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SF0047 • 2020

Digital assets-statutory amendments.

AN ACT relating to digital assets; modifying the means to perfect a security interest in virtual currency and digital securities; modifying provisions relating to security agreements involving virtual currency and digital securities; providing definitions; specifying factors relating to location of digital assets used as collateral; amending duties and requirements for banks that provide custodial services; amending the scope of authorized custodial services; clarifying application of digital asset statutes; clarifying the duty of digital asset custodians to pay supervisory fees; clarifying the jurisdiction of Wyoming courts to hear cases related to digital assets; and providing for an effective date.

Land
Enacted

This bill passed the Legislature and reached final enactment based on the latest official action.

Sponsor
Minerals
Last action
2020-03-13
Official status
enrolled
Effective date
3/13/2020

Plain English Breakdown

The bill summary and text do not provide specific details on how banks must conform to audit and accounting standards set by independent public accountants.

Digital Assets Statutory Amendments

This act modifies Wyoming's laws concerning digital assets by changing how security interests are perfected, defining terms related to possession and control of virtual currencies and digital securities, specifying factors for determining the location of collateralized digital assets, amending duties for banks providing custodial services, clarifying court jurisdiction over digital asset cases, and setting supervisory fees.

What This Bill Does

  • Changes how security interests are perfected in virtual currency and digital securities by allowing possession or control to perfect a security interest instead of filing a financing statement.
  • Defines 'control' and 'possession' for purposes of perfecting a security interest and determining the priority of a security interest, including use of private keys and multi-signature arrangements.
  • Specifies factors used to determine the location of digital assets that are pledged as collateral, such as where the custodian or debtor is located.
  • Amends duties and requirements for banks acting as digital asset custodians, requiring them to conform to audit and accounting standards set by independent public accountants.
  • Clarifies the jurisdiction of Wyoming courts to hear cases related to digital assets based on factors like the location of the custodian or debtor.
  • Establishes a supervisory fee that banks providing custodial services must pay annually.

Who It Names or Affects

  • Banks and other financial institutions providing custodial services for digital assets.
  • Individuals and businesses holding virtual currency and digital securities as collateral.
  • Courts in Wyoming handling cases involving digital assets.

Terms To Know

Control
The exclusive legal authority to conduct transactions related to a digital asset, including through the use of private keys or multi-signature arrangements.
Possession
Use of a private key, multi-signature arrangement, smart contract, or delivery of certificated digital securities for purposes of perfecting a security interest in virtual currency and digital securities.

Limits and Unknowns

  • The bill does not specify how the supervisory fee will be calculated beyond setting its rate.
  • It is unclear what specific actions banks must take to conform with audit and accounting standards set by independent public accountants.
  • The exact factors for determining jurisdiction of Wyoming courts in digital asset cases are left somewhat open-ended.

Amendments

These notes stay tied to the official amendment files and metadata from the legislature.

SF0047HS001

Standing Committee • House Minerals, Business and Economic Development

Adopted

Plain English: The amendment modifies how security interests are perfected for virtual currency and digital securities by allowing possession or control as methods of perfection instead of requiring financing statements.

  • Adds new provisions to allow a secured party to perfect a security interest in virtual currency or digital securities through possession or control, rather than filing a financing statement.
  • Specifies that a transferee takes a digital asset free from any security interest after two years if the transferee took it for value without actual notice of an adverse claim and the security interest was not perfected by control.
  • Clarifies definitions related to 'control' and 'possession,' including how these terms apply in the context of private keys, multi-signature arrangements, and smart contracts.
  • The amendment text does not provide specific details on how possession or control is determined for digital assets.
  • It's unclear from the provided text how this change will affect existing security interests in virtual currency and digital securities.
SF0047SS001

Standing Committee • Senate Minerals, Business and Economic Development

Adopted

Plain English: The amendment modifies duties for banks providing custodial services for digital assets by adding specific requirements and clarifications.

