from heat, except a solid 9
forearm of a stock that covers only the bottom of the barrel; or10
(D) The capacity to accept a detachable magazine at some location 11
outside of the pistol grip; 12
(vii) A semiautomatic shotgun that has any of the following:13
(A) A folding or telescoping stock; 14
(B) A grip that is independent or detached from the stock that 15
protrudes conspicuously beneath the action of the weapon. The 16
addition of a fin attaching the grip to the stock does not exempt the 17
grip if it otherwise resembles the grip found on a pistol;18
(C) A thumbhole stock; 19
(D) A forward pistol, vertical, angled, or other grip designed 20
for use by the nonfiring hand to improve control; 21
(E) A fixed magazine in excess of seven rounds; or22
(F) A revolving cylinder shotgun. 23
(b) For the purposes of this subsection, "fixed magazine" means 24
an ammunition feeding device contained in, or permanently attached 25
to, a firearm in such a manner that the device cannot be removed 26
without disassembly of the firearm action. 27
(c) "Assault weapon" does not include antique firearms, any 28
firearm that has been made permanently inoperable, or any firearm 29
that is manually operated by bolt, pump, lever, or slide action.30
(3) "Assemble" means to fit together component parts.31
(4) "Barrel length" means the distance from the bolt face of a 32
closed action down the length of the axis of the bore to the crown of 33
the muzzle, or in the case of a barrel with attachments to the end of 34
any legal device permanently attached to the end of the muzzle.35
(5) "Bump-fire stock" means a butt stock designed to be attached 36
to a semiautomatic firearm with the effect of increasing the rate of 37
fire achievable with the semiautomatic firearm to that of a fully 38
automatic firearm by using the energy from the recoil of the firearm 39
p. 5 HB 2320
to generate reciprocating action that facilitates repeated activation 1
of the trigger. 2
(6) "Conviction" or "convicted" means, whether in an adult court 3
or adjudicated in a juvenile court, that a plea of guilty has been 4
accepted or a verdict of guilty has been filed, or a finding of guilt 5
has been entered, notwithstanding the pendency of any future 6
proceedings including, but not limited to, sentencing or disposition, 7
posttrial or post-fact-finding motions, and appeals. "Conviction" 8
includes a dismissal entered after a period of probation, suspension, 9
or deferral of sentence, and also includes equivalent dispositions by 10
courts in jurisdictions other than Washington state.11
(7) "Crime of violence" means: 12
(a) Any of the following felonies, as now existing or hereafter 13
amended: Any felony defined under any law as a class A felony or an 14
attempt to commit a class A felony, criminal solicitation of or 15
criminal conspiracy to commit a class A felony, manslaughter in the 16
first degree, manslaughter in the second degree, indecent liberties 17
if committed by forcible compulsion, kidnapping in the second degree, 18
arson in the second degree, assault in the second degree, assault of 19
a child in the second degree, extortion in the first degree, burglary 20
in the second degree, residential burglary, and robbery in the second 21
degree; 22
(b) Any conviction for a felony offense in effect at any time 23
prior to June 6, 1996, which is comparable to a felony classified as 24
a crime of violence in (a) of this subsection; and25
(c) Any federal or out-of-state conviction for an offense 26
comparable to a felony classified as a crime of violence under (a) or 27
(b) of this subsection. 28
(8) "Curio or relic" has the same meaning as provided in 27 29
C.F.R. Sec. 478.11. 30
(9) "Dealer" means a person engaged in the business of selling 31
firearms at wholesale or retail who has, or is required to have, a 32
federal firearms license under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923 (a). A person who 33
does not have, and is not required to have, a federal firearms 34
license under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923 (a), is not a dealer if that person 35
makes only occasional sales, exchanges, or purchases of firearms for 36
the enhancement of a personal collection or for a hobby, or sells all 37
or part of his or her personal collection of firearms.38
p. 6 HB 2320
(10) "Detachable magazine" means an ammunition feeding device 1
that can be loaded or unloaded while detached from a firearm and 2
readily inserted into a firearm. 3
(11) "Digital firearm manufacturing code" means any digital 4
instructions in the form of computer-aided design files or other code 5
or instructions stored and displayed in electronic format as a 6
digital model that may be used to program a three-dimensional printer 7
or a computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine to manufacture 8
or produce a firearm, frame or receiver, unfinished frame or 9
receiver, magazine, or firearm component.10
(12) "Distribute" means to give out, provide, make available, or 11
deliver a firearm or large capacity magazine to any person in this 12
state, with or without consideration, whether the distributor is in-13
state or out-of-state. "Distribute" includes, but is not limited to, 14
filling orders placed in this state, online or otherwise. 15
"Distribute" also includes causing a firearm or large capacity 16
magazine to be delivered in this state. 17
(((12))) (13) "Domestic violence" has the same meaning as 18
provided in RCW 10.99.020. 19
(((13))) (14) "Family or household member" has the same meaning 20
as in RCW 7.105.010. 21
(((14))) (15) "Federal firearms dealer" means a licensed dealer 22
as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 921(a)(11). 23
(((15))) (16) "Federal firearms importer" means a licensed 24
importer as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 921(a)(9). 25
(((16))) (17) "Federal firearms manufacturer" means a licensed 26
manufacturer as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 921(a)(10).27
(((17))) (18) "Felony" means any felony offense under the laws of 28
this state or any federal or out-of-state offense comparable to a 29
felony offense under the laws of this state. 30
(((18))) (19) "Felony firearm offender" means a person who has 31
previously been convicted or found not guilty by reason of insanity 32
in this state of any felony firearm offense. A person is not a felony 33
firearm offender under this chapter if any and all qualifying 34
offenses have been the subject of an expungement, pardon, annulment, 35
certificate, or rehabilitation, or other equivalent procedure based 36
on a finding of the rehabilitation of the person convicted or a 37
pardon, annulment, or other equivalent procedure based on a finding 38
of innocence. 39
(((19))) (20) "Felony firearm offense" means: 40
p. 7 HB 2320
(a) Any felony offense that is a violation of this chapter;1
(b) A violation of RCW 9A.36.045; 2
(c) A violation of RCW 9A.56.300; 3
(d) A violation of RCW 9A.56.310; 4
(e) Any felony offense if the offender was armed with a firearm 5
in the commission of the offense. 6
(((20))) (21) "Firearm" means a weapon or device from which a 7
projectile or projectiles may be fired by an explosive such as 8
gunpowder. For the purposes of RCW 9.41.040, "firearm" also includes 9
frames and receivers. "Firearm" does not include a flare gun or other 10
pyrotechnic visual distress signaling device, or a powder-actuated 11
tool or other device designed solely to be used for construction 12
purposes. 13
(((21))) (22)(a) "Frame or receiver" means a part of a firearm 14
that, when the complete firearm is assembled, is visible from the 15
exterior and provides housing or a structure designed to hold or 16
integrate one or more fire control components, even if pins or other 17
