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AB1237: Bill Text
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2025 - 2026 LEGISLATURE
LRB-0095/1
SWB:emw
2025 ASSEMBLY BILL 1237
March 19, 2026 - Introduced by Representatives
Subeck
and
Palmeri
, cosponsored by Senators
Smith
,
Ratcliff
and
Roys
. Referred to Committee on Health, Aging and Long-Term Care.
AB1237,1,7
1
An Act
to renumber and amend
49.485;
to amend
801.02 (1), 803.09 (1),
2
803.09 (2), 804.01 (2) (intro.) and 805.04 (1);
to create
20.9315, 49.485 (1),
3
165.25 (11m), 805.04 (2p) and 893.9815 of the statutes;
relating to:
restoring
4
private individual authority to bring a qui tam claim against a person for
5
making a false claim for medical assistance, actions by the attorney general
6
against a person for making a false claim for medical assistance, and
7
providing a penalty.
Analysis by the Legislative Reference Bureau
This bill restores a private individual’s authority to bring a qui tam claim against a person who makes a false claim for medical assistance, which was eliminated in
2015 Wisconsin Act 55
. A qui tam claim, as it relates to the Medical Assistance program under the bill, is a claim initiated by a private individual on his or her own behalf and on behalf of the state against a person who makes a false claim for medical assistance. The bill restores the language prior to the enactment of
2015 Wisconsin Act 55
that stated that, of moneys recovered as a result of a qui tam claim, a private individual may be awarded up to 30 percent of the amount recovered, depending upon certain factors, including the individual’s role in advancement of the prosecution of the action. The individual may also be entitled to reasonable expenses incurred in bringing the action, as well as attorney fees. This bill also includes changes not included in the prior law to conform state law to the federal False Claims Act, including expanding provisions to facilitate qui tam actions and modifying the bases for liability to parallel the liability provisions under the federal False Claims Act.
In addition to qui tam claims, the Department of Justice has independent authority to bring a claim against a person for making a false claim for medical assistance. This bill modifies provisions relating to DOJ’s authority to parallel the liability and penalty standards relating to qui tam claims, specifically, applying the definition of the term “claim” and the forfeiture amounts provided under the federal False Claims Act.
For further information see the state fiscal estimate, which will be printed as an appendix to this bill.
The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows:
AB1237,1
1
Section
1
.
20.9315 of the statutes is created to read:
AB1237,2,3
2
20.9315
False claims for medical assistance; actions by or on behalf of
3
state.
(1)
In this section:
AB1237,2,4
4
(a) “Claim” has the meaning given in
31 USC 3729
(b) (2).
AB1237,2,8
5
(b) “Knowingly” means, with respect to information, having actual knowledge
6
of the information, acting in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the
7
information, or acting in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information.
8
“Knowingly” does not mean specifically intending to defraud.
AB1237,2,10
9
(c) “Material” means having a natural tendency to influence, or be capable of
10
influencing, the payment or receipt of money or property.
AB1237,2,11
11
(d) “Medical assistance” has the meaning given under s. 49.43 (8).
AB1237,2,12
12
(e) “Obligation” has the meaning given in
31 USC 3729
(b) (3).
AB1237,2,13
13
(f) “Original source” has the meaning given in
31 USC 3730
(e) (4) (B).
AB1237,3,3
1
(g) “Proceeds” includes damages, civil penalties, surcharges, payments for
2
costs of compliance, and any other economic benefit realized by this state as a result
3
of an action or settlement of a claim.
AB1237,3,8
4
(2)
Except as provided in sub. (3), any person who does any of the following is
5
liable to this state for 3 times the amount of the damages that were sustained by the
6
state or would have been sustained by the state, whichever is greater, because of the
7
actions of the person and shall forfeit, for each violation, an amount within the
8
range specified under
31 USC 3729
(a):
AB1237,3,10
9
(a) Knowingly presents or causes to be presented a false or fraudulent claim
10
for medical assistance.
AB1237,3,12
11
(b) Knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used a false record or
12
statement material to a false or fraudulent claim for medical assistance.
AB1237,3,17
13
(dg) Knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used a false record or
14
statement material to an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to the
15
Medical Assistance program under subch. IV of ch. 49 or knowingly conceals or
16
knowingly and improperly avoids or decreases an obligation to pay or transmit
17
money or property to the Medical Assistance program under subch. IV of ch. 49.
AB1237,3,18
18
(dr) Conspires to commit a violation under par. (a), (b), or (dg).
AB1237,3,22
19
(3)
The court may assess against a person who violates sub. (2) not less than
20
2 nor more than 3 times the amount of the damages sustained by the state because
21
of the acts of the person, and shall not assess any forfeiture, if the court finds all of
22
the following:
AB1237,4,2
23
(a) The person who commits the acts furnished the attorney general with all
1
information known to the person about the acts within 30 days after the date on
2
which the person obtained the information.
