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HB5453 • 2026

To modify the school aid funding formula.

Education

Passed Legislature

This bill passed both chambers and reached final enrollment, even if later executive action is not shown here.

Sponsor: Ellington, Statler , Toney , Hornby , Willis , Shamblin , Bell , Pritt , Campbell , Dean , Hanshaw (Mr. Speaker)
Last action: 2026-03-14
Official status: S Senate requests House to concur 03/14/26
Effective date: Not listed

Plain English Breakdown

The plain English breakdown is still being put together. The official documents below are already here.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

hb5453 hfa howell, g. 3-2 _1 adopted.htm

Adopted

Plain English: HB5453 HFA Howell, G.

HB5453 HFA Howell, G.
3-2 #1 McO Delegate Howell, G., moves to amend the bill on page one, section twenty-seven, line three, following the numbers “ 2028-2029 ”, by striking out the period and inserting a colon and the following: “ Provided , That the foundation allowance for any fiscal year may not be less than the foundation allowance for the immediate preceding fiscal year ”, followed by a period.
ADOPTED REJECTED

This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

hb5453 hfa howell, g. 3-2 _1.htm

Filed

Plain English: HB5453 HFA Howell, G.

HB5453 HFA Howell, G.
3-2 #1 McO Delegate Howell, G., moves to amend the bill on page one, section twenty-seven, line three, following the numbers “ 2028-2029 ”, by striking out the period and inserting a colon and the following: “ Provided , That the foundation allowance for any fiscal year may not be less than the foundation allowance for the immediate preceding fiscal year ”, followed by a period.
ADOPTED REJECTED

This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

hb5453 hfa pushkin 3-3 rejected.htm

Rejected

Plain English: HB5453 HFA Pushkin 3-3 Altizer - 3259 Delegate Pushkin moves to amend Com Sum for Com Sub for HB5453 on page 1, following the enacting clause, by striking out the remainder of the bill and inserting in lieu thereof, the following: "ARTICLE 9A.

HB5453 HFA Pushkin 3-3 Altizer - 3259 Delegate Pushkin moves to amend Com Sum for Com Sub for HB5453 on page 1, following the enacting clause, by striking out the remainder of the bill and inserting in lieu thereof, the following: "ARTICLE 9A.
public school supporT.
§18-9A-27.
Revised method of school aid funding; base fund; creation and implementation of supplemental school aid fund; additional supplemental funding; reporting; oversight .

This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

hb5453 hfa pushkin 3-3.htm

Filed

HB5453 HFA Pushkin 3-3 Altizer - 3259 Delegate Pushkin moves to amend Com Sum for Com Sub for HB5453 on page 1, following the enacting clause, by striking out the remainder of the bill and inserting in lieu thereof, the following: "ARTICLE 9A.
public school supporT.
§18-9A-27.
Revised method of school aid funding; base fund; creation and implementation of supplemental school aid fund; additional supplemental funding; reporting; oversight .

This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

hb5453 hfat ellington 3-14 _1.htm

Filed

Plain English: HB5453 HFAT Ellington 3-14 #1 Kidd 4753 Delegate Ellington moved to amend the bill by striking out the title and substituting therefor a new title, to read as follows: Eng.

HB5453 HFAT Ellington 3-14 #1 Kidd 4753 Delegate Ellington moved to amend the bill by striking out the title and substituting therefor a new title, to read as follows: Eng.
Com.
Sub.
for House Bill 5453 —A Bill to amend and reenact §18-9A-2, §18-9A-4, and §18-9A-19 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended; and to amend said code by adding a new section, designated §18-9A-27, all relating to the school aid formula; adding additional net enrollment weighting for level two and level three special education students, inclusive of public charter school students; ensuring the additional funds generated by the increased weighting for level two and level three special education students is only spent on direct instruction for special education students; expiring the minimum ratio of professional instructional personnel per state aid funded professional educators; expiring the penalty for failure to meet the applicable minimum ratio; removing the prohibition against a county increasing the number of certain administrative personnel employed above the number which were employed, or for which positions were posted, on June 30, 1990; establishing a revised method of school aid funding for the school year 2027-2028 and continuing thereafter; clarifying the base fund and establishing a supplemental fund; setting forth categories within the supplemental fund; providing for reporting; and providing for oversight.