attachments are required to connect the fire control components. Any 18
such part identified with a serial number shall be presumed, absent 19
an official determination by the bureau of alcohol, tobacco, 20
firearms, and explosives or other reliable evidence to the contrary, 21
to be a frame or receiver. 22
(b) For purposes of this subsection, "fire control component" 23
means a component necessary for the firearm to initiate, complete, or 24
continue the firing sequence, including any of the following: Hammer, 25
bolt, bolt carrier, breechblock, cylinder, trigger mechanism, firing 26
pin, striker, or slide rails. 27
(((22))) (23) "Gun" has the same meaning as firearm.28
(((23))) (24) "Import" means to move, transport, or receive an 29
item from a place outside the territorial limits of the state of 30
Washington to a place inside the territorial limits of the state of 31
Washington. "Import" does not mean situations where an individual 32
possesses a large capacity magazine or assault weapon when departing 33
from, and returning to, Washington state, so long as the individual 34
is returning to Washington in possession of the same large capacity 35
magazine or assault weapon the individual transported out of state.36
(((24))) (25) "Intimate partner" has the same meaning as provided 37
in RCW 7.105.010. 38
(((25))) (26) "Large capacity magazine" means an ammunition 39
feeding device with the capacity to accept more than 10 rounds of 40
p. 8 HB 2320
ammunition, or any conversion kit, part, or combination of parts, 1
from which such a device can be assembled if those parts are in 2
possession of or under the control of the same person, but shall not 3
be construed to include any of the following: 4
(a) An ammunition feeding device that has been permanently 5
altered so that it cannot accommodate more than 10 rounds of 6
ammunition; 7
(b) A 22 caliber tube ammunition feeding device; or8
(c) A tubular magazine that is contained in a lever-action 9
firearm. 10
(((26))) (27) "Law enforcement officer" includes a general 11
authority Washington peace officer as defined in RCW 10.93.020, or a 12
specially commissioned Washington peace officer as defined in RCW 13
10.93.020. "Law enforcement officer" also includes a limited 14
authority Washington peace officer as defined in RCW 10.93.020 if 15
such officer is duly authorized by his or her employer to carry a 16
concealed pistol. 17
(((27))) (28) "Lawful permanent resident" has the same meaning 18
afforded a person "lawfully admitted for permanent residence" in 8 19
U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(20). 20
(((28))) (29) "Licensed collector" means a person who is 21
federally licensed under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923(b). 22
(((29))) (30) "Licensed dealer" means a person who is federally 23
licensed under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923(a). 24
(((30))) (31) "Loaded" means: 25
(a) There is a cartridge in the chamber of the firearm;26
(b) Cartridges are in a clip that is locked in place in the 27
firearm; 28
(c) There is a cartridge in the cylinder of the firearm, if the 29
firearm is a revolver; 30
(d) There is a cartridge in the tube or magazine that is inserted 31
in the action; or 32
(e) There is a ball in the barrel and the firearm is capped or 33
primed if the firearm is a muzzle loader. 34
(((31))) (32) "Machine gun" means any firearm known as a machine 35
gun, mechanical rifle, submachine gun, or any other mechanism or 36
instrument not requiring that the trigger be pressed for each shot 37
and having a reservoir clip, disc, drum, belt, or other separable 38
mechanical device for storing, carrying, or supplying ammunition 39
p. 9 HB 2320
which can be loaded into the firearm, mechanism, or instrument, and 1
fired therefrom at the rate of five or more shots per second.2
(((32))) (33) "Manufacture" means, with respect to a firearm or 3
large capacity magazine, the fabrication, making, formation, 4
production, or construction of a firearm or large capacity magazine, 5
by manual labor or by machinery. 6
(((33))) (34) "Mental health professional" means a psychiatrist, 7
psychologist, or physician assistant working with a psychiatrist who 8
is acting as a participating physician as defined in RCW 18.71A.010, 9
psychiatric advanced registered nurse practitioner, psychiatric 10
nurse, social worker, mental health counselor, marriage and family 11
therapist, or such other mental health professionals as may be 12
defined in statute or by rules adopted by the department of health 13
pursuant to the provisions of chapter 71.05 RCW. 14
(((34))) (35) "Nonimmigrant alien" means a person defined as such 15
in 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(15). 16
(((35))) (36) "Person" means any individual, corporation, 17
company, association, firm, partnership, club, organization, society, 18
joint stock company, or other legal entity. 19
(((36))) (37) "Pistol" means any firearm with a barrel less than 20
16 inches in length, or is designed to be held and fired by the use 21
of a single hand. 22
(((37))) (38) "Rifle" means a weapon designed or redesigned, made 23
or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and designed or 24
redesigned, made or remade, and intended to use the energy of the 25
explosive in a fixed metallic cartridge to fire only a single 26
projectile through a rifled bore for each single pull of the trigger.27
(((38))) (39) "Sale" and "sell" mean the actual approval of the 28
delivery of a firearm in consideration of payment or promise of 29
payment. 30
(((39))) (40) "Secure gun storage" means: 31
(a) A locked box, gun safe, or other secure locked storage space 32
that is designed to prevent unauthorized use or discharge of a 33
firearm; and 34
(b) The act of keeping an unloaded firearm stored by such means.35
(((40))) (41) "Semiautomatic" means any firearm which utilizes a 36
portion of the energy of a firing cartridge to extract the fired 37
cartridge case and chamber the next round, and which requires a 38
separate pull of the trigger to fire each cartridge.39
p. 10 HB 2320
(((41))) (42)(a) "Semiautomatic assault rifle" means any rifle 1
which utilizes a portion of the energy of a firing cartridge to 2
extract the fired cartridge case and chamber the next round, and 3
which requires a separate pull of the trigger to fire each cartridge.4
(b) "Semiautomatic assault rifle" does not include antique 5
firearms, any firearm that has been made permanently inoperable, or 6
any firearm that is manually operated by bolt, pump, lever, or slide 7
action. 8
(((42))) (43) "Serious offense" means any of the following 9
felonies or a felony attempt to commit any of the following felonies, 10
as now existing or hereafter amended: 11
(a) Any crime of violence; 12
(b) Any felony violation of the uniform controlled substances 13
act, chapter 69.50 RCW, that is classified as a class B felony or 14
that has a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years;15
(c) Child molestation in the second degree; 16
(d) Incest when committed against a child under age 14;17
(e) Indecent liberties; 18
(f) Leading organized crime; 19
(g) Promoting prostitution in the first degree;20
(h) Rape in the third degree; 21
(i) Drive-by shooting; 22
(j) Sexual exploitation; 23
(k) Vehicular assault, when caused by the operation or driving of 24
a vehicle by a person while under the influence of intoxicating 25
liquor or any drug or by the operation or driving of a vehicle in a 26
reckless manner; 27
(l) Vehicular homicide, when proximately caused by the driving of 28
any vehicle by any person while under the influence of intoxicating 29
liquor or any drug as defined by RCW 46.61.502, or by the operation 30
of any vehicle in a reckless manner; 31
(m) Any other class B felony offense with a finding of sexual 32