  • Adds new provisions allowing banks to serve as qualified custodians under U.S. securities regulations and requiring them to comply with audit, accounting, and examination standards.
  • Clarifies that banks are not liable for losses related to transactions unless consistent with fiduciary or trust powers.
  • Defines 'custodial services' more clearly to include safekeeping, servicing, management of digital assets, and execution of customer instructions.
  • The amendment text does not provide full details on all changes, such as specific duties and requirements for banks under the new provisions.

Bill History

  1. 2020-03-13 LSO

    Assigned Chapter Number 103

  2. 2020-03-13 Governor

    Governor Signed SEA No. 0039

  3. 2020-03-10 House

    H Speaker Signed SEA No. 0039

  4. 2020-03-09 Senate

    S President Signed SEA No. 0039

  5. 2020-03-09 LSO

    Assigned Number SEA No. 0039

  6. 2020-03-09 Senate

    S Concur:Passed 28-1-1-0-0

  7. 2020-03-09 Senate

    S Received for Concurrence

  8. 2020-03-05 House

    H 3rd Reading:Passed 59-1-0-0-0

  9. 2020-03-04 House

    H 2nd Reading:Passed

  10. 2020-03-03 House

    H COW:Passed

  11. 2020-03-02 House

    H Placed on General File

  12. 2020-03-02 House

    H09 - Minerals:Recommend Amend and Do Pass 7-2-0-0-0

  13. 2020-02-26 House

    H Introduced and Referred to H09 - Minerals

  14. 2020-02-19 House

    H Received for Introduction

  15. 2020-02-18 Senate

    S 3rd Reading:Passed 29-1-0-0-0

  16. 2020-02-17 Senate

    S 2nd Reading:Passed

  17. 2020-02-14 Senate

    S COW:Passed

  18. 2020-02-13 Senate

    S Placed on General File

  19. 2020-02-13 Senate

    S09 - Minerals:Recommend Amend and Do Pass 5-0-0-0-0

  20. 2020-02-10 Senate

    S Introduced and Referred to S09 - Minerals 29-0-1-0-0

  21. 2020-02-07 Senate

    S Received for Introduction

  22. 2020-01-21 LSO

    Bill Number Assigned

Official Summary Text

Bill Summary - 20LSO-0198
Bill No.:

SF0047

Effective:

Immediately

LSO No.:

20LSO-0198

Enrolled Act No.:

SEA No. 0039

Chapter No.:

103

Prime Sponsor:

Joint Minerals, Business & Economic Development Interim Committee

Catch Title:

Digital assets-statutory amendments.

Subject:

Digital assets.

Summary/Major Elements:

The bill amends Wyoming's laws applicable to digital assets, as found in W.S. 34-29-101 through 34
‑
29
‑
106.

The bill amends the treatment of digital consumer assets and other digital assets, as defined in W.S. 34-29-101(a), for purposes of the priority and perfection of security interests; specifies that possession is a means of perfecting a security interest in virtual currencies and digital securities and defines the terms "control" and "possession" for purposes of perfecting a security interest and determining the priority of a security interest.

The bill adopts language that is standard to the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) and specifies the application of various provisions under the UCC's Article 9-Secured Transactions.

The bill specifies factors used to determine the location of digital assets that are pledged as collateral.

The bill amends duties and requirements for banks that act as digital asset custodians, including amending the standards for the conduct of examinations through independent public accountants.

The bill amends the scope of authorized custodial services.

The bill clarifies the duty of digital asset custodians to pay supervisory fees.

The bill clarifies the jurisdiction of Wyoming courts to hear cases related to digital assets.
The above summary is not an official publication of the Wyoming Legislature and is not an official statement of legislative intent. While the Legislative Service Office endeavored to provide accurate information in this summary, it should not be relied upon as a comprehensive abstract of the bill.

Current Bill Text

Read the full stored bill text
20LSO-0198

ORIGINAL Senate

ENGROSSED
File No
.
SF0047

ENROLLED ACT NO. 39,

SENATE

SIXTY-FIFTH LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WYOMING
2020 Budget Session

AN ACT relating to digital assets; modifying the means to perfect a security interest in virtual currency and digital securities; modifying provisions relating to security agreements involving virtual currency and digital securities; providing definitions; specifying factors relating to location of digital assets used as collateral; amending duties and requirements for banks that provide custodial services; amending the scope of authorized custodial services; clarifying application of digital asset statutes; clarifying the duty of digital asset custodians to pay supervisory fees; clarifying the jurisdiction of Wyoming courts to hear cases related to digital assets; and providing for an effective date.

Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wyoming:

Section 1
.

W.S.
34
‑
29
‑
103(a), (b), (d), (e)(
i
), by creating a new paragraph (iv), (f) and by creating a new subsection (g),
34
‑
29
‑
104(b)(intro), (c), (e), (g)(v), (n) and (p)(iii) and 34
‑
29
‑
105 are amended to read:

34
‑
29
‑
103.

Perfection of security interests in digital assets; control; possession; security agreements; location.

(a)

Notwithstanding the financing statement requirement specified by W.S. 34.1
‑
9
‑
310(a) as otherwise applied to general intangibles or any other provision of law, perfection of a security interest in
a digital asset
virtual currency or digital securities
may be achieved through
possession or
control, as
defined in paragraph (e)(i) of this section
applicable to the asset, consistent with W.S. 34
‑
29
‑
102(a)
. A security interest held by a secured party having
possession or
control
, as applicable,

of
a digital asset
virtual currency or digital securities
has priority over a security interest held by a secured party that does not have
possession or
control
, as applicable
of
the asset
virtual currency or digital securities
.
Other provisions of law relating to priority of security interests, including priority of control over delivery, shall remain applicable.

(b)

Before a secured party may take
possession or
control
of a digital asset
under this section, the secured party shall enter into a
control
security

agreement with the debtor.
A control
The

security
agreement may
also
set forth the terms under which a secured party may pledge its security interest
in the digital asset
as collateral for another transaction.
Consistent with W.S. 34.1
‑
9
‑
201(a), the security agreement shall be effective according to its terms between parties, against purchasers of collateral and against creditors.

(d)

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, title 34.1, Wyoming statutes, a transferee takes a digital asset free of any security interest two (2) years after the transferee takes the asset for value and does not have actual notice of an adverse claim. This subsection only applies to a security interest perfected by
a method other than control
filing
.

(e)

As used in this section:

(i)

Consistent with subsection (f) of this section, "control" is equivalent to the term "possession"
"Control,"
when used in article 9, title 34.1, Wyoming statutes and
means
this section, includes
the following:

(A)

A secured party, or an agent, custodian, fiduciary or trustee of the party, has
the exclusive legal authority to conduct a transaction relating to a digital asset
complied with W.S. 34.1
‑
8
‑
106
, including by means of a private key or the use of a multi
‑
signature arrangement
authorized by
exclusive to
the secured party
or any substantially similar analogue
;

(B)

Use of a
smart contract created by a secured party

which has the exclusive legal authority to conduct a transaction relating to a digital asset

to comply with W.S. 34.1
‑
8
‑
106
. As used in this subparagraph, "smart contract" means an automated transaction, as defined in W.S. 40
‑
21
‑
102(a)(ii), or any substantially similar analogue, which is comprised of code, script or programming language that executes the terms of an agreement, and which may include taking custody of and transferring an asset, or issuing executable instructions for these actions, based on the occurrence or nonoccurrence of specified conditions.

(iv)

"Possession," when used in article 9, title 34.1, Wyoming statutes and this section, includes use of a private key, a multi
‑
signature arrangement exclusive to the secured party or a smart contract, as defined in this subsection, or any substantially similar analogue. "Possession" shall also include delivery of certificated digital securities, consistent with W.S. 34.1
‑
8
‑
301(a).

(f)

Perfection by
control
possession

creates a possessory security interest
and does not require physical possession
under W.S. 34.1
‑
9
‑
301(a)(ii) in virtual currency or certificated digital securities, based on the possessory nature of a private key or any substantially similar analogue, which may be tangible or electronic
.

