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SF0071

Stand Your Ground

Last scannedOct 18, 2026, 2:19 AM

In one sentence

This bill would define when defensive force is reasonable, remove the duty to retreat in certain situations, and provide legal protections for those who use reasonable defensive force.

What it does

  • Defines defensive force as reasonable when it is necessary to prevent injury or loss, including deadly force to prevent imminent death or serious bodily injury.
  • Establishes that a person does not have a duty to retreat before using reasonable defensive force if they are lawfully present, not the initial aggressor, and not engaged in illegal activity.
  • Creates a presumption that a person had a reasonable fear of imminent peril if an intruder unlawfully and forcefully entered their home or habitation.
  • Provides immunity from civil lawsuits for the use of reasonable defensive force.
  • Requires courts to award attorney fees, court costs, and other expenses to a defendant if they are found to have used reasonable defensive force.
  • Sets an effective date of July 1, 2018, for the changes.

Who it affects

  • Individuals who use force in self-defense or to protect others.
  • Courts handling civil lawsuits related to the use of force.
  • Peace officers and employees of the Wyoming Department of Corrections entering homes for official duties.

Limits and unknowns

  • The bill did not pass in the 2018 session and was postponed indefinitely.
  • The presumption of reasonable fear does not apply if the person entering the home has a legal right to be there, such as an owner or someone with a court order allowing entry.
  • The bill does not apply if the person using force is the initial aggressor or is engaged in illegal activity.

Plain language

Terms to know

Defensive force
Force used to prevent injury or loss, including deadly force if necessary to prevent imminent death or serious bodily injury.
Habitation
Any structure designed or adapted for overnight accommodation, such as buildings, modular units, trailers, campers, or tents.
Deadly force
Force that is intended or likely to cause death or serious bodily injury.
Immunity from civil action
Legal protection that prevents a person from being sued for using reasonable defensive force.

Official record

Sources

Source checked

Public statements

Why lawmakers voted

Last checked Sep 19, 6:21 AM

Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment to give judges discretion in awarding attorney fees, arguing that current fee-shifting language is uncommon and inconsistent with other Wyoming statutes.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:08:42 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker opposes the amendment because he believes the existing legislation already covers liability for shooting someone who is not causing harm, making the amendment unnecessary.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:17:20 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment to clarify that civil immunity does not apply if a person recklessly injures or kills an unintended victim, citing a need to clean up the policy regarding accidental harm during the use of reasonable force.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:20:00 Watch the statement

Eric Barlow

R · H03

Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment to clarify that civil immunity does not apply if a person recklessly injures or kills an unintended victim, citing a scenario where reasonable defensive force misses the target and hits a bystander.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:20:00 Watch the statement

Mike Gierau

D · H16

Voted No

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment to clarify that civil immunity does not apply if a person recklessly injures or kills an unintended victim, citing concerns about accidental harm during the use of reasonable force.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:20:00 Watch the statement

Landon Brown

R · H09

Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker opposes the amendment because he believes the term 'injures' is too broad and could encompass undefined damages like PTSD, creating uncertainty in liability.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:20:36 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment based on common sense, arguing that a person should not have civil immunity if they accidentally kill an innocent bystander while using defensive force.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:21:19 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker opposes the amendment because he believes logic dictates that hurting an innocent person while defending oneself should result in liability, which will be handled by law enforcement and judges.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:22:51 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker opposes the amendment, arguing that the discussion is based on hypotheticals intended to kill a bill they do not like, and encourages a no vote on the amendment while stating they will vote on the bill.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:25:50 Watch the statement

Bo Biteman

R · H51

Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker opposes the amendment because he views it as a hypothetical attempt to kill a bill that is otherwise supported by the body.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:26:00 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment as a safety measure to ensure people can be held accountable for collateral damage, such as hitting bystanders during an active shooter situation.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:29:09 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the bill because they believe it is appropriate to address the potential for media spectacle and safety concerns if an innocent bystander is hurt during a defensive force situation.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:30:00 Watch the statement

Tim Salazar

R · H34

Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker opposes the amendment to prevent good people from being sued into bankruptcy, arguing that common sense dictates against such liability in self-defense scenarios.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:30:25 Watch the statement
Voted No

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment to ensure innocent bystanders or their families have a cause of action in civil court, which is currently disallowed by the bill's text.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:31:21 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment because the current statute does not adequately cover the scenario of an innocent bystander being injured by reasonable defensive force.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:32:00 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment because he believes the current bill incorrectly grants civil immunity to those who accidentally hit innocent bystanders, and this change aligns with the intent of protecting innocents.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:32:00 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports Amendment No. 2 to clarify that threatening defensive force is legal, preventing innocent individuals from being charged or imprisoned when they de-escalate a situation without using actual violence.