motivation, as "sexual motivation" is defined under RCW 9.94A.030;33
(n) Any other felony with a deadly weapon verdict under RCW 34
9.94A.825; 35
(o) Any felony offense in effect at any time prior to June 6, 36
1996, that is comparable to a serious offense, or any federal or out-37
of-state conviction for an offense that under the laws of this state 38
would be a felony classified as a serious offense;39
(p) Any felony conviction under RCW 9.41.115; or40
p. 11 HB 2320
(q) Any felony charged under RCW 46.61.502(6) or 46.61.504(6).1
(((43))) (44) "Sex offense" has the same meaning as provided in 2
RCW 9.94A.030. 3
(((44))) (45) "Short-barreled rifle" means a rifle having one or 4
more barrels less than 16 inches in length and any weapon made from a 5
rifle by any means of modification if such modified weapon has an 6
overall length of less than 26 inches. 7
(((45))) (46) "Short-barreled shotgun" means a shotgun having one 8
or more barrels less than 18 inches in length and any weapon made 9
from a shotgun by any means of modification if such modified weapon 10
has an overall length of less than 26 inches. 11
(((46))) (47) "Shotgun" means a weapon with one or more barrels, 12
designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended to be fired from 13
the shoulder and designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended 14
to use the energy of the explosive in a fixed shotgun shell to fire 15
through a smooth bore either a number of ball shot or a single 16
projectile for each single pull of the trigger. 17
(((47))) (48) "Substance use disorder professional" means a 18
person certified under chapter 18.205 RCW. 19
(((48))) (49) "Three-dimensional printer" means a computer-aided 20
manufacturing device capable of producing a three-dimensional object 21
from a three-dimensional digital model through an additive 22
manufacturing process that involves the layering of two-dimensional 23
cross sections formed of a resin or other material that are fused 24
together to form a three-dimensional object.25
(50) "Transfer" means the intended delivery of a firearm to 26
another person without consideration of payment or promise of payment 27
including, but not limited to, gifts and loans. "Transfer" does not 28
include the delivery of a firearm owned or leased by an entity 29
licensed or qualified to do business in the state of Washington to, 30
or return of such a firearm by, any of that entity's employees or 31
agents, defined to include volunteers participating in an honor 32
guard, for lawful purposes in the ordinary course of business.33
(((49))) (51) "Undetectable firearm" means any firearm that is 34
not as detectable as 3.7 ounces of 17-4 PH stainless steel by walk-35
through metal detectors or magnetometers commonly used at airports or 36
any firearm where the barrel, the slide or cylinder, or the frame or 37
receiver of the firearm would not generate an image that accurately 38
depicts the shape of the part when examined by the types of X-ray 39
machines commonly used at airports. 40
p. 12 HB 2320
(((50))) (52)(a) "Unfinished frame or receiver" means a frame or 1
receiver that is partially complete, disassembled, or inoperable, 2
that: (i) Has reached a stage in manufacture where it may readily be 3
completed, assembled, converted, or restored to a functional state; 4
or (ii) is marketed or sold to the public to become or be used as the 5
frame or receiver of a functional firearm once finished or completed, 6
including without limitation products marketed or sold to the public 7
as an 80 percent frame or receiver or unfinished frame or receiver.8
(b) For purposes of this subsection: 9
(i) "Readily" means a process that is fairly or reasonably 10
efficient, quick, and easy, but not necessarily the most efficient, 11
speedy, or easy process. Factors relevant in making this 12
determination, with no single one controlling, include the following: 13
(A) Time, i.e., how long it takes to finish the process; (B) ease, 14
i.e., how difficult it is to do so; (C) expertise, i.e., what 15
knowledge and skills are required; (D) equipment, i.e., what tools 16
are required; (E) availability, i.e., whether additional parts are 17
required, and how easily they can be obtained; (F) expense, i.e., how 18
much it costs; (G) scope, i.e., the extent to which the subject of 19
the process must be changed to finish it; and (H) feasibility, i.e., 20
whether the process would damage or destroy the subject of the 21
process, or cause it to malfunction. 22
(ii) "Partially complete," as it modifies frame or receiver, 23
means a forging, casting, printing, extrusion, machined body, or 24
similar article that has reached a stage in manufacture where it is 25
clearly identifiable as an unfinished component part of a firearm.26
(((51))) (53) "Unlicensed person" means any person who is not a 27
licensed dealer under this chapter. 28
(((52))) (54) "Untraceable firearm" means any firearm 29
manufactured after July 1, 2019, that is not an antique firearm and 30
that cannot be traced by law enforcement by means of a serial number 31
affixed to the firearm by a federal firearms manufacturer, federal 32
firearms importer, or federal firearms dealer in compliance with all 33
federal laws and regulations. 34
(((53))) (55) "Washington state patrol firearms background check 35
program" means the division within the state patrol that conducts 36
background checks for all firearm transfers and the disposition of 37
firearms. 38
p. 13 HB 2320
Sec. 3. RCW 9.41.010 and 2025 c 58 s 5064 are each amended to 1
read as follows: 2
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the definitions in 3
this section apply throughout this chapter. 4
(1) "Antique firearm" means a firearm or replica of a firearm not 5
designed or redesigned for using rim fire or conventional center fire 6
ignition with fixed ammunition and manufactured in or before 1898, 7
including any matchlock, flintlock, percussion cap, or similar type 8
of ignition system and also any firearm using fixed ammunition 9
manufactured in or before 1898, for which ammunition is no longer 10
manufactured in the United States and is not readily available in the 11
ordinary channels of commercial trade. 12
(2)(a) "Assault weapon" means: 13
(i) Any of the following specific firearms regardless of which 14
company produced and manufactured the firearm: 15
16 AK-47 in all forms
17 AK-74 in all forms
18 Algimec AGM-1 type semiautomatic
19 American Arms Spectre da semiautomatic carbine
20 AR15, M16, or M4 in all forms
21 AR 180 type semiautomatic
22 Argentine L.S.R. semiautomatic
23 Australian Automatic
24 Auto-Ordnance Thompson M1 and 1927 semiautomatics
25 Barrett .50 cal light semiautomatic
26 Barrett .50 cal M87
27 Barrett .50 cal M107A1
28 Barrett REC7
29 Beretta AR70/S70 type semiautomatic
30 Bushmaster Carbon 15
31 Bushmaster ACR
32 Bushmaster XM-15
33 Bushmaster MOE
34 Calico models M100 and M900
p. 14 HB 2320
1 CETME Sporter
2 CIS SR 88 type semiautomatic
3 Colt CAR 15
4 Daewoo K-1
5 Daewoo K-2
6 Dragunov semiautomatic
7 Fabrique Nationale FAL in all forms
8 Fabrique Nationale F2000
9 Fabrique Nationale L1A1 Sporter
10 Fabrique Nationale M249S
11 Fabrique Nationale PS90
12 Fabrique Nationale SCAR
13 FAMAS .223 semiautomatic
14 Galil
15 Heckler & Koch G3 in all forms
16 Heckler & Koch HK-41/91
17 Heckler & Koch HK-43/93
18 Heckler & Koch HK94A2/3
19 Heckler & Koch MP-5 in all forms
20 Heckler & Koch PSG-1
21 Heckler & Koch SL8
22 Heckler & Koch UMP
23 Manchester Arms Commando MK-45
24 Manchester Arms MK-9
25 SAR-4800
26 SIG AMT SG510 in all forms
27 SIG SG550 in all forms
28 SKS
29 Spectre M4
30 Springfield Armory BM-59
31 Springfield Armory G3
32 Springfield Armory SAR-8
p. 15 HB 2320
1 Springfield Armory SAR-48
2 Springfield Armory SAR-3
