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Wisconsin Legislature: SB657: Bill Text
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SB657: Bill Text
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2025 - 2026 LEGISLATURE
LRB-3075/1
MIM:cjs
2025 SENATE BILL 657
November 14, 2025 - Introduced by Senators
Cabral-Guevara
,
Nass
and
Roys
, cosponsored by Representatives
Neylon
,
O'Connor
,
Dittrich
,
Green
,
Gustafson
,
Knodl
,
Murphy
,
Wichgers
and
Steffen
. Referred to Committee on Licensing, Regulatory Reform, State and Federal Affairs.
SB657,1,3
1
An Act
to renumber and amend
103.465;
to amend
103.465 (title), 103.465
2
(2) (a) 1. and 103.465 (2) (a) 2.;
to create
103.465 (2) and 103.465 (2) (a) 1m. of
3
the statutes;
relating to:
noncompete clauses for medical practitioners.
Analysis by the Legislative Reference Bureau
This bill makes changes regarding covenants not to compete for advanced practice registered nurses, advanced practice nurse prescribers, physicians, physician assistants, and psychologists (“medical practitioners”).
Under current law, a covenant by an assistant, servant, or agent not to compete with his or her employer or principal during the term of the employment or agency, or after the termination of the employment or agency, within a specified territory and during a specified time is lawful and enforceable only if the restrictions imposed are reasonably necessary for the protection of the employer or principal. A covenant not to compete that imposes an unreasonable restraint, however, is illegal, void, and unenforceable even as to any part of the covenant that would be a reasonable restraint.
The bill provides that a covenant by a medical practitioner not to compete with his or her employer after the termination of the employment imposes an unreasonable restraint and is illegal, void, and unenforceable if the covenant includes a restriction that prohibits working as a medical practitioner for more than 24 consecutive months after the first day of the medical practitioner’s employment with the employer that is imposing the covenant not to compete. The bill also provides that a covenant not to compete by a medical practitioner is illegal, void, and unenforceable if the medical practitioner’s employment is terminated for any reason by the medical practitioner’s employer.
The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows:
SB657,1
1
Section
1
.
103.465 (title) of the statutes is amended to read:
SB657,2,3
2
103.465
(title)
Restrictive covenants
Covenants not to compete
in
3
employment contracts.
SB657,2
4
Section
2
.
103.465 of the statutes is renumbered 103.465 (1) and amended to
5
read:
SB657,2,14
6
103.465
(1)
Covenants not to compete; generally.
A
Except as provided
7
in sub. (2), a
covenant by an
employee,
assistant, servant
,
or agent not to compete
8
with his or her employer or principal during the term of the employment or agency,
9
or after the termination of that employment or agency, within a specified territory
10
and during a specified time is lawful and enforceable only if the restrictions
11
imposed are reasonably necessary for the protection of the employer or principal.
12
Any covenant
,
described in this
section, imposing
subsection that imposes
an
13
unreasonable restraint is illegal, void
,
and unenforceable even as to any part of the
14
covenant or performance that would be a reasonable restraint.
SB657,3
15
Section
3
.
103.465 (2) of the statutes is created to read:
SB657,2,17
16
103.465
(2)
Covenants not to compete; medical practitioners.
(a) In
17
this subsection:
SB657,2,19
18
1. “Advanced practice nurse prescriber” means an advanced practice nurse
19
who is certified under s. 441.16 (2).
SB657,3,2
1
2. “Medical practitioner” means an advanced practice nurse prescriber, a
2
physician, a physician assistant, or a psychologist.
SB657,3,3
3
3. “Physician” has the meaning given in s. 448.01 (5).
SB657,3,4
4
4. “Physician assistant” has the meaning given in s. 448.971 (2).
SB657,3,5
5
5. “Psychologist” means an individual licensed under ch. 455.
SB657,3,11
6
(b) A covenant by a medical practitioner not to compete with his or her
7
employer after the termination of the employment imposes an unreasonable
8
restraint and is illegal, void, and unenforceable, even as to any part of the covenant
9
that would be a reasonable restraint, if the covenant includes a restriction that
10
prohibits working as a medical practitioner for more than 24 consecutive months
11
after the first day of the medical practitioner’s employment with the employer.
SB657,3,16
12
(c) A covenant by a medical practitioner not to compete with his or her
13
employer after the termination of the employment shall be considered an
14
unreasonable restraint and shall be considered illegal, void, and unenforceable if
15
the medical practitioner’s employment is terminated for any reason by the
16
employer.
SB657,4
17
Section
4
.
103.465 (2) (a) 1. of the statutes, as created by 2025 Wisconsin Act
18
.... (this act), is amended to read:
SB657,3,20
19
103.465 (2) (a) 1. “Advanced practice nurse prescriber” means an advanced
20
practice nurse who
is
was
certified under s. 441.16 (2)
, 2023 stats
.
SB657,5
21
Section
5
.
103.465 (2) (a) 1m. of the statutes is created to read:
SB657,3,23
22
103.465
(2)
(a) 1m. “Advanced practice registered nurse” means an individual
23
who is licensed under s. 441.09.
SB657,6
1
Section
6
.
103.465 (2) (a) 2. of the statutes, as created by 2025 Wisconsin Act
2
.... (this act), is amended to read:
SB657,4,5
3
103.465
(2)
(a) 2. “Medical practitioner” means an
advanced practice
4
registered nurse,
an advanced practice nurse prescriber, a physician, a physician
5
assistant, or a psychologist.
SB657,7
6
Section
7
. Initial applicability.
SB657,4,10
7
(
1
)
Covenants not to compete; medical practitioners.
This act first
8
applies to a covenant by a medical practitioner, as defined in s. 103.465 (2) (a) 2., not
9
to compete with his or her employer that is entered into, or extended, modified, or
10
renewed, on the effective date of this section.
SB657,8
11
Section
8
. Effective dates.
This act takes effect on the day after
12
publication, except as follows:
SB657,4,16
13
(
1
)
The creation of s. 103.465 (2) (a) 1m. and the amendment of s. 103.465 (2)
14
(a) 1. and 2. take effect on the day after publication, or on the first day of the 13th
15
month beginning after publication of 2025 Wisconsin Act .... (Assembly Bill 257),
16
whichever is later.
SB657,4,17
17
(end)
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