AB1237,4,3
3
(b) The person fully cooperated with any investigation by this state of the acts.
AB1237,4,8
4
(c) At the time that the person furnished the attorney general with
5
information concerning the acts, no criminal prosecution or civil or administrative
6
enforcement action had been commenced with respect to any such act, and the
7
person did not have actual knowledge of the existence of any investigation into any
8
such act.
AB1237,4,11
9
(5)
(a) Except as provided in subs. (10) and (12), any person may bring a civil
10
action as a qui tam plaintiff against a person who commits an act in violation of sub.
11
(2) for the person and the state in the name of the state.
AB1237,4,20
12
(b) The plaintiff under par. (a) shall serve upon the attorney general a copy of
13
the complaint and documents disclosing substantially all material evidence and
14
information that the plaintiff possesses. The plaintiff shall file a copy of the
15
complaint with the court for inspection in camera. Except as provided in par. (c),
16
the complaint shall remain under seal for a period of 60 days from the date of filing
17
and shall not be served upon the defendant until the court so orders. Within 60
18
days from the date of service upon the attorney general of the complaint, evidence,
19
and information under this paragraph, the attorney general may intervene in the
20
action.
AB1237,5,2
21
(bm) Any complaint filed by the state in intervention, whether filed separately
22
or as an amendment to the qui tam plaintiff’s complaint, shall relate back to the
23
filing date of the qui tam plaintiff’s complaint to the extent that the state’s claim
1
arises out of the conduct, transactions, or occurrences set forth, or attempted to be
2
set forth, in the qui tam plaintiff’s complaint.
AB1237,5,5
3
(c) The attorney general may, for good cause shown, move the court for one or
4
more extensions of the period during which a complaint in an action under this
5
subsection remains under seal.
AB1237,5,7
6
(d) Before the expiration of the period during which the complaint remains
7
under seal, the attorney general shall do one of the following:
AB1237,5,9
8
1. Proceed with the action or an alternate remedy under sub. (10), in which
9
case the action or proceeding under sub. (10) shall be prosecuted by the state.
AB1237,5,11
10
2. Notify the court that he or she declines to proceed with the action, in which
11
case the person bringing the action may proceed with the action.
AB1237,5,14
12
(e) If a person brings a valid action under this subsection, no person other
13
than the state may intervene or bring a related action based upon the same facts
14
underlying the original action while the original action is pending.
AB1237,5,17
15
(f) In any action brought under this subsection or other proceeding under sub.
16
(10), the plaintiff is required to prove all essential elements of the cause of action or
17
complaint, including damages, by a preponderance of the evidence.
AB1237,5,22
18
(6)
If the state proceeds with an action under sub. (5) or an alternate remedy
19
under sub. (10), the state has primary responsibility for prosecuting the action
20
under sub. (5) or proceeding under sub. (10). The state is not bound by any act of
21
the person bringing the action, but that person has the right to continue as a party
22
to the action.
AB1237,6,7
23
(7)
(b) With the approval of the governor, the attorney general may
1
compromise and settle an action under sub. (5) or an administrative proceeding
2
under sub. (10) to which the state is a party, notwithstanding objection of the
3
person bringing the action, if the court determines, after affording to the person
4
bringing the action the right to a hearing at which the person is allowed the
5
opportunity to present evidence in opposition to the proposed settlement, that the
6
proposed settlement is fair, adequate, and reasonable considering the relevant
7
circumstances pertaining to the violation.
AB1237,6,14
8
(c) Upon a showing by the state that unrestricted participation in the
9
prosecution of an action under sub. (5) or an alternate proceeding under sub. (10) to
10
which the state is a party by the person bringing the action would interfere with or
11
unduly delay the prosecution of the action or proceeding, or would result in
12
consideration of repetitious or irrelevant evidence or evidence presented for
13
purposes of harassment, the court may limit the person’s participation in the
14
prosecution, such as:
AB1237,6,15
15
1. Limiting the number of witnesses that the person may call.
AB1237,6,16
16
2. Limiting the length of the testimony of the witnesses.
AB1237,6,17
17
3. Limiting the cross-examination of witnesses by the person.
AB1237,6,19
18
4. Otherwise limiting the participation by the person in the prosecution of the
19
action or proceeding.
AB1237,7,2
20
(d) Upon a showing by a defendant that unrestricted participation in the
21
prosecution of an action under sub. (5) or alternate proceeding under sub. (10) to
22
which the state is a party by the person bringing the action would result in
1
harassment or would cause the defendant undue burden or unnecessary expense,
2
the court may limit the person’s participation in the prosecution.
AB1237,7,10
3
(8)
Except as provided in sub. (7), if the state elects not to participate in an
4
action filed under sub. (5), the person bringing the action may prosecute the action.