3 Springfield Armory M-21 sniper
4 Springfield Armory M1A
5 Smith & Wesson M&P 15
6 Sterling Mk 1
7 Sterling Mk 6/7
8 Steyr AUG
9 TNW M230
10 FAMAS F11
11 Uzi 9mm carbine/rifle
(ii) A semiautomatic rifle that has an overall length of less 12
than 30 inches; 13
(iii) A conversion kit, part, or combination of parts, from which 14
an assault weapon can be assembled or from which a firearm can be 15
converted into an assault weapon if those parts are in the possession 16
or under the control of the same person; or 17
(iv) A semiautomatic, center fire rifle that has the capacity to 18
accept a detachable magazine and has one or more of the following:19
(A) A grip that is independent or detached from the stock that 20
protrudes conspicuously beneath the action of the weapon. The 21
addition of a fin attaching the grip to the stock does not exempt the 22
grip if it otherwise resembles the grip found on a pistol;23
(B) Thumbhole stock; 24
(C) Folding or telescoping stock; 25
(D) Forward pistol, vertical, angled, or other grip designed for 26
use by the nonfiring hand to improve control; 27
(E) Flash suppressor, flash guard, flash eliminator, flash hider, 28
sound suppressor, silencer, or any item designed to reduce the visual 29
or audio signature of the firearm; 30
(F) Muzzle brake, recoil compensator, or any item designed to be 31
affixed to the barrel to reduce recoil or muzzle rise;32
(G) Threaded barrel designed to attach a flash suppressor, sound 33
suppressor, muzzle break, or similar item; 34
(H) Grenade launcher or flare launcher; or 35
p. 16 HB 2320
(I) A shroud that encircles either all or part of the barrel 1
designed to shield the bearer's hand from heat, except a solid 2
forearm of a stock that covers only the bottom of the barrel;3
(v) A semiautomatic, center fire rifle that has a fixed magazine 4
with the capacity to accept more than 10 rounds; 5
(vi) A semiautomatic pistol that has the capacity to accept a 6
detachable magazine and has one or more of the following:7
(A) A threaded barrel, capable of accepting a flash suppressor, 8
forward handgrip, or silencer; 9
(B) A second hand grip; 10
(C) A shroud that encircles either all or part of the barrel 11
designed to shield the bearer's hand from heat, except a solid 12
forearm of a stock that covers only the bottom of the barrel; or13
(D) The capacity to accept a detachable magazine at some location 14
outside of the pistol grip; 15
(vii) A semiautomatic shotgun that has any of the following:16
(A) A folding or telescoping stock; 17
(B) A grip that is independent or detached from the stock that 18
protrudes conspicuously beneath the action of the weapon. The 19
addition of a fin attaching the grip to the stock does not exempt the 20
grip if it otherwise resembles the grip found on a pistol;21
(C) A thumbhole stock; 22
(D) A forward pistol, vertical, angled, or other grip designed 23
for use by the nonfiring hand to improve control; 24
(E) A fixed magazine in excess of seven rounds; or25
(F) A revolving cylinder shotgun. 26
(b) For the purposes of this subsection, "fixed magazine" means 27
an ammunition feeding device contained in, or permanently attached 28
to, a firearm in such a manner that the device cannot be removed 29
without disassembly of the firearm action. 30
(c) "Assault weapon" does not include antique firearms, any 31
firearm that has been made permanently inoperable, or any firearm 32
that is manually operated by bolt, pump, lever, or slide action.33
(3) "Assemble" means to fit together component parts.34
(4) "Barrel length" means the distance from the bolt face of a 35
closed action down the length of the axis of the bore to the crown of 36
the muzzle, or in the case of a barrel with attachments to the end of 37
any legal device permanently attached to the end of the muzzle.38
(5) "Bump-fire stock" means a butt stock designed to be attached 39
to a semiautomatic firearm with the effect of increasing the rate of 40
p. 17 HB 2320
fire achievable with the semiautomatic firearm to that of a fully 1
automatic firearm by using the energy from the recoil of the firearm 2
to generate reciprocating action that facilitates repeated activation 3
of the trigger. 4
(6) "Conviction" or "convicted" means, whether in an adult court 5
or adjudicated in a juvenile court, that a plea of guilty has been 6
accepted or a verdict of guilty has been filed, or a finding of guilt 7
has been entered, notwithstanding the pendency of any future 8
proceedings including, but not limited to, sentencing or disposition, 9
posttrial or post-fact-finding motions, and appeals. "Conviction" 10
includes a dismissal entered after a period of probation, suspension, 11
or deferral of sentence, and also includes equivalent dispositions by 12
courts in jurisdictions other than Washington state.13
(7) "Crime of violence" means: 14
(a) Any of the following felonies, as now existing or hereafter 15
amended: Any felony defined under any law as a class A felony or an 16
attempt to commit a class A felony, criminal solicitation of or 17
criminal conspiracy to commit a class A felony, manslaughter in the 18
first degree, manslaughter in the second degree, indecent liberties 19
if committed by forcible compulsion, kidnapping in the second degree, 20
arson in the second degree, assault in the second degree, assault of 21
a child in the second degree, extortion in the first degree, burglary 22
in the second degree, residential burglary, and robbery in the second 23
degree; 24
(b) Any conviction for a felony offense in effect at any time 25
prior to June 6, 1996, which is comparable to a felony classified as 26
a crime of violence in (a) of this subsection; and27
(c) Any federal or out-of-state conviction for an offense 28
comparable to a felony classified as a crime of violence under (a) or 29
(b) of this subsection. 30
(8) "Curio or relic" has the same meaning as provided in 27 31
C.F.R. Sec. 478.11. 32
(9) "Dealer" means a person engaged in the business of selling 33
firearms at wholesale or retail who has, or is required to have, a 34
federal firearms license under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923 (a). A person who 35
does not have, and is not required to have, a federal firearms 36
license under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923 (a), is not a dealer if that person 37
makes only occasional sales, exchanges, or purchases of firearms for 38
the enhancement of a personal collection or for a hobby, or sells all 39
or part of his or her personal collection of firearms.40
p. 18 HB 2320
(10) "Detachable magazine" means an ammunition feeding device 1
that can be loaded or unloaded while detached from a firearm and 2
readily inserted into a firearm. 3
(11) "Digital firearm manufacturing code" means any digital 4
instructions in the form of computer-aided design files or other code 5
or instructions stored and displayed in electronic format as a 6
digital model that may be used to program a three-dimensional printer 7
or a computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine to manufacture 8
or produce a firearm, frame or receiver, unfinished frame or 9
receiver, magazine, or firearm component.10
(12) "Distribute" means to give out, provide, make available, or 11
deliver a firearm or large capacity magazine to any person in this 12
state, with or without consideration, whether the distributor is in-13
state or out-of-state. "Distribute" includes, but is not limited to, 14
filling orders placed in this state, online or otherwise. 15
"Distribute" also includes causing a firearm or large capacity 16
magazine to be delivered in this state. 17
(((12))) (13) "Domestic violence" has the same meaning as 18
provided in RCW 10.99.020. 19
(((13))) (14) "Family or household member" has the same meaning 20
as in RCW 7.105.010. 21