This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

hb5453 sfat grady _1 3-14 adopted.htm

Adopted

Plain English: HB5453 SFAT GRADY #1 3-14 Hager 7871 Senator Grady moved to amend the bill by striking out the title and substituting therefor a new title, to read as follows: Eng.

HB5453 SFAT GRADY #1 3-14 Hager 7871 Senator Grady moved to amend the bill by striking out the title and substituting therefor a new title, to read as follows: Eng.
Com.
Sub.
for House Bill 5453 —A Bill to amend and reenact §18-9A-2, §18-9A-4, and §18-9A-19 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, all relating to the school aid formula; adding additional net enrollment weighting for level two and level three special education students, inclusive of public charter school students; ensuring the additional funds generated by the increased weighting for level two and level three special education students is only spent on direct instruction for special education students; expiring the minimum ratio of professional instructional personnel per state aid funded professional educators; expiring the penalty for failure to meet the applicable minimum ratio; and removing the prohibition against a county increasing the number of certain administrative personnel employed above the number which were employed, or for which positions were posted, on June 30, 1990.

This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

hb5453 sfat grady _1 3-14.htm

Filed

Plain English: HB5453 SFAT GRADY #1 3-14 Hager 7871 Senator Grady moved to amend the bill by striking out the title and substituting therefor a new title, to read as follows: Eng.

HB5453 SFAT GRADY #1 3-14 Hager 7871 Senator Grady moved to amend the bill by striking out the title and substituting therefor a new title, to read as follows: Eng.
Com.
Sub.
for House Bill 5453 —A Bill to amend and reenact §18-9A-2, §18-9A-4, and §18-9A-19 of the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, all relating to the school aid formula; adding additional net enrollment weighting for level two and level three special education students, inclusive of public charter school students; ensuring the additional funds generated by the increased weighting for level two and level three special education students is only spent on direct instruction for special education students; expiring the minimum ratio of professional instructional personnel per state aid funded professional educators; expiring the penalty for failure to meet the applicable minimum ratio; and removing the prohibition against a county increasing the number of certain administrative personnel employed above the number which were employed, or for which positions were posted, on June 30, 1990.

This amendment summary is using official source text because generated interpretation was skipped for this run.

Bill History

2026-03-14 S
Senate requests House to concur
2026-03-14 S
Title amendment adopted
2026-03-14 S
Passed Senate (Roll No. 703)
2026-03-14 S
Read 3rd time
2026-03-14 S
On 3rd reading
2026-03-13 S
Finance com. amendment adopted (Voice vote)
2026-03-13 S
Education com. amendment withdrawn by unanimous consent
2026-03-13 S
Read 2nd time
2026-03-13 S
On 2nd reading
2026-03-12 S
Read 1st time
2026-03-12 S
Immediate consideration
2026-03-12 S
Reported do pass, with amendment
2026-03-09 S
To Finance
2026-03-09 S
Reported do pass, with amendment, but first to Finance
2026-03-05 S
To Education
2026-03-05 S
To Education then Finance
2026-03-05 S
Introduced in Senate
2026-03-04 H
Communicated to Senate
2026-03-04 H
Passed House (Roll No. 317)
2026-03-04 H
Read 3rd time
2026-03-04 H
Amendment adopted (Roll No. 316)
2026-03-04 H
Amendment rejected (Roll No. 315)
2026-03-04 H
Amendment reported by the Clerk
2026-03-04 H
Read 3rd time
2026-03-04 H
On 3rd reading with right to amend, Special Calendar
2026-03-03 H
Read 2nd time
2026-03-03 H
On 2nd reading, Special Calendar
2026-03-02 H
Read 1st time
2026-03-02 H
Immediate consideration
2026-03-02 H
By substitute, do pass
2026-02-18 H
To House Finance
2026-02-18 H
By substitute, do pass, but first to Finance
2026-02-17 H
Markup Discussion
2026-02-11 H
To House Education
2026-02-11 H
Introduced in House
2026-02-11 H
To Education then Finance
2026-02-11 H
Filed for introduction

Official Summary Text

To modify the school aid funding formula.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text

HB 5453 Text

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Engrossed Version

House Bill 5453 History

OTHER VERSIONS
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Committee Substitute (2)