5
If the attorney general so requests, the attorney general shall, at the state’s
6
expense, be served with copies of all pleadings and deposition transcripts in the
7
action. If the person bringing the action initiates prosecution of the action, the
8
court, without limiting the status and rights of that person, may permit the state to
9
intervene at a later date upon a showing by the state of good cause for the proposed
10
intervention.
AB1237,7,20
11
(9)
Whether or not the state participates in an action under sub. (5), upon a
12
showing in camera by the attorney general that discovery by the person bringing
13
the action would interfere with the state’s ongoing investigation or prosecution of a
14
criminal or civil matter arising out of the same facts as the facts upon which the
15
action is based, the court may stay such discovery in whole or in part for a period of
16
not more than 60 days. The court may extend the period of any such stay upon a
17
further showing in camera by the attorney general that the state has pursued the
18
criminal or civil investigation of the matter with reasonable diligence and the
19
proposed discovery in the action brought under sub. (5) will interfere with the
20
ongoing criminal or civil investigation or prosecution.
AB1237,8,10
21
(10)
The attorney general may pursue a claim relating to an alleged violation
22
of sub. (2) through an alternate remedy available to the state or any state agency,
23
including an administrative proceeding to assess a civil forfeiture. If the attorney
1
general elects any such alternate remedy, the attorney general shall serve timely
2
notice of his or her election upon the person bringing the action under sub. (5), and
3
that person has the same rights in the alternate venue as the person would have
4
had if the action had continued under sub. (5). Any finding of fact or conclusion of
5
law made by a court or by a state agency in the alternate venue that has become
6
final is conclusive upon all parties named in an action under sub. (5). For purposes
7
of this subsection, a finding or conclusion is final if it has been finally determined
8
on appeal, if all time for filing an appeal or petition for review with respect to the
9
finding or conclusion has expired, or if the finding or conclusion is not subject to
10
judicial review.
AB1237,8,16
11
(11)
(a) Except as provided in pars. (b) and (e), if the state proceeds with an
12
action brought by a person under sub. (5) or the state pursues an alternate remedy
13
relating to the same acts under sub. (10), the person who brings the action shall
14
receive at least 15 percent but not more than 25 percent of the proceeds of the action
15
or settlement of the claim, depending upon the extent to which the person
16
contributed to the prosecution of the action or claim.
AB1237,9,3
17
(b) Except as provided in par. (e), if an action or claim is one that the court or
18
other adjudicator finds to be based primarily upon disclosures of specific
19
information not provided by the person who brings the action or claim under sub.
20
(5) relating to allegations or transactions specifically disclosed in a criminal, civil,
21
or administrative hearing; legislative or administrative report, hearing, audit, or
22
investigation; or report made by the news media, the court or other adjudicator may
23
award an amount to the person as it considers appropriate, but not more than 10
1
percent of the proceeds of the action or settlement of the claim, depending upon the
2
significance of the information and the role of the person bringing the action in
3
advancing the prosecution of the action or claim.
AB1237,9,8
4
(c) Except as provided in par. (e), in addition to any amount received under
5
par. (a) or (b), a person bringing an action under sub. (5) shall be awarded his or her
6
reasonable expenses necessarily incurred in bringing the action together with the
7
person’s costs and reasonable actual attorney fees. The court or other adjudicator
8
shall assess any award under this paragraph against the defendant.
AB1237,9,15
9
(d) Except as provided in par. (e), if the state does not proceed with an action
10
under sub. (5) or an alternate proceeding under sub. (10), the person bringing the
11
action shall receive an amount that the court decides is reasonable for collection of
12
the civil penalty and damages. The amount shall be not less than 25 percent and
13
not more than 30 percent of the proceeds of the action and shall be paid from the
14
proceeds. In addition, the person shall be paid his or her expenses, costs, and fees
15
under par. (c).
AB1237,9,23
16
(e) Whether or not the state proceeds with an action under sub. (5) or an
17
alternate proceeding under sub. (10), if the court or other adjudicator finds that an
18
action under sub. (5) was brought by a person who planned or initiated the violation
19
upon which the action or proceeding is based, then the court may, to the extent that
20
the court considers appropriate, reduce the share of the proceeds of the action that
21
the person would otherwise receive under par. (a), (b), or (d), taking into account the
22
role of that person in advancing the prosecution of the action or claim and any other
23
relevant circumstance pertaining to the violation, except that if the person bringing
1
the action is convicted of criminal conduct arising from his or her role in a violation
2
of sub. (2), the court or other adjudicator shall dismiss the person as a party and the
3
person shall not receive any share of the proceeds of the action or claim or any
4
expenses, costs, or fees under par. (c).
AB1237,10,9
5
(12)
Except if the action is brought by the attorney general or the person
6
bringing the action is an original source of the information, the court shall dismiss
7
an action or claim under this section, unless opposed by the state, if substantially
8
the same allegations or transactions as alleged in the action or claim were publicly
9
disclosed in any of the following ways:
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