Public statementFloor statement at 57:50 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the amendment because it addresses a specific case where an individual was charged with a felony for threatening to use force as a de-escalation tactic, arguing this change provides a necessary defense.

Public statementFloor statement at 59:50 Watch the statement
Voted No

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker opposes voting on the current version because the amendment is too complex and rewrites the entire bill, making it difficult to evaluate specific provisions individually.

Public statementFloor statement at 30:54 Watch the statement
Voted No

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports an affirmative vote on the amendment because he believes lawmakers should ignore external pressure from special interest groups and debate what they believe is right based on their own judgment.

Public statementFloor statement at 32:49 Watch the statement
Voted No

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the bill's provision allowing attorney fee recovery to prevent defendants from being financially drained by civil lawsuits after successfully defending themselves.

Public statementFloor statement at 46:33 Watch the statement
Voted No

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker opposes the amendment because he believes removing attorney fee recovery would allow families and trial lawyers to financially ruin individuals who acted in self-defense.

Public statementFloor statement at 48:11 Watch the statement
Voted Yes

Why they voted this way

The lawmaker supports the bill because it reverses the duty to retreat and protects citizens from being prosecuted by criminals who misuse court systems.

Public statementFloor statement at 1:25:17 Watch the statement

Wyoming roll calls

Recorded votes

7 roll calls

H 3rd Reading:Passed 51-9-0-0-02018-03-09 · House51 yes 9 no
H02 - Appropriations:Recommend Do Pass 6-1-0-0-02018-03-06 · House6 yes 1 no
S 3rd Reading:Passed 23-7-0-0-02018-02-28 · Senate23 yes 7 no
Amendment failed 7-23-0-0-02018-02-27 · Senate7 yes 23 no
Amendment adopted 22-8-0-0-02018-02-27 · Senate22 yes 8 no
S05 - Agriculture:Recommend Do Pass 5-0-0-0-02018-02-22 · Senate5 yes 0 no
S Introduced and Referred to S05 - Agriculture 24-5-1-0-02018-02-16 · Senate24 yes 5 no

Official activity

Bill history

  1. S postponed indefinitelySenate
  2. S ConcurSenate
  3. S Received for ConcurrenceSenate
  4. H 3rd Reading:Passed 51-9-0-0-0House
  5. H 2nd Reading:PassedHouse
  6. H COW:PassedHouse
  7. H Placed on General FileHouse
  8. H02 - Appropriations:Recommend Do Pass 6-1-0-0-0House
  9. H Introduced and Referred to H02 - AppropriationsHouse
  10. H Received for IntroductionHouse
  11. S 3rd Reading:Passed 23-7-0-0-0Senate
  12. S 2nd Reading:PassedSenate
  13. S COW:PassedSenate
  14. S Placed on General FileSenate
  15. S05 - Agriculture:Recommend Do Pass 5-0-0-0-0Senate
  16. S Introduced and Referred to S05 - Agriculture 24-5-1-0-0Senate
  17. S Received for IntroductionSenate
  18. Bill Number AssignedLSO

Changes

Amendments

9 stored

SF0071H3001

Failed 3rd reading by Zwonitzer

SF0071H3002

Withdrawn 3rd reading by Zwonitzer

SF0071H3003

Adopted 3rd reading by Gierau

SF0071H3004

Withdrawn 3rd reading by Gierau

SF0071HW001

Withdrawn Committee of the Whole by Nicholas

SF0071S2001

Failed 2nd reading by Perkins

SF0071S2002

Adopted 2nd reading by Perkins

SF0071S3001

Adopted 3rd reading by Meier

SF0071S3002

Adopted 3rd reading by Scott