(g)

For purposes of article 9, title 34.1 and this section,
if collateral is required to be "located in a jurisdiction,"
a digital asset is located in Wyoming if the asset is
possessed, controlled or otherwise

held by a Wyoming
bank, trust company or other

custodian, the debtor or secured party is physically located in Wyoming or the debtor or secured party is incorporated or organized in Wyoming
,
.

based on the following factors:

(i)

Whether a security agreement typically present in a possessory security interest exists, consistent with W.S. 34.1
‑
9
‑
201(a), including an agreement describing the possessory nature of a private key or any substantially similar analogue;

(ii)

The choice of law in a security agreement, evidencing the intent and understanding of the parties relating to all potential aspects of a transaction, including waivers of litigation in jurisdictions other than Wyoming, access to the Wyoming chancery court and judicial economy; and

(iii)

The relative clarity of the laws of other jurisdictions relating to a digital asset, consequences relating to unknown liens in those jurisdictions and the ability of a court to exercise jurisdiction over a particular digital asset.

34
‑
29
‑
104.

Digital asset custodial services
.

(b)

A bank may serve as a qualified custodian, as specified by the United States securities and exchange commission in 17 C.F.R. § 275.206(4)
‑
2
, or as a custodian authorized by the United States commodity futures trading
commission or other law
. In performing custodial services under this section, a bank shall:

(c)

A bank providing custodial services shall
enter
conform to the audit, accounting and related requirements specified by the commissioner and applicable law, which may include entering
into an agreement with an independent public accountant to conduct an examination conforming to the requirements of 17 C.F.R. § 275.206(4)
‑
2(a)(4) and (6), at the cost of the bank.
The
An
accountant shall transmit the results of
the
any
examination to the commissioner within one hundred twenty (120) days of the examination and may file the results with
the United States securities and exchange commission
other regulatory agencies
as
its
their
rules may provide. Material discrepancies in an examination shall be reported to the commissioner within one (1) day. The commissioner shall review examination results upon receipt within a reasonable time and during any regular examination conducted under W.S. 13
‑
3
‑
702.

(e)

If a customer makes an election under paragraph (d)(ii) of this section, the bank may, based only on customer instructions, undertake transactions with the digital asset. A bank maintains control pursuant to subsection (d) of this section by entering into an agreement with the counterparty to a transaction which contains a time for return of the asset. The bank shall not be liable for any loss suffered with respect to a transaction under this subsection, except for liability consistent with fiduciary and trust powers
.
as a custodian under this section.

(g)

A bank shall provide clear, written notice to each customer, and require written acknowledgement, of the following:

(v)

That the bank is not liable for losses suffered under subsection (e) of this section, except for liability consistent with fiduciary and trust powers
.
as a custodian under this section.

(n)

Banks are not subject to the annual report license tax levied under W.S. 17
‑
16
‑
1630. In lieu of this tax and
T
o offset the costs of supervision and administration of this section, a bank which provides custodial services under this section shall pay a supervision fee equal to two
‑
tenths of one mill on the dollar ($.0002) relating to assets held in custody
under this section as of December 31 of each year, with payment of the supervision fee made on or before the following January 31
as provided by rule of the commissioner
. The supervision fee shall be deposited by the commissioner into the financial institutions administration account and may be expended for any purpose authorized for that account.
Banks providing custodial services outside of this section shall not be required to pay this supervision fee.

(p)

As used in this section:

(iii)

"Custodial services" means the safekeeping
, servicing
and management of customer currency and digital assets
.

through
This term includes
the exercise of fiduciary and trust powers
under this section as a custodian, and includes fund administration and the execution of customer instructions
involving the exercise of discretion, including transactions under subsection (e) of this section
.

34
‑
29
‑
105.

Jurisdiction of courts
.

Subject to other jurisdictional limits placed on specific courts by Wyoming law, t
he courts of Wyoming shall have jurisdiction to hear claims in both law and equity relating to digital assets, including those arising from this chapter and the Uniform Commercial Code, title 34.1, Wyoming statutes.

Section 2.

This act is effective immediately upon completion of all acts necessary for a bill to become law as provided by Article 4, Section 8 of the Wyoming Constitution.

(END)

Speaker of the House

President of the Senate

Governor

TIME APPROVED: _________

DATE APPROVED: _________

I hereby certify that this act originated in the Senate.

Chief Clerk

1