(((14))) (15) "Federal firearms dealer" means a licensed dealer 22
as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 921(a)(11). 23
(((15))) (16) "Federal firearms importer" means a licensed 24
importer as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 921(a)(9). 25
(((16))) (17) "Federal firearms manufacturer" means a licensed 26
manufacturer as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 921(a)(10).27
(((17))) (18) "Felony" means any felony offense under the laws of 28
this state or any federal or out-of-state offense comparable to a 29
felony offense under the laws of this state. 30
(((18))) (19) "Felony firearm offender" means a person who has 31
previously been convicted or found not guilty by reason of insanity 32
in this state of any felony firearm offense. A person is not a felony 33
firearm offender under this chapter if any and all qualifying 34
offenses have been the subject of an expungement, pardon, annulment, 35
certificate, or rehabilitation, or other equivalent procedure based 36
on a finding of the rehabilitation of the person convicted or a 37
pardon, annulment, or other equivalent procedure based on a finding 38
of innocence. 39
(((19))) (20) "Felony firearm offense" means: 40
p. 19 HB 2320
(a) Any felony offense that is a violation of this chapter;1
(b) A violation of RCW 9A.36.045; 2
(c) A violation of RCW 9A.56.300; 3
(d) A violation of RCW 9A.56.310; 4
(e) Any felony offense if the offender was armed with a firearm 5
in the commission of the offense. 6
(((20))) (21) "Firearm" means a weapon or device from which a 7
projectile or projectiles may be fired by an explosive such as 8
gunpowder. For the purposes of RCW 9.41.040, "firearm" also includes 9
frames and receivers. "Firearm" does not include a flare gun or other 10
pyrotechnic visual distress signaling device, or a powder-actuated 11
tool or other device designed solely to be used for construction 12
purposes. 13
(((21))) (22)(a) "Frame or receiver" means a part of a firearm 14
that, when the complete firearm is assembled, is visible from the 15
exterior and provides housing or a structure designed to hold or 16
integrate one or more fire control components, even if pins or other 17
attachments are required to connect the fire control components. Any 18
such part identified with a serial number shall be presumed, absent 19
an official determination by the bureau of alcohol, tobacco, 20
firearms, and explosives or other reliable evidence to the contrary, 21
to be a frame or receiver. 22
(b) For purposes of this subsection, "fire control component" 23
means a component necessary for the firearm to initiate, complete, or 24
continue the firing sequence, including any of the following: Hammer, 25
bolt, bolt carrier, breechblock, cylinder, trigger mechanism, firing 26
pin, striker, or slide rails. 27
(((22))) (23) "Gun" has the same meaning as firearm.28
(((23))) (24) "Import" means to move, transport, or receive an 29
item from a place outside the territorial limits of the state of 30
Washington to a place inside the territorial limits of the state of 31
Washington. "Import" does not mean situations where an individual 32
possesses a large capacity magazine or assault weapon when departing 33
from, and returning to, Washington state, so long as the individual 34
is returning to Washington in possession of the same large capacity 35
magazine or assault weapon the individual transported out of state.36
(((24))) (25) "Intimate partner" has the same meaning as provided 37
in RCW 7.105.010. 38
(((25))) (26) "Large capacity magazine" means an ammunition 39
feeding device with the capacity to accept more than 10 rounds of 40
p. 20 HB 2320
ammunition, or any conversion kit, part, or combination of parts, 1
from which such a device can be assembled if those parts are in 2
possession of or under the control of the same person, but shall not 3
be construed to include any of the following: 4
(a) An ammunition feeding device that has been permanently 5
altered so that it cannot accommodate more than 10 rounds of 6
ammunition; 7
(b) A 22 caliber tube ammunition feeding device; or8
(c) A tubular magazine that is contained in a lever-action 9
firearm. 10
(((26))) (27) "Law enforcement officer" includes a general 11
authority Washington peace officer as defined in RCW 10.93.020, or a 12
specially commissioned Washington peace officer as defined in RCW 13
10.93.020. "Law enforcement officer" also includes a limited 14
authority Washington peace officer as defined in RCW 10.93.020 if 15
such officer is duly authorized by his or her employer to carry a 16
concealed pistol. 17
(((27))) (28) "Lawful permanent resident" has the same meaning 18
afforded a person "lawfully admitted for permanent residence" in 8 19
U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(20). 20
(((28))) (29) "Licensed collector" means a person who is 21
federally licensed under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923(b). 22
(((29))) (30) "Licensed dealer" means a person who is federally 23
licensed under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923(a). 24
(((30))) (31) "Loaded" means: 25
(a) There is a cartridge in the chamber of the firearm;26
(b) Cartridges are in a clip that is locked in place in the 27
firearm; 28
(c) There is a cartridge in the cylinder of the firearm, if the 29
firearm is a revolver; 30
(d) There is a cartridge in the tube or magazine that is inserted 31
in the action; or 32
(e) There is a ball in the barrel and the firearm is capped or 33
primed if the firearm is a muzzle loader. 34
(((31))) (32) "Machine gun" means any firearm known as a machine 35
gun, mechanical rifle, submachine gun, or any other mechanism or 36
instrument not requiring that the trigger be pressed for each shot 37
and having a reservoir clip, disc, drum, belt, or other separable 38
mechanical device for storing, carrying, or supplying ammunition 39
p. 21 HB 2320
which can be loaded into the firearm, mechanism, or instrument, and 1
fired therefrom at the rate of five or more shots per second.2
(((32))) (33) "Manufacture" means, with respect to a firearm or 3
large capacity magazine, the fabrication, making, formation, 4
production, or construction of a firearm or large capacity magazine, 5
by manual labor or by machinery. 6
(((33))) (34) "Mental health professional" means a psychiatrist, 7
psychologist, or physician assistant working with a psychiatrist who 8
is acting as a participating physician as defined in RCW 18.71A.010, 9
psychiatric advanced practice registered nurse, psychiatric nurse, 10
social worker, mental health counselor, marriage and family 11
therapist, or such other mental health professionals as may be 12
defined in statute or by rules adopted by the department of health 13
pursuant to the provisions of chapter 71.05 RCW. 14
(((34))) (35) "Nonimmigrant alien" means a person defined as such 15
in 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(15). 16
(((35))) (36) "Person" means any individual, corporation, 17
company, association, firm, partnership, club, organization, society, 18
joint stock company, or other legal entity. 19
(((36))) (37) "Pistol" means any firearm with a barrel less than 20
16 inches in length, or is designed to be held and fired by the use 21
of a single hand. 22
(((37))) (38) "Rifle" means a weapon designed or redesigned, made 23
or remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and designed or 24
redesigned, made or remade, and intended to use the energy of the 25
explosive in a fixed metallic cartridge to fire only a single 26
projectile through a rifled bore for each single pull of the trigger.27
(((38))) (39) "Sale" and "sell" mean the actual approval of the 28
delivery of a firearm in consideration of payment or promise of 29
payment. 30
(((39))) (40) "Secure gun storage" means: 31