Committee Substitute (1)

Introduced Version

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Red
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WEST virginia legislature
2026 regular session
ENGROSSED
Committee Substitute
for
Committee Substitute
for
House Bill 5453
By Delegates Ellington, Statler, Toney, Hornby, Willis, Shamblin, Bell, Pritt, Campbell, Dean, and Hanshaw (Mr. Speaker)
[Originating on February 27, 2026, in the Committee on Finance]

A BILL to amend the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, by adding a new section, designated §18-9A-27, relating to establishing a revised method of school aid funding; clarifying the base fund and establishing a supplemental fund; setting forth categories within the supplemental fund; providing for reporting; and providing for oversight.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:

ARTICLE 9A. public school supporT.

§18-9A-27. Revised method of school aid funding; base fund; creation and implementation of supplemental school aid fund; additional supplemental funding; reporting; oversight.

(a)
Base funding
. –
(1) The current school funding aid formula shall be utilized for the school year 2026-2027, for the school year 2027-2028 and for the school year 2028-2029:
Provided
, That the foundation allowance for any fiscal year may not be less than the foundation allowance for the immediate preceding fiscal year.
(2) Public charter schools shall remain funded consistent with their funding through the current school aid funding formula and as otherwise provided in §18-5G-1
et seq.
of this code.
(3) Effective for the school year 2029-2030, all county boards of education in this state shall be funded by a block grant in the amount of $6,100 per enrolled student. For purposes of the base funding amount, county boards of education that have less than 1,200 enrolled pupils per county shall be funded at the minimum level of 1,200 pupils in that county.
(4) Public charter schools are not subject to the 1,200 minimum level provided for in subdivision (3) of this subsection.
(5) Funding for public charter schools for the 2029-2030 school year and continuing thereafter shall be at the amount of $8,600 per student.
(b)
Supplemental funding for special needs students
. – Effective for the school year 2029-2030, all school districts in this state shall receive additional funding through a fund hereby created and known as the "Supplemental School Aid Fund." This fund shall be appropriated by the Legislature, based upon the number of Tier II and Tier III special needs students the school district has. The funding shall be based on a per pupil allotment of $3,050 per Tier II, and $6,100 per Tier III special needs students. The primary purpose for this supplemental fund shall be for the benefit of Tier II and Tier III special needs students, but may additionally be utilized as otherwise set forth in subsection (c) of this section. After all funding has been provided for Tier II and Tier III special needs students, any additional funding may be provided for needs set forth in subsection (c) of this section.
(c)
Additional supplemental funding
. – Effective for the school year 2029-2030, all school districts in this state may request funding for special cases through the Supplemental School Aid Fund created in subsection (b) of this section, which may include but is not limited to the following extraordinary expenses related to:
(1) Transportation;
(2) Vocational and technical education centers;
(3) Alternative learning centers; and
(4) Pilot programs.
(d)
Discretion
. – The funds available through subsection (c) of this section may be distributed as funds are available and at the discretion of the State Department of Education, unless otherwise directed by the Legislature.
(e)
Classification
. – School districts shall provide a written request to the State Department of Education to explain what additional funding they request based upon the items listed in subsection (c) of this section. The State Department of Education may distribute the money based upon the needs demonstrated per school district for the classifications set forth in subsection (c) of this section.
(f)
Reporting
. – The distribution of funds provided in this section shall be reviewed by the Legislative Oversight Commission on Education Accountability ("LOCEA") at least yearly. The State Department of Education shall prepare this report.
(g)
Oversight
. – The funds provided and distributed through this section shall be utilized at the discretion of the school district:
Provided
, That the Legislature shall maintain oversight in the event of maladministration by a school district and reserves the right to restrict funds to school districts that engage in maladministration.
(1) For purposes of this section, “maladministration” means the occurrence of one or more of the following actions or failures to act, as documented by financial records, audit findings, or statutory noncompliance, within the preceding 12 months:
(A) Failure to maintain reserve balances at or above levels required by statute or State Board of Education rule for two consecutive reporting periods without submission of a corrective action plan.
(B) Failure to submit required financial reports, audits, or WVEIS data by statutory deadlines or with material inaccuracies including, but not limited to, approval of expenditures that exceed gross revenue for more than one fiscal year.

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