(a) A locked box, gun safe, or other secure locked storage space 32
that is designed to prevent unauthorized use or discharge of a 33
firearm; and 34
(b) The act of keeping an unloaded firearm stored by such means.35
(((40))) (41) "Semiautomatic" means any firearm which utilizes a 36
portion of the energy of a firing cartridge to extract the fired 37
cartridge case and chamber the next round, and which requires a 38
separate pull of the trigger to fire each cartridge.39
p. 22 HB 2320
(((41))) (42)(a) "Semiautomatic assault rifle" means any rifle 1
which utilizes a portion of the energy of a firing cartridge to 2
extract the fired cartridge case and chamber the next round, and 3
which requires a separate pull of the trigger to fire each cartridge.4
(b) "Semiautomatic assault rifle" does not include antique 5
firearms, any firearm that has been made permanently inoperable, or 6
any firearm that is manually operated by bolt, pump, lever, or slide 7
action. 8
(((42))) (43) "Serious offense" means any of the following 9
felonies or a felony attempt to commit any of the following felonies, 10
as now existing or hereafter amended: 11
(a) Any crime of violence; 12
(b) Any felony violation of the uniform controlled substances 13
act, chapter 69.50 RCW, that is classified as a class B felony or 14
that has a maximum term of imprisonment of at least 10 years;15
(c) Child molestation in the second degree; 16
(d) Incest when committed against a child under age 14;17
(e) Indecent liberties; 18
(f) Leading organized crime; 19
(g) Promoting prostitution in the first degree;20
(h) Rape in the third degree; 21
(i) Drive-by shooting; 22
(j) Sexual exploitation; 23
(k) Vehicular assault, when caused by the operation or driving of 24
a vehicle by a person while under the influence of intoxicating 25
liquor or any drug or by the operation or driving of a vehicle in a 26
reckless manner; 27
(l) Vehicular homicide, when proximately caused by the driving of 28
any vehicle by any person while under the influence of intoxicating 29
liquor or any drug as defined by RCW 46.61.502, or by the operation 30
of any vehicle in a reckless manner; 31
(m) Any other class B felony offense with a finding of sexual 32
motivation, as "sexual motivation" is defined under RCW 9.94A.030;33
(n) Any other felony with a deadly weapon verdict under RCW 34
9.94A.825; 35
(o) Any felony offense in effect at any time prior to June 6, 36
1996, that is comparable to a serious offense, or any federal or out-37
of-state conviction for an offense that under the laws of this state 38
would be a felony classified as a serious offense;39
(p) Any felony conviction under RCW 9.41.115; or40
p. 23 HB 2320
(q) Any felony charged under RCW 46.61.502(6) or 46.61.504(6).1
(((43))) (44) "Sex offense" has the same meaning as provided in 2
RCW 9.94A.030. 3
(((44))) (45) "Short-barreled rifle" means a rifle having one or 4
more barrels less than 16 inches in length and any weapon made from a 5
rifle by any means of modification if such modified weapon has an 6
overall length of less than 26 inches. 7
(((45))) (46) "Short-barreled shotgun" means a shotgun having one 8
or more barrels less than 18 inches in length and any weapon made 9
from a shotgun by any means of modification if such modified weapon 10
has an overall length of less than 26 inches. 11
(((46))) (47) "Shotgun" means a weapon with one or more barrels, 12
designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended to be fired from 13
the shoulder and designed or redesigned, made or remade, and intended 14
to use the energy of the explosive in a fixed shotgun shell to fire 15
through a smooth bore either a number of ball shot or a single 16
projectile for each single pull of the trigger. 17
(((47))) (48) "Substance use disorder professional" means a 18
person certified under chapter 18.205 RCW. 19
(((48))) (49) "Three-dimensional printer" means a computer-aided 20
manufacturing device capable of producing a three-dimensional object 21
from a three-dimensional digital model through an additive 22
manufacturing process that involves the layering of two-dimensional 23
cross sections formed of a resin or other material that are fused 24
together to form a three-dimensional object.25
(50) "Transfer" means the intended delivery of a firearm to 26
another person without consideration of payment or promise of payment 27
including, but not limited to, gifts and loans. "Transfer" does not 28
include the delivery of a firearm owned or leased by an entity 29
licensed or qualified to do business in the state of Washington to, 30
or return of such a firearm by, any of that entity's employees or 31
agents, defined to include volunteers participating in an honor 32
guard, for lawful purposes in the ordinary course of business.33
(((49))) (51) "Undetectable firearm" means any firearm that is 34
not as detectable as 3.7 ounces of 17-4 PH stainless steel by walk-35
through metal detectors or magnetometers commonly used at airports or 36
any firearm where the barrel, the slide or cylinder, or the frame or 37
receiver of the firearm would not generate an image that accurately 38
depicts the shape of the part when examined by the types of X-ray 39
machines commonly used at airports. 40
p. 24 HB 2320
(((50))) (52)(a) "Unfinished frame or receiver" means a frame or 1
receiver that is partially complete, disassembled, or inoperable, 2
that: (i) Has reached a stage in manufacture where it may readily be 3
completed, assembled, converted, or restored to a functional state; 4
or (ii) is marketed or sold to the public to become or be used as the 5
frame or receiver of a functional firearm once finished or completed, 6
including without limitation products marketed or sold to the public 7
as an 80 percent frame or receiver or unfinished frame or receiver.8
(b) For purposes of this subsection: 9
(i) "Readily" means a process that is fairly or reasonably 10
efficient, quick, and easy, but not necessarily the most efficient, 11
speedy, or easy process. Factors relevant in making this 12
determination, with no single one controlling, include the following: 13
(A) Time, i.e., how long it takes to finish the process; (B) ease, 14
i.e., how difficult it is to do so; (C) expertise, i.e., what 15
knowledge and skills are required; (D) equipment, i.e., what tools 16
are required; (E) availability, i.e., whether additional parts are 17
required, and how easily they can be obtained; (F) expense, i.e., how 18
much it costs; (G) scope, i.e., the extent to which the subject of 19
the process must be changed to finish it; and (H) feasibility, i.e., 20
whether the process would damage or destroy the subject of the 21
process, or cause it to malfunction. 22
(ii) "Partially complete," as it modifies frame or receiver, 23
means a forging, casting, printing, extrusion, machined body, or 24
similar article that has reached a stage in manufacture where it is 25
clearly identifiable as an unfinished component part of a firearm.26
(((51))) (53) "Unlicensed person" means any person who is not a 27
licensed dealer under this chapter. 28
(((52))) (54) "Untraceable firearm" means any firearm 29
manufactured after July 1, 2019, that is not an antique firearm and 30
that cannot be traced by law enforcement by means of a serial number 31
affixed to the firearm by a federal firearms manufacturer, federal 32
firearms importer, or federal firearms dealer in compliance with all 33
federal laws and regulations. 34
(((53))) (55) "Washington state patrol firearms background check 35
program" means the division within the state patrol that conducts 36
background checks for all firearm transfers and the disposition of 37
firearms. 38
p. 25 HB 2320
Sec. 4. RCW 9.41.190 and 2022 c 105 s 3 are each amended to read 1
as follows: 2
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, it is unlawful 3
for any person to: 4
(a) Manufacture, including by use of a three-dimensional printer, 5
computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine, or other means, or 6
own, buy, sell, loan, furnish, transport, or have in possession or 7
under control, any machine gun, bump-fire stock, undetectable 8
firearm, short-barreled shotgun, or short-barreled rifle;9
(b) Manufacture, including by use of a three-dimensional printer, 10
computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine, or other means, or 11
own, buy, sell, loan, furnish, transport, or have in possession or 12
under control, any part designed and intended solely and exclusively 13
for use in a machine gun, bump-fire stock, undetectable firearm, 14
short-barreled shotgun, or short-barreled rifle, or in converting a 15
weapon into a machine gun, short-barreled shotgun, or short-barreled 16
rifle; 17
(c) Assemble or repair any machine gun, bump-fire stock, 18
undetectable firearm, short-barreled shotgun, or short-barreled 19
rifle; or 20
(d) Manufacture, including by use of a three-dimensional printer, 21
computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine, or other means, or 22
cause to be manufactured, assemble, or cause to be assembled, an 23
untraceable firearm with the intent to sell the untraceable firearm.24
(2) It is not unlawful for a person to manufacture, own, buy, 25
sell, loan, furnish, transport, assemble, or repair, or have in 26
possession or under control, a short-barreled rifle, or any part 27
designed or intended solely and exclusively for use in a short-28
barreled rifle or in converting a weapon into a short-barreled rifle, 29
if the person is in compliance with applicable federal law.30
(3) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to:31
(a) Any peace officer in the discharge of official duty or 32
traveling to or from official duty, or to any officer or member of 33
the armed forces of the United States or the state of Washington in 34
the discharge of official duty or traveling to or from official duty; 35
or 36
(b) A person, including an employee of such person if the 37
employee has undergone fingerprinting and a background check, who or 38
which is exempt from or licensed under federal law, and engaged in 39
p. 26 HB 2320
the production, manufacture, repair, or testing of machine guns, 1
bump-fire stocks, short-barreled shotguns, or short-barreled rifles:2
(i) To be used or purchased by the armed forces of the United 3
States; 4
(ii) To be used or purchased by federal, state, county, or 5
municipal law enforcement agencies; or 6
(iii) For exportation in compliance with all applicable federal 7
laws and regulations. 8
(4) It shall be an affirmative defense to a prosecution brought 9
under this section that the machine gun or short-barreled shotgun was 10
acquired prior to July 1, 1994, and is possessed in compliance with 11
federal law. 12
(5) Any person violating this section is guilty of a class C 13
felony. 14
Sec. 5. RCW 9.41.325 and 2019 c 243 s 2 are each amended to read 15
as follows: 16
(1) No person may knowingly or recklessly allow, facilitate, aid, 17
or abet the manufacture or assembly of an undetectable firearm or 18
untraceable firearm , including by distribution of digital firearm 19
manufacturing code, by a person who: (a) Is ineligible under state or 20
federal law to possess a firearm; or (b) has signed a valid voluntary 21
waiver of firearm rights that has not been revoked under RCW 22
9.41.350. For purposes of this provision, the failure to conduct a 23
background check as provided in RCW 9.41.113 shall be prima facie 24
evidence of recklessness. 25
(2)(a) Any person violating this section is guilty of a gross 26
misdemeanor punishable under chapter 9A.20 RCW. 27
(b) If a person previously has been found guilty under this 28
section, then the person is guilty of a class C felony punishable 29
under chapter 9A.20 RCW for each subsequent knowing violation of this 30
section. A person is guilty of a separate offense for each and every 31
firearm to which this section applies. 32
(3) The legislature finds that the practices covered by this 33
section are matters vitally affecting the public interest for the 34
purpose of applying the consumer protection act, chapter 19.86 RCW. A 35
violation of this section is not reasonable in relation to the 36
development and preservation of business and is an unfair or 37
deceptive act in trade or commerce and an unfair method of 38
p. 27 HB 2320
competition for the purpose of applying the consumer protection act, 1
chapter 19.86 RCW. 2
Sec. 6. RCW 9.41.326 and 2022 c 105 s 4 are each amended to read 3
as follows: 4
(1) No person may manufacture, cause to be manufactured, 5
assemble, or cause to be assembled an untraceable firearm , including 6
by use of a three-dimensional printer, computer numerical control 7
(CNC) milling machine, or other means. 8
(2) After March 10, 2023, no person may knowingly or recklessly 9
possess, transport, or receive an untraceable firearm, unless the 10
party possessing, transporting, or receiving the untraceable firearm 11
is a law enforcement agency or a federal firearms importer, federal 12
firearms manufacturer, or federal firearms dealer.13
(3) No person may sell, offer to sell, transfer, or purchase an 14
untraceable firearm. 15
(4) Subsections (2) and (3) of this section do not apply to any 16
firearm that: 17
(a) Has been rendered permanently inoperable; 18
(b) Is an antique firearm, as defined in 18 U.S.C. Sec. 19
921(a)(16); 20
(c) Was manufactured before 1968; or 21
(d) Has been imprinted by a federal firearms dealer or other 22
federal licensee authorized to provide marking services as provided 23
for in RCW 9.41.328. 24
(5) No person may sell, transfer, distribute, or offer to sell 25
digital firearm manufacturing code for a firearm to a person who is 26
not licensed to manufacture firearms under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923.27
(6) No person may possess digital firearm manufacturing code for 28
a firearm with an intent to distribute the code to a person who is 29
not licensed to manufacture firearms under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923, or 30
with an intent to manufacture a firearm using a three-dimensional 31
printer or computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine. 32
Possession of digital firearm manufacturing code for a firearm 33
creates a rebuttable presumption of an intent to unlawfully 34
distribute the code or manufacture a firearm in violation of this 35
subsection.36
(7)(a) Any person who violates this section commits a civil 37
infraction and shall be assessed a monetary penalty of $500.38
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(b) If a person previously has been found to have violated this 1
section, then the person is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable under 2
chapter 9A.20 RCW for each subsequent violation of this section.3
(c) If a person previously has been found to have violated this 4
section two or more times, then the person is guilty of a gross 5
misdemeanor punishable under chapter 9A.20 RCW for each subsequent 6
violation of this section. 7
(d) If a person violates this section by manufacturing, causing 8
to be manufactured, assembling, causing to be assembled, possessing, 9
transporting, receiving, selling, offering to sell, transferring, or 10
purchasing three or more untraceable firearms at a time, then the 11
person is guilty of a gross misdemeanor punishable under chapter 12
9A.20 RCW for each violation of this section. 13
(e) A person commits a separate violation of this section for 14
each and every firearm to which this section applies.15
(8) The legislature finds that the practices covered by this 16
section are matters vitally affecting the public interest for the 17
purpose of applying the consumer protection act, chapter 19.86 RCW. A 18
violation of this section is not reasonable in relation to the 19
development and preservation of business and is an unfair or 20
deceptive act in trade or commerce and an unfair method of 21
competition for the purpose of applying the consumer protection act, 22
chapter 19.86 RCW.23
Sec. 7. RCW 9.41.327 and 2022 c 105 s 5 are each amended to read 24
as follows: 25
(1) After March 10, 2023, no person may knowingly or recklessly 26
possess, transport, or receive an unfinished frame or receiver, 27
unless: (a) The party possessing, transporting, or receiving the 28
unfinished frame or receiver is a law enforcement agency or a federal 29
firearms importer, federal firearms manufacturer, or federal firearms 30
dealer; or (b) the unfinished frame or receiver has been imprinted 31
with a serial number issued by a federal firearms importer, federal 32
firearms manufacturer, or federal firearms dealer.33
(2) No person may sell, offer to sell, transfer, or purchase an 34
unfinished frame or receiver, unless: (a) The party purchasing the 35
unfinished frame or receiver is a federal firearms importer, federal 36
firearms manufacturer, or federal firearms dealer; or (b) the 37
unfinished frame or receiver has been imprinted with a serial number 38
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issued by a federal firearms importer, federal firearms manufacturer, 1
or federal firearms dealer. 2
(3) No person may sell, transfer, distribute, or offer to sell 3
digital firearm manufacturing code for an unfinished frame or 4
receiver to a person who is not licensed to manufacture firearms 5
under 18 U.S.C. Sec. 923.6
(4) No person may possess digital firearm manufacturing code for 7
an unfinished frame or receiver with an intent to distribute the code 8
to a person who is not licensed to manufacture firearms under 18 9
U.S.C. Sec. 923, or with an intent to manufacture an unfinished frame 10
or receiver using a three-dimensional printer or computer numerical 11
control (CNC) milling machine. Possession of digital firearm 12
manufacturing code for an unfinished frame or receiver creates a 13
rebuttable presumption of an intent to unlawfully distribute the code 14
or manufacture an unfinished frame or receiver in violation of this 15
subsection.16
(5) No person may knowingly or recklessly manufacture a frame or 17
receiver or an unfinished frame or receiver by use of a three-18
dimensional printer, computer numerical control (CNC) milling 19
machine, or by other means, unless the party manufacturing the frame 20
or receiver or unfinished frame or receiver is licensed as a federal 21
firearms manufacturer.22
(6) Subsection (1) of this section does not apply to any 23
unfinished frame or receiver that has been imprinted by a federal 24
firearms dealer or other federal licensee authorized to provide 25
marking services as provided for in RCW 9.41.328. 26
(((4))) (7)(a) Any person who violates this section commits a 27
civil infraction and shall be assessed a monetary penalty of $500.28
(b) If a person previously has been found to have violated this 29
section, then the person is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable under 30
chapter 9A.20 RCW for each subsequent violation of this section.31
(c) If a person previously has been found to have violated this 32
section two or more times, then the person is guilty of a gross 33
misdemeanor punishable under chapter 9A.20 RCW for each subsequent 34
violation of this section. 35
(d) If a person violates this section by possessing, 36
transporting, receiving, selling, offering to sell, transferring, 37
((or)) purchasing, or manufacturing three or more frames or receivers 38
or unfinished frames or receivers at a time, then the person is 39
p. 30 HB 2320
guilty of a gross misdemeanor punishable under chapter 9A.20 RCW for 1
each violation of this section. 2
(e) A person commits a separate violation of this section for 3
each and every frame or receiver, or unfinished frame or receiver, to 4
which this section applies. 5
(8) The legislature finds that the practices covered by this 6
section are matters vitally affecting the public interest for the 7
purpose of applying the consumer protection act, chapter 19.86 RCW. A 8
violation of this section is not reasonable in relation to the 9
development and preservation of business and is an unfair or 10
deceptive act in trade or commerce and an unfair method of 11
competition for the purpose of applying the consumer protection act, 12
chapter 19.86 RCW.13
NEW SECTION. Sec. 8. A new section is added to chapter 9.41 RCW 14
to read as follows: 15
(1) No person shall sell, offer to sell, or transfer to any 16
person in Washington a three-dimensional printer or computer 17
numerical control (CNC) milling machine that has the primary or 18
intended function of manufacturing or assembling firearms. A three-19
dimensional printer or computer numerical control (CNC) milling 20
machine has the primary or intended function of manufacturing or 21
assembling firearms if the printer or machine is advertised, 22
marketed, or promoted to manufacture or assemble firearms, regardless 23
of whether the printer or machine is otherwise described or 24
classified as having other functions or as a general-purpose printer 25
or machine. 26
(2) This section does not apply to three-dimensional printers or 27
computer numerical control (CNC) milling machines that are: (a) 28
Possessed by a forensic laboratory; (b) being delivered to law 29
enforcement for the sole purpose of their destruction; (c) possessed 30
by common carriers and their duly authorized employees and agents 31
while performing the regular and ordinary transport of firearms as 32
merchandise for customers licensed to permit such transport; (d) 33
possessed by or sold to a federally licensed manufacturer of 34
firearms; or (e) the property of the government of: (i) The United 35
States; (ii) the state of Washington; or (iii) any subdivision or 36
municipality of the state of Washington. 37
(3)(a) Any person violating this section is guilty of a gross 38
misdemeanor punishable under chapter 9A.20 RCW. 39
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(b) If a person previously has been found guilty under this 1
section, then the person is guilty of a class C felony punishable 2
under chapter 9A.20 RCW for each subsequent knowing violation of this 3
section. A person is guilty of a separate offense for each and every 4
device to which this section applies. 5
(4) The legislature finds that the practices covered by this 6
section are matters vitally affecting the public interest for the 7
purpose of applying the consumer protection act, chapter 19.86 RCW. A 8
violation of this section is not reasonable in relation to the 9
development and preservation of business and is an unfair or 10
deceptive act in trade or commerce and an unfair method of 11
competition for the purpose of applying the consumer protection act, 12
chapter 19.86 RCW. 13
NEW SECTION. Sec. 9. Section 2 of this act expires June 30, 14
2027.15
NEW SECTION. Sec. 10. Section 3 of this act takes effect June 16
30, 2027.17
NEW SECTION. Sec. 11. This act is necessary for the immediate 18
preservation of the public peace, health, or safety, or support of 19
the state government and its existing public institutions, and takes 20
effect immediately.21
NEW SECTION. Sec. 12. If any provision of this act or its 22
application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the 23
remainder of the act or the application of the provision to other 24
persons or circumstances is not affected.25
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